• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.125.2-125
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• 2003

Since 2000, severe rots on aerial and underground parts of paprika( Capsicum annum L.) has occurred in most cultivation glasshouses throughout the country. Totally 169 isolates of a fungus were consistently isolated from the diseased plant tissues of fruits, stems, branches, and roots collected from 19 farms in six provinces. Anamorph stage of the fungus was identified as Fusarium solani based on morphological characteristics. However, the fungus readily produced sexual structure of perithecia on infected plant tissues and on agar medium. Since the fungus formed abundant perithecia by single isolate, it was considered as a homothallic strain of Nectria hematococn, the teleomorph of F. solani. Irregularly globose perithecia with orange to red color formed sparsely to gregariously on dead tissues of fruits and basal stems at the 3ate infection stage, which is a diagnostic sign for the disease. Abundancy of perithecium varied among isolates and they sized 125-220$\mu\textrm{m}$ in diam. Asci enveloping eight ascospores were cylindrical and measured 60-80x8-12$\mu\textrm{m}$. Ellipsoid to obovate ascospores are two-celled and measured 11-l8${\times}$4-7$\mu\textrm{m}$. Ascospores are hyaline, slightly constricted at the central septum, and revealed longitudinal striations that is a typical trait of the species. This fungus that has never been reported in Korea previously became a threat to paprika cultivation because of its strong pathogenicity and nationwide distribution.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.181-183
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• 2003

Corky root symptoms caused by Pyrenochaeta lycopersici were observed on the roots and stem base of tomato plants in Korea. Symptoms on infected plants typically appeared as stunting and generally lacking vigor, and infected plants die back from the foliage tips after fruits have set. Brown lesions appearing with bands around the roots were characteristic symptoms of the disease. The lesions become swollen and cracked along the length of the root with corky appearance. Based on cultural and morphological characteristics, the fungus from the diseased plants was identified as Pyrenochaeta lycopersici. Pycnidia were solitary, globose to subglobose, brown to black, darker around the neck region, and measured 173-215 $\mu\textrm{m}$ in diameter with septate setae up to 102-132$\times$6.5 $\mu\textrm{m}$. Conidia were hyaline, unicellular, and 4.2-4.7$\times$l.5-2.0 $\mu\textrm{m}$ long. Optimum temperature for mycelial growth of the p. lycopersici isolates ranged from $20^{\circ}C$ to $25^{\circ}C$. Fifteen isolates off lycopersici were tested for pathogenicity to susceptible and tolerant cultivars of tomato plants by artificial inoculation. Three isolates of P. lycopersici induced typical corky root discoloration on susceptible tomato cultivars but not on tolerant tomato. This is the Erst report in Korea of tomato corky root disease caused by P. lycopersici.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.317-321
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• 2005

Since 2000 severe rots on aerial and underground parts of paprika (Capsicum annum L.) has occurred in most surveyed glasshouses throughout the country. A total of 56 isolates of a fungus were consistently isolated from various plant parts such as fruit, stem, branch, and root collected from 16 farms in five provinces. Anamorph stage of the fungus was identified as Fusarium solani based on its morphological characteristics. However, the fungus readily produced a sexual structure of perithecia on infected plant tissues and on agar media. Since the fungus formed abundant perithecium by a single isolate, it was considered as a homothallic strain of Nectria haematococca, the teleomorph of F. solani. Irregularly globose perithecia with orange to red color formed sparsely to gregariously on dead tissues of fruits and basal stems at the late infection stage, which is a diagnostic sign for the disease. Perithecia ranged from 125 to 220 ${\mu}m$ in diameter varied among isolates. Asci enveloping eight ascospores were cylindrical and measured 60-80x8-12 ${\mu}m$. Ellipsoid to obovate ascospores are two-celled and measured 11-18x4-7 ${\mu}m$. Ascospores were hyaline, slightly constricted at the central septum, and revealed longitudinal striations that is characteristic of the species. This fungus that has never been reported in Korea has previously become a threat to paprika cultivation because of its strong pathogenicity and nationwide distribution.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2008

