• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.10-17
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• 2012

목적: 완화의료를 위해서는 완화의료 대상자에 대한 판단을 하고 완화의료를 직접 시행하거나 완화의료에 자문/의뢰하는 의료인의 역할이 중요하다. 이에 본 연구는 한국의 암환자를 주로 진료하는 의사들의 완화의료에 대한 인식과 완화의료 의뢰 시 장애요인에 대해 알아보았다. 방법: 2010년 5월부터 6월까지 암환자를 주로 진료하는 전문의 477명을 대상으로 무기명 자기 기입식 웹 설문 조사를 수행하였다. 결과: 총 128명(26.8%)이 응답하였고, 설문에 응답한 모든 의사들은 말기암환자에게 완화의료가 필요하다고 생각하는 것으로 조사되었다. 80% 이상의 응답자들이 '3차 의료기관 및 암센터는 완화의료 서비스를 제공해야 한다.', '진행 암환자는 항암 화학요법을 받는 중이더라도 완화의료를 받아야 한다.', '말기암환자의 치료에는 여러 과의 협력이 필요하다.'에 동의하였다. 완화의료 수행능력에 대해서는 58% 이상이 자신이 하고 있는 신체 증상 조절 및 정신증상 조절, 말기암환자 가족의 정서적 지지에 만족한다고 응답하였으나 전반적인 말기암환자 및 임종 환자 관리 서비스는 64%에서 '만족스럽지 않다'고 응답하였다. 응답자 중 34명(26.6%)은 '자신의 말기암환자를 완화의료팀으로 자문'하거나 '의뢰한 경험이 없는 것'으로 나타났고 완화의료 의뢰의 장애 요인으로 '환자나 보호자의 거부'가 61명(47.7%)으로 가장 많았으며 다음으로 '믿고 의뢰할 수 있는 완화의료팀이 없어서'라고 응답한 의사가 59명(46.1%)으로 많았다. 결론: 본 연구에서 대부분의 암환자를 주로 진료하는 의사들은 말기암환자의 완화의료 시행에 대해 긍정적 인식을 가지고 있지만 실제 말기암환자 진료에 있어 다학제 간 협력이나 임종관리까지 충분한 완화의료의 제공은 이뤄지지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 효율적이고 수준 높은 말기암환자의 관리를 위해서 보다 적극적인 완화 의료 자문이나 의뢰가 시행되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.135-150
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• 2010

폐기물 및 기타물질의 투기로 인한 해양오염을 방지하기 위해 1972년 정부간 회의에서 런던협약이 체결되었고 1996년 국제해사기구 본부에서 개최된 특별회의에서는 폐기물 처리 처분 기술과 해양환경에 대한 인식의 변화를 반영하여 동 협약을 전면 개정해 런던의정서를 채택하였다. 런던의정서는 런던협약보다 구체적으로 해양투기 관리 체제를 마련하고 조약의 법적 실효성을 확보하기 위해 준수절차와 메커니즘을 채택하도록 하고 있다. 동 의정서는 2006년 3월에 발효되었으며 2007년에는 준수절차와 메커니즘을 채택하고 준수그룹이 설치되었다. 런던의정서 준수그룹은 유엔 지역그룹 별로 선출된 각 3명의 위원들로 구성되며 우리나라는 2009년 10월에 아시아 지역 국가들의 동의를 얻어 준수위원을 배출하였다. 지리적 정치적으로 동일한 정체성을 지니는 지역그룹체제의 도입으로 런던의정서 당사국들은 의정서 관련 회의들에서 지역그룹별 투표 블록을 형성하거나 정보 교환 등을 할 수 있을 것으로 전망된다. 서유럽 및 기타 국가 그룹의 국가들로 구성된 북동대서양해양환경보호조약 (OSPAR)에서 1992년에 채택한 심의 허용 품목 이외의 포괄적 투기 금지 방식을 런던의정서에서 도입한 사례는 이러한 측면에서 주목할 만하다. 특히 런던의정서는 최근에 모든 오염원으로부터 해양환경을 보호하는 방향으로 물적, 인적 관할범위를 확대하고 있으며, 이에 따라 지역그룹의 역할은 더욱 중요하게 될 것이다. 따라서 본 소고에서는 유엔 지역그룹체제의 성격을 파악하고 런던의정서 회의들에서 지역그룹체제의 영향에 대한 검토를 통해 향후 우리나라의 대응방안을 제시하고자 한다.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.10-20
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• 2020

본 연구는 15~19세기 편찬된 조선시대 정원 및 화훼 관련서적을 대상으로 통시적 분석을 통해 시기별 정원에 대한 지식정보가 전개되는 특징을 도출하고, 그 요인을 살펴본 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 도출하였다. 첫째, 정원 및 화훼 관련서적을 편찬한 저자들의 관계성을 살펴본 결과 조선시대 실학의 계보와 유사한 특성을 보이고 있었다. 강희안의 실학적 면모는 후대 실학자들에게 영향을 미쳤으며, 이수광은 연행의 경험을 통해 정원 관련 지식을 축적하였다. 이후 중농학파 홍만선의 이념은 남인 계열의 유박과 관련이 있으며, 서유구 또한 중농학파의 경세론과 중상학파의 인물들과 교류를 통해 실학을 통합적으로 수용할 수 있었다. 류중림은 『산림경제』를 증보하면서 중농학파와의 관계성이 나타났다. 둘째, 『양화소록』과 『지봉유설』 「훼목부」, 『산림경제』 「양화」, 『증보산림경제』 「양화」, 『화암수록』, 『임원경제지』 「예원지」에는 정원 식물의 특성과 재배법, 관리방법 등이 수록되어 있으며, 『임원경제지』 「이운지」, 「상택지」, 「섬용지」에는 정원의 입지선정과 시설 배치, 조성방법, 재료에 대한 내용을 담고 있다. 이들 정원 관련 서적의 서술방식은 개론이 55%로 가장 높았고, 방법론의 제시(42.8%), 이기론(15.5%), 분류(12.4%), 제도(1.9%) 순으로 확인되었다. 셋째, 정원 관련 지식정보의 비중을 기준으로 시기별 정원 관련서적들을 분류한 결과 17세기 이전 편찬된 『양화소록』과 『지봉유설』을 전기, 18세기 편찬된 『산림경제』와 『증보산림경제』를 중기, 19세기 편찬된 『임원경제지』가 후기로 분류되었다. 정원 관련서적들은 전대에 수록된 중국 고서와 저자의 경험, 의견들이 후대 정원관련서적에 인용되었으며, 저술 당시 발달한 농업기술과 전문지식을 반영한 정원 관련 지식의 보강이 이루어졌다. 넷째, 시기별 정원 지식정보의 전개와 수용양상을 분석한 결과, 전기에는 사물의 이치를 탐구하기 위한 방법으로 화훼를 다루고 있었다. 이후 18세기에 들어서면서 중국의 방대한 정원 관련 지식정보가 유입되어 사대부들 사이에서도 다양한 지식 섭렵의 일환으로 정원 조성에 대한 당위성을 확보하였으며, 이를 통해 정원에 대한 전문성이 확장되었다. 19세기 정원 조성의 유행에 대응하여 그간에 집적된 정원 관련 지식정보를 바탕으로 전문서적이 저술되면서 초기 정원 식물의 수집과 관리에서부터 정원 조성의 당위성, 조성방법, 향유방식, 자아실현 등의 체계가 정립되었다.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제3권
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• pp.287-316
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• 1999

