• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.407-414
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• 2013

Full scale livestock wastewater treatment plant (100 t/d) was constructed and operated to develop compact and cost effective treatment process for public plant as well as individual farm. Liquid form of livestock wastewater after belt press filter was treated through MBR/NF/RO. NF/RO brine water was mixed with livestock wastewater sludge and treated using denitrification, coagulation and air flotation process. Mixed effluent of NF/RO and air flotation meet public livestock wastewater treatment standard, BOD, T-N and T-P, 30 mg/L, 60 mg/L, 8 mg/L below, respectively. Condensed sludge of air flotation returned belt press filter. Dewatered cake contained 90% water and could be used fertilizer after mixing sawdust.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.289-296
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• 2005

In the MBR process, the membrane fouling occurs seriously on the membrane surface. In general, the membrane fouling is attributed to factors such as deposition or adhesion of sludge floc. The occurrence of fouling is a main cause of a decrease in membrane module fluk. At this study, our MBR membrane is manufactured by nano-particle with excellent anti-fouling character. The fine nano-material which can repel the sludge Hoc from the membrane surface is distributed in the membrane surface. We confirm anti-fouling effect, test continuously in the pilot site.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.21-28
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• 2007

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT) on removal efficiencies of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus in MBR-RO process for treating synthetic sewage. In MBR process, turbidity was less than average 2 NTU and average removal efficiency showed more than 99% during the operation period(MBR 105 day). As a result of HRT variation, average removal efficiencies of $COD_{Cr}$ on HRT 6, 12, 18 and 24hour were about 72.4, 84, 88.6 and 92.5%, respectively. The $NH_4{^+}-N$ removal efficiency was about 60.2 85.5, 91.3 and 92.2%, respectively. T-N and T-P removal efficiencies increased from 53.7 and 56.8 to 82.5 and 86.4%, respectively as the HRT increased from 6 hour to 24 hour. In RO process, average removal efficiencies of color and $COD_{Cr}$ in RO permeate were about 99.9% and 96.8%, respectively. Also, removal efficiencies of T-N, $NH_4{^+}-N$, $NO_3{^-}-N$ and T-P were all above average 90%.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.170-178
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• 2001

PVC microfiltration membrane was prepared by phase immersion method and applied to membrane bioreactor (MBR) contained activated sludge. The hydrophilicity of membrane and the pore size increase with the amount of additive(PVP) ducting the preparation of membrane. Permeation characteristics and the membrane fouling behavior were investigated by varying the internal environment in MBR using the prepared membranes. When there is a sludge bulking in MBR caused by microorganism, membrane fouling was accumulated. The cake layer resistance, R$_{c}$, of membrane increased in the order of CP-0 > CP-1.0 > CP-1.5. Rc increased up to 3.5~7 fold where the sludge bulking occurred in MBR. CP-1.5 seems to be appropriated membrane on the basis of the surface characteristics and the flux. The average flux of all the test membrane was 12(${\pm}$2) L/$m^2$hr whereas the COD removal efficiency was 98.8%. The ratio of bulking sludge and the type and the size of microorganism in operating MBR accelerate the membrane fouling and flux decline. It is concluded that the characteristic of membrane filtration depends on the hydrophilicity of membrane, the internal environment of MBR reactor and the growth factor of sludge.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.383-390
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• 2011

In this study, a process combined biofiltration with sulfur-utilizing autotrophic denitrification and membrane separation was proposed to examine the efficiency of nitrogen removal. As an experimental device, hollow-fiber module was installed in the center of reactor to generate the flux forward sulfur layer in the cylinder packed with granular sulfur. In addition, a simple module was installed in activated sludge aeration tank which inside and outside of sulfur-using denitrification module was covered with microfilter and the module was considered as an alternative of clarifier. The experiment for developing new MBR process was carried out for three years totally. As the results of first two-year experiment, successful nitrogen removal performance was revealed with lab-scale test and pliot scale plant using artificial wastewater and actual plating wastewater. In this year, pilot scale test using actual domestic wastewater was performed to prove field applicability. As the results, high-rate nitrogen removal performance was confirmed with about 0.19 kg ${NO_3}^--N/m^3$ day of rate. Also significant fouling and pressure increase were not found during the experiment. And, the production ratio of sulfate and the consumption ratio of alkalinity showed a slightly higher value about 311 mg ${SO_4}^{2-}/L$ and 369 mg $CaCO_3$/L, respectively. In conclusion, the developed MBR process can be utilized as an alternative for retrofiting existing wastewater plants as well as new construction of advanced sewage wastewater treatment plants, with cost-effective merit.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.93-101
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• 2017

