• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.35-61
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• 2003

Background： The purpose of this study was to develop a structured and individualized smoking prevention program for adolescents by utilizing a multimedia computer-assisted instruction model and to empirically assess its effect. Method： For the purpose of this study, a guide book of smoking prevention program for middle and high school students was developed as the first step. The contents of this book were summarized and developed into an actual multimedia CAI smoking prevention program according to the Gane ＆ Briggs instructional design and Keller's ARCS motivation design models as the second step. At the final step, the short-tenn effects of this program were examined by an experiment. This experiment were made for middle school and high school students and the quasi experimental design was the pretest - intervention - posttest. The measured data was attitude, belief, and knowledge about smoking, interest in the program, and learning motivation. Result： The results of this study were as follows： First, the guide book of a smoking prevention program was developed and the existing literature on adolescent smoking was analyzed to develop the content of the guide book. Then the curriculum was divided into three main domains on tobacco and smoking history, smoking and health, adolescent smoking and each main domain was divided into sub-domains. Second, the contents of the guide book were translated into a multimedia CAI program of smoking prevention througn Powerpoint software according to the instructional design theory. The characteristics of this program were interactive, learner controllable, and structured The program contents consisted of entrance(5.6％), history of tobacco(30％), smoking and health(38.9％), adolescent smoking(22.2％), video(4.7％), and exit(1.6％). Multimedia materials consisted of text(121), sound and music, image(still 84, dynamic 32), and videogram(6). The program took about 40 minutes to complete. Third, the results on analysis of the program effects were as follows： 1) There was significant knowledge increase between the pre-test and post-test with total mean difference 3.44, and the highest increase was in the 1st grade students of high school(p＜0.001). 2) There was significant decrease in general belief on smoking between the pre-test and post-test with total mean difference 0.28. In subgroup analysis, the difference was significantly higher in the 1st grade of high school (p<0.001), low income class (p<0.001), and daily smokers (p<0.01). 3) There was no significant difference in attitudes on his personal smoking between the pre-test and post-test. 4) The interest in the program seemed to lower as students got older. The score of motivation toward this prevention program was the highest in the middle school 3rd grade. Among sub-domains of motivation, the confidence score was the highest. Conclusion： To be most effective, the smoking prevention program for adolescents should utilize the most up-to-date and accurate information on smoking, and then instructional material should be developed so that the learners can approach the program with enjoyment. Through this study, a guide book with the most up-to-date information was developed and the multimedia CAI smoking prevention program was also developed based on the guide book. The program showed positive effect on the students' knowledge and belief in smoking.

• Proceedings of the Korean Biophysical Society Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.37-37
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• 2003

We have shown the $Ca^{2+}$-activated chloride current is present in cardiac myocyte in rabbit pulmonary vein (Kim et al., 2002). This current amplitude was increased as [N $a^{+}$]$_{i}$ was increased and we suggested this chloride current may be involve in the spontaneous action potential frequency change. Since this current is activated by the increase of intracellular $Ca^{2+}$, we would like to test what is the inducer of the increase of [C $a^{2+}$]$_{i}$ between a L-type $Ca^{2+}$-current or a reverse mode of N $a^{+}$-C $a^{2+}$ exchange current. White rabbit (1.5 kg) was used and anesthetized with Ketamin (100 mg/kg). Pulmonary vein (PV) was isolated and sleeve area between left atrium and PV was dissected. Using collagenase (Worthington 0.7 mg/cc), single cardiac myocytes were isolated. In the presence of 15 mM of N $a^{＋}$, three steps of voltage pulses were applied (holding potential : -40 ㎷, -80 ㎷ for 50 msec, 30 ㎷ for 5 msec, 10 ㎷ steps from -70 ㎷ to 60 ㎷). The inward and outward tail current was activated after brief 5 msec prepulse. The outward tail current was blocked by the removal of extracellular chloride substituted by glucuronic acid or by a chloride channel blocker, 5 mM 9-AC. But the inward tail current was still remained even though the amplitude was decreased. The reversal potentials were changed to the direction of the change of chloride equilibrium potential ( $E_{Cl}$ ) but the shift of equilibrium potential was not enough to match to the theoretical equilibrium potential shift. In the presence of L-type $Ca^{2+}$ channel blocker, nifedipine 1 uM, inward tail currents were greatly reduced but the outward current tail currents were still remained. In the presence of N $a^{+}$-C $a^{2+}$ exchange current blocker, 10 uM KB-R7943, the inward and outward tail currents were blocked almost completely. We tried to test the $Ca^{2+}$sensitivity of the chloride current with various [C $a^{2+}$]$_{i}$ in pipette solution from 100 nM to 1 uM but we failed to activate $Ca^{2＋}$-activated chloride currents even though the cell became contracted in the presence of 1 uM $Ca^{2+}$. From these results, we could conclude that the increase of [C $a^{2+}$]$_{i}$ to activate the outward $Ca^{2+}$-activated chloride current was mainly induced by the activation of the reverse mode of N $a^{+}$-C $a^{2+}$ exchanger, But for the increase of [C $a^{2+}$]$_{i}$ to activate the inward tail current, L-type $Ca^{2+}$ current may be the major provoking current. Since the cytosolic increase of [C $a^{2+}$]$_{i}$ through pipette solution have failed to activate $Ca^{2+}$-activated chloride current, this chloride current may have very low $Ca^{2+}$ sensitivity or a comparmental increase $Ca^{2+}$ such as in subsarcolemmal space may activate the chloride current. Since there are several reports and models that the increase of $Ca^{2+}$ in subsarcolemmal space would be over several to tens of uM, both possibility may be valid together.uM, both possibility may be valid together.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.518-528
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• 2014