Cyberspace permits us to more beyond traditional face-to-face, mail and telephone surveys, yet still to examine basic issues regarding the quality of data collection: sampling, questionnaire design, survey distribution, means of response, and database creation. This article address each of these issues by contrasting and comparing traditional survey methods(Paper-and-Pencil) with Internet or Personal Computer networks-mediated (Screen-and-Keyboard) survey methods also introduces researchers to this revolutionary and innovative tool and outlines a variety of practical methods for using the Internet or Personal Computer Networks. The revolution in telecommunications technology has fostered the rapid growth of the Internet all over the world. The Internet is a massive global network and comprising many national and international networks of interconnected computers. The Internet or Personal Computer Networks could be the comprehensive interactive tool that will facilitate the development of the skills. The Internet or Personal Computer Networks provides a virtual frontier to expand our access to information and to increase our knowledge and understanding of public opinion, political behavior, social trends and lifestyles through survey research. Comparable to other technological advancements, the Internet or Personal Computer Networks presents opportunities that will impact significantly on the process and quality of survey research now and in the twenty-first century. There are trade-offs between traditional and the Internet or Personal Computer Networks survey. The Internet or Personal Computer Networks is an important channel for obtaining information for target participants. The cost savings in time, efforts, and material were substantial. The use of the Internet or Personal Computer Networks survey tool will increase the quality of research environment. There are several limitations to the Internet or Personal Computer Network survey approach. It requires the researcher to be familiar with Internet navigation and E-mail, it is essential for this process. The use of Listserv and Newsgroup result in a biased sample of the population of corporate trainers. However, it is this group that participates in technology and is in the fore front of shaping the new organizations of interest, and therefore it consists of appropriate participants. If this survey method becomes popular and is too frequently used, potential respondents may become as annoyed with E-mail as the sometimes are with mail survey and junk mail. Being a member of the Listserv of Newsgroup may moderate that reaction. There is a need to determine efficient, effective ways for the researcher to strip identifiers from E-mail, so that respondents remain anonymous, while simultaneously blocking a respondent from responding to a particular survey instrument more than once. The optimum process would be on that is initiated by the researcher : simple, fast and inexpensive to administer and has credibility with respondents. This would protect the legitimacy of the sample and anonymity. Creating attractive Internet or Personal Computer Networks survey formats that build on the strengths of standardized structures but also capitalize on the dynamic and interactive capability of the medium. Without such innovations in survey design, it is difficult to imagine why potential survey respondents would use their time to answer questions. More must be done to create diverse and exciting ways of building an credibility between respondents and researchers on the Internet or Personal Computer Networks. We believe that the future of much exciting research is based in the Electronic survey research. The ability to communicate across distance, time, and national boundaries offers great possibilities for studying the ways in which technology and technological discourse are shaped. used, and disseminated ; the many recent doctoral dissertations that treat some aspect of electronic survey research testify to the increase focus on the Internet or Personal Computer Networks. Thus, scholars should begin a serious conversation about the methodological issues of conducting research In cyberspace. Of all the disciplines, Internet or Personal Computer Networks, emphasis on the relationship between technology and human communication, should take the lead in considering research in the cyberspace.