In this study, the microbubbles were applied to the MBR process for night soil treatment, and the removal efficiency was estimated. As a result of the this study, when the microbubble was supplied directly to the aerobic tank in which the membrane was submerged, excessive scum was generated so could not stable operation of the process. The SS removal efficiencies in the pre-treatment tank were 74.3%, 82.8%, 75.0%, 52.1% on average at the 2 kg, 4 kg, 6 kg, and $8kg\;COD_{Cr}/m^3$, respectively. The mean removal efficiencies were more than 99.4%, 94.0%, 74.1% for SS, $TCOD_{Cr}$, $SCOD_{Cr}$ by MBR process. On the other hand, when the microbubble are directly supplied to the aerobic tank, the microbubble and the scum are attached each other to accelerate the fouling. Therefore, it can be confirmed that stable treatment can be achieved by applying microbubble to the front of the bioreactor for removal of SS and oxidation of organic matters in high concentration organic wastewater treatment such as night soil.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.10D no.2
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• pp.195-210
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• 2003

In this paper, we propose an enhanced concurrency control algorithm that maximizes the concurrency of multi-dimensional index structures. The factors that deteriorate the concurrency of index structures are node splits and minimum bounding region (MBR) updates in multi-dimensional index structures. The proposed concurrency control algorithm introduces PLC(Partial Lock Coupling) technique to avoid lock coupling during MBR updates. Also, a new MBR update method that allows searchers to access nodes where MBR updates are being performed is proposed. To reduce the performance degradation by node splits the proposed algorithm holds exclusive latches not during whole split time but only during physical node split time that occupies the small part of a whole split process. For performance evaluation, we implement the proposed concurrency control algorithm and one of the existing link technique-based algorithms on MIDAS-3 that is a storage system of a BADA-4 DBMS. We show through various experiments that our proposed algorithm outperforms the existing algorithm in terms of throughput and response time. Also, we propose a recovery protocol for our proposed concurrency control algorithm. The recovery protocol is designed to assure high concurrency and fast recovery.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.386-393
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to investigate the nutrient removal and biomass productivity in the wastewater using MMBR (Microalgae Membrane Bioreactor). MMBR process was combined OPPBR (Optical Panel Photobioreactor) and MBR (Membrane bioreactor). The OPPBR and MBR were operated 3 days and 9h HRT (Hydraulic retention time), respectively, using microalgae as Chlorella vulgaris. The obtained result indicated that the biomass productivity of 0.498 g/L/d with light transmittance of 92% at a 305 mm depth in the OPPBR was achieved. The total consumption of BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) and COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) in the MMBR were found to be 97.56% and 96.06%, respectively. Additionally, the removal of TN, $NO_3-N$, TP and $PO_4-P$ were 94.94%, 91.04%, 99.54% and 93.06% in MMBR, respectively. These results indicated that the MMBR process was highly effective for COD, BOD and nutrient removal when compared to the separate OPPBR or MBR process. The MMBR process was effective for nutrient removal and biomass productivity and can be applied to treat wastewater in sewage treatment plant.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.63-68
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• 2014

Manufacturing facility for non-alcoholic drink, the parts of the food industry, disposes wastewater which includes high organic concentration and low nitrogen, phosphorus concentration. For this kind of wastewater, the treatment plant consists mainly of aerobic reactor and chemical coagulation process. And sand-filter or activated carbon process is normally installed further. However, aerobic reactor must have long HRT to treat high concentration of organic contaminant included in this wastewater, so the large site area is required. And settling tank which is normally applied for wastewater treatment facility has some problems such as water quality degradation caused by the sludge spill. To solve these problems, we applied MBR system for the wastewater. And the MBR pilot plant was installed nearby the wastewater treatment facility of W food factory and operated during long term to evaluate treatment efficiency. This plant was operated about 3 months and than the result was 97% of organic removal rate on conditions of flow rate $20m^3/day$, HRT 29 hr, recycle 4Q. However, contaminant removal ratio of bio-reactor decreased and TMP of membrane increased rapidly on more conditions.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.5-16
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• 2021

In this study, the applicability of the MBR(Membrane Bio Reactor) process of oxygen dissolve was evaluated through comparison and evaluation of the efficiency of oxygen dissolve device and conventional aeration device in the explosive tank within the MBR process. The organic matter and ammonia oxidation by oxygen dissolve device were evaluated, and the efficiency of persaturation was evaluated by applying real waste water (anaerobic digester effluent treatement from food waste). SCOD and ammonia removal rates for oxygen dissolve device and conventional aeration device methods were similar. However, it was determined that the excess sludge treatment cost could be reduced as the yield of microorganisms by oxygen dissolve device is about 0.03 g MLSS-produced/g SCOD-removed lower than that of microorganisms by conventional aeration device. The removal rates of high concentrations of organic matter (4,000 mg/L) and ammonia (1,400 mg/L) in anaerobic digester effluent treatment from food waste were compared to the conventional aeration device and the oxygen dissolve device organic matter removal rate was approximately 13% higher than that of the conventional aeration device. In addition, for MLSS, the conventional aeration device was 0.3 times higher than for oxygen dissolve device. This is believed to be due to the high progress of sludge autooxidation because the dissolved oxygen is sufficiently maintained and supplied in the explosive tank for oxygen dissolve device. Therefore, it was determined that the use of oxygen dissolve device will be more economical than conventional aeration device as a way to treat wastewater containing high concentrations of organic matter.