In this paper, we propose a method to recognize the action direction of human by developing 4D space-time (4D-ST, [x,y,z,t]) features. For this, we propose 4D space-time interest points (4D-STIPs, [x,y,z,t]) which are extracted using 3D space (3D-S, [x,y,z]) volumes reconstructed from images of a finite number of different views. Since the proposed features are constructed using volumetric information, the features for arbitrary 2D space (2D-S, [x,y]) viewpoint can be generated by projecting the 3D-S volumes and 4D-STIPs on corresponding image planes in training step. We can recognize the directions of actors in the test video since our training sets, which are projections of 3D-S volumes and 4D-STIPs to various image planes, contain the direction information. The process for recognizing action direction is divided into two steps, firstly we recognize the class of actions and then recognize the action direction using direction information. For the action and direction of action recognition, with the projected 3D-S volumes and 4D-STIPs we construct motion history images (MHIs) and non-motion history images (NMHIs) which encode the moving and non-moving parts of an action respectively. For the action recognition, features are trained by support vector data description (SVDD) according to the action class and recognized by support vector domain density description (SVDDD). For the action direction recognition after recognizing actions, each actions are trained using SVDD according to the direction class and then recognized by SVDDD. In experiments, we train the models using 3D-S volumes from INRIA Xmas Motion Acquisition Sequences (IXMAS) dataset and recognize action direction by constructing a new SNU dataset made for evaluating the action direction recognition.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.191-202
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• 2007

To identify the detailed attenuation structure in the southern Korean Peninsula, a numerical test was conducted for the Q tomography inversion to be applied to the accumulated dataset until 2005. In particular, the stochastic pointsource ground-motion model (STGM model; Boore, 2003) was adopted for the 2D Q tomography inversion for direct application to simulating the strong ground-motion. Simultaneous inversion of the STGM model parameters with a regional single Q model was performed to evaluate the source and site effects which were necessary to generate an artificial dataset for the numerical test. The artificial dataset consists of simulated Fourier spectra that resemble the real data in the magnitude-distance-frequency-error distribution except replacement of the regional single Q model with a checkerboard type of high and low values of laterally varying Q models. The total number of Q blocks used for the checkerboard test was 75 (grid size of $35{\times}44km^2$ for Q blocks); Q functional form of $Q_0f^{\eta}$ ($Q_0$=100 or 500, 0.0 < ${\eta}$ < 1.0) was assigned to each Q block for the checkerboard test. The checkerboard test has been implemented in three steps. At the first step, the initial values of Q-values for 75 blocks were estimated. At the second step, the site amplification function was estimated by using the initial guess of A(f) which is the mean site amplification functions (Yun and Suh, 2007) for the site class. The last step is to invert the tomographic Q-values of 75 blocks based on the results of the first and second steps. As a result of the checkerboard test, it was demonstrated that Q-values could be robustly estimated by using the 2D Q tomography inversion method even in the presence of perturbed source and site effects from the true input model.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.93-107
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• 2020