• 한국기록관리학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.83-109
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• 2007

이 글은 새로 발굴된 우상 이언진의 비점본 "해람편(海覽篇)"을 중심으로 연구하였다. 내용의 전개는 우상(虞裳) 이언진의 생애(生涯), 우상(虞裳) 이언진의 유고(遺稿)와 문집(文集), "해람편(海覽篇)", 비점본(批點本) "해람편(海覽篇)"의 비점자(批點者) 이용휴(李用休)와 남옥(南玉), 비점본(批點本) "해람편(海覽篇)"과 "송목관집(松穆館集)" "송목관신여고(松穆館燼餘稿)"의 "해람편(海覽篇)" 비교의 순서로 살펴보았다. 이언진은 영조 16년(1740)~영조 42년(1766) 사이의 인물로 역관사가(譯官四家)로 알려진 시인이자 역관이다. 우상의 유고는 유일한 필첩인 "우상잉복(虞裳剩馥)"뿐이며 "우상잉복(虞裳剩馥)"에는 이용휴(李用休)와 남옥(南玉)이 비점을 찍은 "해람편(海覽篇)"과 일본 사행시의 일기 6편, 시 3편, 편지 5편이 실려 있다. 그중 비점본 "해람편(海覽篇)"은 영조40년(1764) 5월28일부터 6월8일 사이에 일기도(壹岐島) 선상에서 기술된 오언시(五言詩)이다. 이 시에는 이언진이 영조 39년(1763) 10월 6일부터 영조 40년(1764) 6월 20일까지 통신사 조엄을 수행하고 한학역관으로 일본에 파견되어 그곳에 머무르는 동안 보고 느낀 것이 생생하게 기술되어 있다. 이용휴와 남옥은 "해람편(海覽篇)"에 각각 청비(靑批) 청관주(淸貫珠) 및 주비(朱批) 주관주(朱貫珠)를 찍어서 해람편의 가치를 높이고 있다. "해람편(海覽篇)"은 네 단계로 구성되어 있다. 제1단계는 일본의 지리적인 위치와 그 풍물에 대한 것을, 제2단계는 대판(大阪)의 발전된 도시의 모습과 문명개화를 통해 운집한 세계의 물산(物産)들을, 제3단계는 일본인의 편향적인 민족성과 종교 및 서민들의 모습을, 제4단계는 일본과의 선린을 묘사하였다. 마지막장에는 비점본 "해람편(海覽篇)"과 "송목관집(松穆館集)" 및 "송목관신여고(松穆館燼餘稿)"에 실린 "해람편(海覽篇)"의 텍스트를 대교하고 그 차이점을 비교함으로써, 비점본 "해람편(海覽篇)"의 본문이 가장 정확하고 문화재로서의 가치가 있음을 밝혔다. 이 논문의 연구결과는 이언진의 연구는 물론 서지학계, 국어학계, 역사학계에 가장 기본적인 연구 성과로 활용될 것이다.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.17-40
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• 1995

Rheumatoid arthritis is the one of the chronic diseases, one of its major symptoms is a chronic pain. Despite developing medical treatment and surgical techniques, it is suggested that to control the pain is the goal of the treatment. But pain is an inner experience and even those closest to the patient cannot truly observe its progress or share in its suffering. The National Academy of Sciences Institute of Medicine's report on Pain and Disability concluded that there is no objective measure of pain-(exactly) no pain thermometer-nor can there ever be one, because the experience of pain is inseparable from personal perception and social influence such as culture. To explore chronic pain experience is to understand the process and property of the patient's perception of pain through the response to pain, the coping with pain, and the adaptation to pain. Therefore a qualitative study was conducted in order to gain an understanding of pain experience of patients with RA in korea. I used naturalistic inquiry as a research methodology, which had 5 axioms, the first is that realities are multiple, constructed, and holistic, the second is that knower and known are interactive, inseparable, the third is only time and context bound working hypotheses(idiographic statements) are possible, the forth is all entities are in a state of mutual simultaneous shaping, so that it is impossible to distinguish causes from effects and the last is that inquiry is value-bound. Purposive sampling was conducted as a sampling. 