• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.14-17
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• 2017

The effect of cationization agent concentration on glycan detection via matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was investigated using $Na^+$ ions in the form of NaCl as the cationization agent. NaCl solution concentrations ranging from 1 mM to 1 M were investigated. Glycans from ovalbumin were mixed with the cationization agent solution and the 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,5-DHB) matrix solution in a volume ratio of 1:1:1. The resulting mixture was loaded onto the MALDI plate. Two MALDI-TOF MS instruments (Voyager DE-STR MALDI-TOF MS and Tinkerbell RT MALDI-TOF MS) were used for detection of glycans. The best detection, in terms of the number of identified glycans, the peak intensity, and the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, was obtained with NaCl concentrations of 0.01-0.1 M for both MALDI-TOF MS instruments.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.263-271
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• 2017

The application of mass spectrometry to polymer science has rapidly increased since the development of MALDI-TOF MS. This review summarizes current polymer analysis methods using MALDI-TOF MS, which has been extensively applied to analyze the average molecular weight of biopolymers and synthetic polymers. Polymer sequences have also been analyzed to reveal the structures and composition of monomers. In addition, the analysis of unknown end-groups and the determination of polymer concentrations are very important applications. Hyphenated techniques using MALDI-tandem MS have been used for the analysis of fragmentation patterns and end-groups, and also the combination of SEC and MALDI-TOF MS techniques is recommended for the analysis of complex polymers. Moreover, MALDI-TOF MS has been utilized for the observation of polymer degradation. Ion mobility MS, TOF-SIMS, and MALDI-TOF-imaging are also emerging technologies for polymer characterization because of their ability to automatically fractionate and localize polymer samples. The determination of polymer characteristics and their relation to the material properties is one of the most important demands for polymer scientists; the development of software and instrument for higher molecular mass range (> 100 kD) will increase the applications of MALDI-TOF MS for polymer scientists.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.145-156
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• 2022

Over the past few decades, few technologies have had a greater impact on clinical microbiology laboratories than matrix-assisted laser desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The MALDI-TOF MS is a fast, accurate, and low-cost and efficient method of microbial identification. This technology generates characteristic mass spectral fingerprints that is a unique signature for each microorganism, making it an ideal method for accurate identification at the genus and species levels of both bacterial and fastidious microorganism such as anaerobes, mycobacterium and fungi etc. In addition, MALDI-TOF MS has been successfully used in microbial subtyping and susceptibility tests such as determination of resistance genes. In this study, the authors summarized the application of MALDI-TOF MS in clinical microbiology and clinical research and explored the future of MALDI-TOF MS.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.134-143
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• 2005

Collagen is the important structural proteins in mammals with various peptide composition and cross-linkings. The direct analysis of collagen protein was not suitable because of its structural complexity and diversity. In this study, we suggest the simple way of collagen analysis by introducing matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) to identify the collagen and its trypsin-digested fragments, and by subsequent time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry(Q-TOF MS/MS) to analyze the amino acid sequences of identified fragments. Using the collagen samples extracted from the tail of mouse, 10 separated bands were found in SDS-PAGE, and the masses of most bands could be more finely determined by MALDI-TOF MS. When each 10 separated proteins was tryptic digested and introduced to MALDI-TOF, the Gly1056-Arg1073 fragment from $\alpha_1$-chain was identified in four bands, and the Gly1056-Arg1073 fragment from $\alpha_2$-chain was identified in five bands, both in type I collagen. Although few fragments were found because of the cross-linkings left in digested collagen sample, it could be determined that the type I collagen existed at least in 7 separated bands. When the amino acid sequences of two identified fragments were analyzed by Q-TOF MS/MS, both sequences were identical with those determined by MALDI-TOF MS. It suggested that the two peaks in MALDI-TOF MS caused by the fragments identified in this work could be used as the fingerprint to simply identify type I collagen in protein samples.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.84-87
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• 2019

Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry is widely employed in proteomics studies. One of such instruments is the Liquid Chromatography (LC)-Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation (MALDI)-Time of flight (TOF) or LC-MALDI-TOF/TOF. In this study, this instrument was used to identify the membrane proteins of a protozoan parasite namely Entamoeba histolytica. It causes amoebiasis in human. The E. histolytica trophozoites were cultured prior to the membrane protein extraction using the conventional method, $ProteoPrep^{(R)}$ and $ProteoExtract^{(R)}$ kits. Then, the membrane protein extracts were trypticdigested and analysed by LC-MALDI-TOF/TOF. Approximately, 194 proteins were identified and 27.8% (54) were predicted as membrane proteins having 1 to 15 transmembrane regions and signal peptides by combining all three extraction methods. Also, this study has discovered 3 unique proteins as compared to our previous study which merit further investigation.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.56-60
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• 2018

In this study, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) was applied to the TEMPO-assisted FRIPS for the first time. We found that 3-HPA is the optimal matrix for the analysis of p-TEMPO-Bz-Sc-peptides, which gives minimal precursor fragmentations. MALDI-TOF/TOF experiments on p-TEMPO-Bz-Sc-peptides yielded mainly $[a_n+H]^+$, $[z_n+H]^+$, and $[y_n]^+-type$ products, indicating that radical-driven peptide fragmentation occurs in MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.61-64
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• 2011

Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time-of-Flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) is the most widely used MS technique for glycan analysis. However, the poor point-to-point and sample-to-sample reproducibility becomes a limit in glycan biomarker research. A prespotted MALDI plate which overcomes the large crystal formation of 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) has been developed and applied for glycan analysis. A homogeneous matrix coated surface without a crystal structure was formed on a hydrophilic/ hydrophobic patterned surface using a piezoelectric device. The reproducible MALDI-TOF-MS data have been presented using MALDI imaging of beer glycan as well as serum glycan eluted from 10% and 20% ACN elution fractions. The glycan profile from the serum glycan by MALDI-TOF-MS with a DHB prespotted plate was highly conserved for 10 different spectra and the coefficient of variations of significant ion peaks of MALDI data varies from 3.59 to 19.95.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.244-252
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• 2023

The timeliness and accuracy of test results are crucial factors for clinicians to decide and promptly administer effective and targeted antimicrobial therapy, especially in life-threatening infections or when vital organs and functions, such as sight, are at risk. Further research is needed to refine and optimize matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS)-based assays to obtain accurate and reliable results in the shortest time possible. MALDI-TOF MS-based bacterial identification focuses primarily on techniques for isolating and purifying pathogens from clinical samples, the expansion of spectral libraries, and the upgrading of software. As technology advances, many MALDI-based microbial identification databases and systems have been licensed and put into clinical use. Nevertheless, it is still necessary to develop MALDI-TOF MS-based antimicrobial-resistance analysis for comprehensive clinical microbiology characterization. The important applications of MALDI-TOF MS in clinical research include specific application categories, common analytes, main methods, limitations, and solutions. In order to utilize clinical microbiology laboratories, it is essential to secure expertise through education and training of clinical laboratory scientists, and database construction and experience must be maximized. In the future, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry is expected to be applied in various fields through the use of more powerful databases.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.763-768
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• 2005

An improved tandem time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer for the photodissociation (PD) study of ions generated by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI), MALDI-TOF-PD-TOF, has been designed and constructed. Recording a full spectrum with better than unit mass resolution even in low mass range has been achieved without reflectron voltage stepping which was needed in the previous version. Other aspects of the improvement, such as those in the data system which now allow 10-100 times faster spectral acquisition than with the previous instrument, are described. Rationale for the ideas which have led to the improvements is presented also.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09b
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• pp.480-507
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• 2003

A rapid and efficient method for analyzing the nonionic surfactants and silicone polymers, which control the shape and characteristics of cosmetic products and give influence on product quality, has been developed using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI- TOF IMS). The MALDI-TOF/MS could easily and effectively determine the molecular weight distribution and monomer units of nonionic surfactants. As a result, creating a library of mass spectrum data of surfactants used in cosmetic products using MALDI-TOF/MS and analyzing surfactants extracted from the products may become a useful method for detailed structural characterization of the surfactants. Furthermore, the MALDI-TOF/MS analysis was effective in obtaining the spectrum of silicone polymers from which the molecular weight distribution could be determined. The repetition units and structural data could also be obtained through molecular mass peaks. Additionally, the monomer ratio and terminal groups as properties of silicone copolymers could be determined