Adults of seven noctuid potential pests (Spodoptera frugiperda, S. litura, S. exigua, Ctenoplusia agnata, Mythimna loreyi, Athetis dissimilis, and A. lepigone) of soybean and maize in Suwon, Korea were identified by their morphological characteristics in the wing pattern and male genitalia and partial mitochondrial DNA sequences of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene. The generation number of adults that emerge annually in six species (except A. lepigone) was estimated from the data on density fluctuations of adults caught in sex pheromone traps in 2019 and the forecasted data using temperature-associated development and reproduction models for those species. S. frugiperda adults were caught from July 27th to October 31st in 2019, and hence were initially estimated to emerge three times per year. But, it was finally expected that S. frugiperda adults could possibly emerge a total of four times per year in Suwon, considering larval emergence observed during mid- and late June in other areas. Adult emergence of S. litura, S. exigua, C. agnata, and M. loreyi in 2019 was observed from May 29th to November 6th, from May 14th to November 6th, from May 26th to October 25th, and from May 31st to November 23rd, respectively. Annual adult emergence of these four species was estimated as at least four times. Adults of A. dissimilis were caught from May 26th to September 11th in 2019, and adult emergence was estimated at only twice per annum. It was postulated that the first adult populations of five species except the two Athetis species were probably migrated from other areas.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.229-242
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• 1998

Face-to-face interviews were carried out to investigate the relationship between social networks and hypertension in 958 rural residents(males=440, females=518) aged 60-64 of a community-dwelling sample of Dalsung County from April to September in 1996. Eight elements of social network were measured : marital status, regular religious attendance, membership in groups, number of friends, relatives, siblings, children, grandchildren. Hypertensives were defined as meeting at least one of following criteria : hypertension history, systolic blood pressure more than 160 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure more than 95 mmHg. In univariate logistic regression for males, having 1-4 friends vs. none showed odds ratio 0.43 (95% Confidence interval CI 0.19-0.96) and having 2-3, 4 and more than 5 children had reduced prevalence of hypertension with odds ratios 0.21 (95% CI 0.06-0.72), 0.14 (95% CI 0.04-0.49), 0.24 (95% CI 0.07-0.82), respectively when compared with persons without children. In females, there was no elements of social network statistically significant. Having 5-9 grandchildren vs. none showed a marginally significant odds ratio 0.42. In multivariate logistic regression models for males with adjustment for age, education, body mass index, smoking and drinking, number of friends and children showed increased odds ratios and number of close relatives gained a statistically significant odds ratios (0.44-0.50). In females, the adjustment yielded little changes of odds ratios except number of grandchildren which gained a statistically significance. These results suggest that only a certain elements of social network may be associated with reduced risk of hypertension and they may be different between genders in rural resident aged 60-64.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.46
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• pp.108-147
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• 2009

This study explores the news frames on the U. S. beef imports and candlelight vigils covered by the two national dailies such as ChosunIlbo and the Hankyoreh Shinmun; the KwangwonIlbo, a local daily. The news frames extracted based on the models of Iyengar(1987), Semetko & Valkenburg(2000) and other researchers are attribution of responsibility, economic sequences, protest against the authorities, national health and governmental public relations and so on. The result shows that the news reports are consisted of the straight news(75.9%), feature stories(11.7%) and editorials(6.3%). More specifically, there is a comparatively hight ratio of editorials(11.0%) for the ChosunIlbo, feature stories(20.9%) for the Hankyoreh, and the straight news(89.7%) for the KwangwonIlbo. In terms of the news frames stressed by the three dailies, the ChosunIlbo focuses and stresses on the national health(17.8%) and the attribution of responsibilities(10.6%). However, the Hankyoreh have a tendency to stress on the protest against the authorities(31.3%) and attribution of responsibilities(38.4%); the KwangwonIlbo, focuses on the protest against the authorities(38.4%) and the economic sequences(17.9%). Finally, in the case of the main characteristics of the dailies, the governmental public relations frame is found only on the ChosunIlbo that has a comparatively high ratio; the Hankyoreh also has a high ratio of the feature stories on the U. S. beef imports. Even thought the KwangwonIlbo has a high ratio of the economic sequence frame, the ratio of opinion pages, such as editorial and columns, the local newspaper has not spoken up for the potential economic crisis of the local Kwangwon province beef industry, mainly caused by the U. S. import beef.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.46
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• pp.511-555
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• 2009