20 subjects who experienced pain over 10 years, lived in middle-sized city and big city in Korea, and 17 women and 3 men. The subject's age was from 32 to 62 (average 48.8), all were married, living with their spouse and children, except two-one divorced and the other widow before they became ill. I collected data using In depth structured interview. I had interviews two or three times with each subject, and the interviews were conducted at each subject's home. Each interview lasted about two hours an average. A recording was taken with the consent of the subject. I used inductive data analysis-such as unitizing and categorizing. unitizing is a process of coding, whereby raw data are systematically transformed and aggregated into units. Categorizing is a process wherby previously unitized data are organized into categories that provide descriptive or inferential information about the context or setting from which the units were derived. This process is used constant comparative method. The pain controlling process is composed of behavior of pain control. The behaviors of pain control are rearranging of ADL, hiddening role conflict, balancing treatment, and changing social relation. Rearranging of ADL includes diet management, sleep management, and the adjustment of daily life activities. The subjects try to rearrange their daily activities by modified style of motions, rearranging time span & range of activities, using auxillary facilities, and getting help in order to keep on the pace of daily life. Hiddening role conflict means to reduce conflicts between sick role and their role as a family member. In this process, the subjects use two modes, one is to control the pain complaints, and the other is to internalize the value which is to stay home is good for caring her children and being a good mother. To control pain complaints is done by 'enduring', 'understanding' the other family members, or making them undersood in order to reduce pain. Balancing treatment is composed of two aspects. One is to keep the pain within the endurable level, the other is to keep in touch with medical personnel in order to get the information of treatment and emotional support. Changing social relation is made by information seeking and sharing, formation of mutual support relation, and finally simplification of social relationships. The subjects simplify their social relationships by refraining from relations with someone who makes them physically and psychologically strained. In particular the subjects are apt to avoid contact with in-laws, and the change of relation to in-laws results in lessening the family boundary. In the course of this process, they confront the crisis of family confict result in family dissolution. This crisis is related to the threat of self-existence. Findings from this study contribute to understanding the chronic pain experience. To advance this study, we should compare this result with other cases in different cultural contexts. I think to interpret these results, korean cultural background should be considered. Especially the different family concept, more broader family members and kinship network, and the traditional medical knowledge influences patients' behavior.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.239-282
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• 2019

The importance of ADR(Alternative Dispute Resolution), which has the advantage of expertise, speed and neutrality due to the increase of arbitration cases due to domestic and foreign construction disputes, has emerged. Therefore, in order for the nation's arbitration system and the arbitration Organization to jump into the ranks of advanced international mediators, it is necessary to research the characteristics and advantages of these arbitration Organization through a study of prior domestic and foreign research and operation of international arbitration Organization. As a problem, First, education for the efficient promotion of arbitrators (compulsory education, maintenance education, specialized education, seminars, etc.). second, The effectiveness of arbitration in resolving construction disputes (hearing methods, composition of the tribunal, and speed). third, The issue of flexibility and diversity of arbitration solutions (the real problem of methodologies such as mediation and arbitration) needs to be drawn on the Arbitration laws and practical problems, such as laws, rules and guidelines. Therefore, Identify the problems presented in the preceding literature and diagnosis of the defects and problems of the KCAB by drawing features and benefits from the arbitration system operated by the international arbitration Institution. As an improvement, the results of an empirical analysis are derived for "arbitrator" simultaneously through a recognition survey. As a method of improvement, First, as an optimal combination of arbitration hearing and judgment in the settlement of construction disputes,(to improve speed). (1) A plan to improve the composition of the audit department according to the complexity, specificity, and magnification of the arbitration cases - (1)Methods to cope with the increased role of the non-lawyer(Specialist, technical expert). (2)Securing technical mediators for each specialized expert according to the large and special corporation arbitration cases. (2) Improving the method of writing by area of the arbitration guidelines, second, Introduction of the intensive hearing system for psychological efficiency and the institutional improvement plan (1) Problems of optimizing the arbitration decision hearing procedure and resolution of arbitration, and (2) Problems of the management of technical arbitrators of arbitration tribunals. (1)A plan to expand hearing work of technical arbitrator(Review on the introduction of the Assistant System as a member of the arbitration tribunals). (2)Improved use of alternative appraisers by tribunals(cost analysis and utilization of the specialized institution for calculating construction costs), Direct management of technical arbitrators : A Study on the Improvement of the Assessment Reliability of the Appraisal and the Appraisal Period. third, Improvement of expert committee system and new method, (1) Creating a non-executive technical committee : Special technology affairs, etc.(Major, supports pre-qualification of special events and coordinating work between parties). (2) Expanding the standing committee.(Added expert technicians : important, special, large affairs / pre-consultations, pre-coordination and mediation-arbitration). This has been shown to be an improvement. In addition, institutional differentiation to enhance the flexibility and diversity of arbitration. In addition, as an institutional differentiation to enhance the flexibility and diversity of arbitration, First, The options for "Med-Arb", "Arb-Med" and "Arb-Med-Arb" are selected. second, By revising the Agreement Act [Article 28, 2 (Agreement on Dispute Resolution)], which is to be amended by the National Parties, the revision of the arbitration settlement clause under the Act, to expand the method to resolve arbitration. third, 2017.6.28. Measures to strengthen the status role and activities of expert technical arbitrators under enforcement, such as the Act on Promotion of Interestments Industry and the Information of Enforcement Decree. Fourth, a measure to increase the role of expert technical Arbitrators by enacting laws on the promotion of the arbitration industry is needed. Especially, the establishment of the Act on Promotion of Intermediation Industry should be established as an international arbitration agency for the arbitration system. Therefore, it proposes a study of improvement and differentiation measures in the details and a policy, legal and institutional improvement and legislation.