Media-related regulations can be classified into two categories; regulations of individual media contents and regulations regarding the entry to and withdrawal from a certain field. In this dissertation, ownership regulations are regarded as legal and political measures so as to prevent the monopoly and oligopoly of public opinion, and to secure its diversity. Every country has its own regulation model according to its particular media environment. Korea too is obliged to actively respond to its environmental changes, at the same time vitalizing the media industry and protecting consumers' rights and interests. Strong political intentions to protect the public interest is necessary when it comes to media regulation policies, especially in the circumstances that public interest is an industrial priority. As the convergence of broadcasting and telecommunications is leading to a major shift in the media industry, the regulation of cross-media ownership is an issue involving potential conflicts among media-owners, non-governmental organizations and the authorities concerned, depending on their various viewpoints regarding the media industry. In this paper, an attempt was made to search necessity of redefining 'public interest', which is the logic behind the restriction of cross-media ownership, and to reconceptualize issues on the centralization and diversity of media. First, an examination of the actual conditions of newspaper companies was carried out in order to reinvestigate domestic cross-media ownership issues, which is represented by the cross-ownership issue of newspapers and broadcasting stations. Next, the dilemma of policies stimulated by the fusion of media was discussed based on cross-media ownership restrictions, and the need for efficient conflict control was suggested. Finally, proposals on the independency and public confidence of media-related policy-making authorities, the rationalization of regulation models, an itemized discussion on cross-media ownership regulation issues, the elaboration of measures for a balanced development among media were made. It could be found that a number of foreign countries were still facing challenges to prevent monopoly and oligopoly of the public opinion and the industry. A solution to settle disagreements about the dilemma of the media industry, including the cross-media ownership regulation issues, must be arranged on the grounds of 'mutual respect of public interest and industrial interest', In Korea, an ease on the ownership regulations adapting to the change in the media industry may be considered, however the softening of the cross-media ownership regulations must be approached with the utmost care. Paradoxically Relieving cross-media ownership regulations may be considered the foundation of a richer field of journalism, where there is no need for concern over the monopoly and oligopoly of public opinion.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.63-75
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• 2015

As forest therapy is getting more attention than ever, it is important to organize time for activity and location based on spatio-temporal distribution of weather condition in forest. This study aimed to analyze precise spatio-temporal distribution of weather condition by installing long-term weather monitoring device in Yonghyun national natural recreation forest and using acquired weather data in order to support forest recreation and therapy activity. First, we statistically compared 4 models of semi-variogram and the results were all similar. We selected and analyzed the circular model for this study because it was presumed to be the best model for this case. We derived 128 results from the circular model and through semi-variogram, we identified seasonal and temporal distributions of temperature and humidity. Then, we used boxplot, made of partial sill level, to identify significant differences in seasonal and temporal distributions. As a result, in spring and early morning, both temperature and humidity showed equalized result. On the other hand, in summer and early afternoon, both temperature and humidity showed uneven result. In spring and early morning, changes in weather condition are shown little from spatial shifting, it is ideal to perform recreational activities and forest therapy but in summer and early afternoon, it is unadvisable to do so as the changes in weather condition could be harmful unless any other means of preparations are made. This study proposes its significance by analyzing seasonal micro-weather of single recreation forest and presenting seasonal and temporal outcomes.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.316-323
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• 1991

We calculated a difference between the YBa$_2Cu _3O_{7-x}$ superconductor (123 system) of critical temperature, 95 K and the YBa$_2Cu_4 O_8$ superconductors (124 system) of critical temperature, 80 K in Y-system superconductors using Extended Huckel Theory (EHT). The valence electron population (VEP), reduced overlap population (ROP) and net charge for the charged cluster models relating to the layer and the chain in 123 and 124 systems were compared. The VEPs of Cu atom in the layer of 123 and 124 systems populated d$_{z^2}$ orbital more than d$_{x^2-y^2}$ orbital, and in the chain of 123 and 124 systems populated d$_{y^2-z^2}$ orbital more than d$_{z^2}$ orbital. The ROP of the Cu(1)-O(1) in the layer of 123 system was larger than the value of the Cu(1)-O(2), but the ROP of the Cu(1)-O(2) in the layer of 124 system was larger than the value of the Cu(1)-O(1). The ROP of Cu(2)-O(4) in the chain of 123 and 124 systems were larger than the value of the Cu(2)-O(3). In 123 system the net charge values of the Cu in the layer was larger than the value of the Cu in the chain. However, in 124 system the net charge value of the Cu in the chain was larger than the value in the layer.