• 중소기업연구
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.1-39
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• 2017

1960~1970년대 창업했던 경영 1세대들이 평생을 바쳐 일군 기업을 다음세대에 승계해야 하는 중요한 시기를 맞이하여 가업 승계에 대한 고민이 증가하고 있는 상황이다. 가업승계 대상을 선정하는 과정에서 가족이나 내부직원에게 가업을 승계하는 형태, 매각 또는 외부 전문가 영입 등 다양한 승계형태를 고려하는 것이 필요하다. 해외에서는 가족기업의 가업승계에 대한 중요성을 인식하고 가업승계에 미치는 영향요인, 가업승계의 특성, 유형 등 다각화된 연구를 진행하고 그 결과를 바탕으로 관련 정책 개발 및 가업승계 지원에 활용하고 있다. 하지만, 국내에서는 아직까지 가족기업의 가업승계와 관련된 연구가 많이 이루어지지 않았고, 일반적인 기업승계 형태에 대한 연구가 주를 이루고 있다. 국내 경제에서 차지하는 비중 및 영향력을 감안하였을 때, 가족기업에 대한 체계적인 연구를 통해 가족기업의 가업승계에 대한 이슈를 해결해 줄 수 있는 가이드라인 및 정책개발이 필요한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 국내 가족기업의 가업승계에 대한 현황을 파악하기 위해 국내 540개 중소가족기업체 자료를 이용하여 Gomez-Mejia와 동료들(2007)이 주장하는 행동대리 이론(Behavioral Agency Theory)관점에서 사회 정서적 가치(SEW) 5영역을 중심으로 가족기업의 주요한 특성이 승계유형에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 실증분석 결과, 비 재무적 특성인 기업업력, 사회 공헌의 변수는 가족승계 > 내부승계 > 외부승계 순서로, 지식자산은 내부승계 > 가족승계 > 외부승계 순서로, 가족의 경영참여는 가족승계 > 외부승계 순서로 승계유형 선택에 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 사회 공헌 특성이 승계유형 선택에 가장 많은 영향을 미쳤다. 재무적인 요인인 경영성과나 R&D 투자 변수는 승계 유형 선택에 유의한 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 연립경영의 경우 가족승계 확률이 높았고, 연립경영은 R&D 투자, 사회공헌, 기업업력 변수가 가족기업으로 선택하는 것을 강화하는 조절효과가 있었다. 본 연구에서 사용된 행동대리인 이론이 가업승계에 설명력이 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 가족기업은 사회 정서적 가치(SEW)를 유지하려는 성향이 크며, 일반적인 상장 대기업의 경우와는 달리 중소가족기업에서는 성과 등 재무적인 요인이 아니라 오랜 업력을 바탕으로 축적된 노하우, 사회 공헌 등 비재무적인 요인이 승계에 많은 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 기업가의 가업승계에 실무적인 도움이 될 것으로 기대하며, 정부의 정책 개발에 가이드라인을 제시할 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.53-79
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• 2010

The study was originated from recognition that project participants' satisfaction should be Improved to raise project performance and to make progress of a successful project since the above dissatisfaction was operated as a danger factor of the project. The study selected one large-scale sample project and attempted measuring characteristics of the project, participants' satisfaction and project performance with the whole project participants. The study analyzed correlations between individual level (team members) and group level (development team), and examined what effect a sub project manager under complicated hierarchical organization of the large-scale project, namely PL (project leader)'s leadership style had on each individual project participant's satisfaction and what effect project uncertainty in organization/technology environment had on project participants' satisfaction and project performance. The study verified that development team (group) had an effect on team member (individual)-level project participants' satisfaction by disclosing that there was a significant dispersion among groups within project participants' satisfaction by each individual. It is analyzed that it is necessary to make improvement through approach by each pertinent team to raise individual-level project participants' satisfaction. The study also verified PL's ideal leadership under strict methodology and hierarchical control of the large-scale project. Based on the verification of the hypotheses, the results of the analysis were produced as follows. First, the development team affects the satisfaction level that an individual has when he/she participates in a project. This suggests that the satisfaction with project participation should be improved at the team level. In addition, the project management style and leadership orientation of the manager of a sub project who is mostly affected by the team proved to have a direct influence on the satisfaction with project participation and project performances. Second, both the performance-oriented leadership and the relationship-oriented leadership of the PL of the development team were verified to have a significant effect on the satisfaction of the team members associated with project participation. In other words, when the team members recognize that the PL of the development team shows both the performance-oriented leadership and the relationship-oriented leadership, their satisfaction with project participation increases accordingly. Third, it was verified that the uncertainty of the organizational environment significantly affects the satisfaction level when the PL of the development team exerts a relationship-oriented and performance-oriented leadership. The higher the uncertainty of the organizational environment is, the more the satisfaction with project participation decreases whereas the relationship-oriented leadership has a more positive effect on the satisfaction than the performance-oriented leadership style. Fourth, when the PL of the development team exerts the relationship-related and performance-related leadership, the uncertainty of the technological environment has a significant influence on the satisfaction level. The higher the uncertainty of the technological environment is, the more the satisfaction with project participation decreases whereas the performance-oriented leadership has a more positive effect on the satisfaction than the relationship-oriented leadership style. The result of the research on the uncertainty of the project environment suggests that when the development team leader exerts a relationship-oriented and performance-oriented leadership style, the uncertainty of the organizational environment has a significant effect on the satisfaction with project participation; the higher the uncertainty of the organizational environment, the more the satisfaction level decreases, and the relationship-oriented leadership style affects the satisfaction level more positively than the performance-oriented leadership style. In addition, when the development team leader displays a relationship-oriented and performance-oriented leadership style, the uncertainty of the technological environment has a significant effect on the satisfaction with project participation; the higher the uncertainty of the technological environment. the more the satisfaction level decreases. The performance-oriented leadership style as well affects the satisfaction level more positively than the relationship-oriented leadership style. Based on the above results, the research provides the following implications when handling multiple concurrent projects. First, the satisfaction with the participation in the multiple concurrent projects needs to be enhanced at the team (group) level. Second. the manager of the project team, particularly the middle managers should have both a performance-oriented and relationship (task and human)-oriented attitude and exert a consolidated leadership in order to improve the satisfaction of team members with project participation and their performances. Third, as the uncertainty factor of the technological and organizational environment among the characteristics factors of the project has room for methodological improvement depending on one's effort even though there are some complications, we need to continuously prevent and control the risks resulting from the uncertainties of the technological and organizational environment of the project in order to enhance the satisfaction of project participation and project performances. Fourth, the performance (task)-oriented leadership is required when there is uncertainty in a technological environment while the relationship (human)-oriented leadership is required when there is uncertainty in an organizational environment. This research has the following limitations. First, this research intended to select one large-sized sample project and measure the project characteristics, the satisfaction of all the participants associated with project participation, and their performances. Therefore, it is inappropriate to generalize and apply the result of this result onto other numerous projects. Second, as this case study entailed a survey to measure the characteristics factors and performance of the project, since the result value was based on the perception of project team members, the data may have insufficient objectivity. Third, though this research targeted on all the project participants, some development teams did not provide sufficient data and questionnaires were collected from some specific development teams among the 23 development teams, causing a significant deviation in the response rate among the development teams. Therefore, we need to continuously conduct the follow-up researches making comparisons among the multiple projects, and centering on the characteristics factors of the project and its satisfaction level.

• 재활간호학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.257-270
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to investigate factors related to the intent of using home nursing of chronic disease patients who got out of a university hospital. For the purpose, the study selected 153 patients who were hospitalized and left K university hospital with diagnoses of cancer, hypertension, diabetes and cerebral vascular accident and ordered to be discharged and performed interviews with them and surveys on their medical records to obtain the following results. For this study a direct-interview survey and medical record review was conducted from June 28 to Aug. 30, 1998. The frequency and mean values were computed to find the characteristics of the study subjects, and $X^2$-test, t-test, factor analysis and multiple logistic regession analysis were applied for the analysis of the data. The following results were obtained. 1) When characteristics of the subjects were examined, men and women occupied for 58.8% and 41.2%, respectively. The subjects were 41.3 years old in aver age and had the monthly aver age earning of 0.99 million won or below, which was the most out of the total subjects at 34.6%. Among the total, 87.6% resided in cities and 12.4 in counties. The most left the hospital with diagnosis of cancer at 51.6%, followed by hyper tension at 24.2%, diabetes at 13.7% and cerebral vascular accident at 7.2%. 2) 93.5% of the selected patients had the intent of using home nursing and 6.5%, didn't. Among those patients having the intent, 85.6% had the intent of paying for home nursing and 14.4%, didn't. The subjects expected that the nursing would be paid 9,143 won in aver age and 47.7% of them preferred national authorities as the main servers. 86.3% of the subjects thought that home nursing business had the main advantage of making it possible to learn nursing methods at home and thereby contributing to improving the ability of patients and their facilities to solve health problems. 3) Relations between the intent of use and characteristics of the subjects such as demography-related social, home environment, disease and physical function characteristics did not show statistically significant differences among one another. Compared to those who had no intent of using home nursing, the group having the intent had more cases of male patients, the age of 39 or below, residence in cities, 5 family member s or more, no existence of home nursing servers, leaving the hospital from a non-hospitalized building, disease development for five months or below, hospitalization for ten days or more, non-hospitalization with in the recent one month, two times or over of hospitalization, leaving the hospital with no demand of special treatment, operation underwent, poor results of treatment, leaving the hospital with demand of rehabilitation services, physical disablement and high evaluation point of daily life. 4) Among those patients having the intent of using home nursing, 47.6% demanded technical nursing and 55.9%, supportive nursing. As technical nursing,' inject into a blood vessel ' and 'treat pustule and teach basic prevention methods occupied for 57.4%, respectively, topping the list. Among demands of supportive nursing, 'observe patients 'status and refer them to hospitals or community resources as available, if necessary' was the most with percent age point of 59.5. Regarding the intent of paying for home nursing, 39.2% of those patients wishing to use the nursing responded paying for technical services and 20.2, supportive services. In detail, 70.0% wanted to pay for a service stated as 'inject into a blood vessel', highest among the former services and 30.7%, a service referred to as 'teaching exercises needed to make the body of patients move', highest among the latter. When this was analyzed in terms of a relation between the need(the need for home nursing) and the demand(the intent of paying for home nursing), The rate of the need to the demand was found two or three times higher in technical nursing(0.82) than in supportive nursing(0.35). In aspects of tech ical nursing, muscle injection(1.26, the 1st rank) was highest in the rate while among aspects of supportive nursing, a service referred to as 'teach exercises needed for making patients move their bodies normally'(0.58, the 1st rank). 5) factors I(satisfaction with hospital services), II(recognition of disease state), III(economy) and IV(period of disease) occupied for 34.4, 13.8, 11.9 and 9.2 percents, respectively among factors related to the intent by the subjects of using home nursing, totaled 59.3%. In conclusion, most of chronic disease patients have the intent of using hospital-based home nursing and satisfaction with hospital services is a factor affecting the intent most. Thus a post-management system is needed to continue providing health management to those patients after they leave the hospital. Further, supportive services should be provided in order that those who are satisfied with hospital services return to their community and live their in dependent lives. Based on these results, the researcher would make the following recommendation. 1) Because home nursing becomes more and more needed due to a sharp increase in chronic disease patients and elderly people, related rules and regulations should be made and implemented. 2) Hospital nurses specializing in home nursing should be cultivated.