식충식물의 잎은 결핍된 양분을 보충하기 위해 곤충을 유인하여 포획할 수 있는 포충엽으로 변형된다. 식충식물 표피조직에 발달하는 분비모는 특수한 모용으로 곤충포칙에 필요한 성분을 분비하여 먹이를 소화하고 흡수할 수 있도록 발달한다. 본 연구에서는 긴잎끈끈이주걱 (Drosera anglica Huds.) 엽신에 발달하는 여러 유형의 분비모 발달양상을 주사 및 투과전자현미경적인 방법으로 연구하였다. 포충엽 발달초기 엽원기 단계에서는 엽신이 접혀진 상태로 분화하여 상피조직은 노출되지 않으며, 하피조직에는 비분비모 및 모용원기들이 발달한다. 또한, 엽연이 접힌 상태로 어린 잎의 단계를 거치나 엽연에 발달하는 분비모는 기저부위만 노출되고 이들의 두정부위 및 다른 유형의 분비모들은 접힌 내부에 발달하여 보호된다. 병세포가 매우 길게 신장하는 엽연의 분비모에는 곤충 포획 시 가장 신속하게 식충의 기작을 수행하기 위한 세포수준에서의 구조분화도 수반된다. 엽연에는 긴 병세포를 지닌 약 $2.2{\sim}5.1\;mm$의 globose 분비모 (Type I)가 발달한 반면, 엽신의 내부로 갈수록 병세포는 점진적으로 짧아져 중앙 부위에서는 약 $200{\sim}300\;{\mu}m$의 짧은 병세포를 형성한다. 두정부위(head)는 2층의 분비세포, 중간의 장방형의 유세포층, 중앙의 가도관으로 구성된다. 엽연 분비모에 곤충이 접촉되면 이들 분비모는 매우 빠르게 움직이며 엽정 부위를 향축면으로 움직여 엽신이 곤충을 포위하게 하여 두정부위에서 분비된 점액성 물질로 곤충을 소화 흡수시키는 능동적인 식충의 기작을 수행한다. 또한, 엽신의 내부에는 분비물질을 분비하는 압핀형 두정부위와 짤은 병세포(ca. $15{\sim}30\;{\mu}m$)로 이루어진 분비모(Type II가 발달한다. 또 다른 유형은 병세포가 형성되지 않는 약 $25{\sim}40\;{\mu}m$의 6세포성분비모(Type III)로 상피 및 하피, 엽병, Type I 및 Type II 병세포 표면에 이르기까지 분포하며 위 두 유형의 분비모와 함께 활발한 분비활동을 수행한다. Type III 분비모의 경우, 분비물질은 정단의 두 세포에서만 방출되었다. Type I, II, III 두정부위 분비세포 세포벽에는 큐티클 층이 얇게 발달하며, 세포질 내에는 골지체, 소포체, 분비소낭 등의 막성계 세포내소기관 및 전자밀도가 높은 입자 등이 잘 발달하였다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.166-170
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• 2002

2000년 가을에 경기도 수원의 녹두재배포장에서 흰가루병이 발생하여 병원균의 형태 등을 조사하였다. 병징은잎의 앞면, 뒷면과 잎자루에서 흰가루의 균총이 형성되어서 진전됨에 따라서 잎이 황화되어 말라서 결국 낙엽이 되었다. 이 병원균의 분생포자는 분생자경의 끝에 연쇄적으로 생기며, 무색, 단세포, 타원형내지 장타원형으로 피브로신체를 가지고 있으며, 그 크기는 25~38$\times$16~22 $\mu\textrm{m}$ 이었다. 분생포자의 발아관은 단순발아관이며, 부착기는 뚜렷하지 않았고, 분생자경은 거의 수직으로 분지하였고, 기부는 대부분 직선상이었으며, 그 길이는 67~100 $\mu\textrm{m}$ 이었다. 기부세포는 길이가 37~65 $\mu\textrm{m}$, 폭이 10~11 $\mu\textrm{m}$ 이었다. 그리고 부착기는 뚜렷하지 않았으며, 발아관은 단순형이며 분지하지 않았다. 폐쇄자낭각은 구형이나 편구형으로 크기가 85~1130 $\mu\textrm{m}$이며, 부속사는 6-11개이며, 격막이 1~7개, 크기가 192~223$\times$5~7 $\mu\textrm{m}$ 이었다 벽세포는 불규칙다각형으로 15~45$\times$7~26 $\mu\textrm{m}$의 크기이며, 폐쇄자낭각은 하나의 자낭을 가지고 있으며, 자낭은 계란형 또는 반구형으로 8개의 자낭포자를 가지고 있으며, 크기는 62~95$\times$50~67 $\mu\textrm{m}$이었다. 자낭포자는 난원형 또는 반구형으로 크기가 16~24$\times$12~16 $\mu\textrm{m}$ 이었다. 이상의 결과로 Sphae개theca phaseoli 의한 녹두흰가루병으로 동정되어 국내에서 처음으로 보고한다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.364-368
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• 2011

Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea was found on a carrot seedling in a greenhouse and a field at Daegwallryeong, Gangwon Province in 2007-2009. Symptoms included irregular, brown, blight, or chlorotic halo on leaves and petioles of the carrots. Fungal conidia were globose to subglobose or ellipsoid, hyaline or pale brown, nonseptate, one celled, $7.2-18.2{\times}4.5-11\;{\mu}m$ ($12.1{\times}8.3\;{\mu}m$) in size, and were formed on botryose heads. B. cinerea colonies were hyaline on PDA, and then turned gray and later changed dark gray or brown when spores appeared. The fungal growth stopped at $35^{\circ}C$, temperature range for proper growth was $15-25^{\circ}C$ on MEA and PDA. Carrots inoculated with $1{\times}10^5$ ml conidial suspension were incubated in a moist chamber at $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ for pathogenicity testing. Symptoms included irregular, brown, water-soaked rot on carrot roots and irregular, pale brown or dark brown, water-soaked rot on leaves. Symptoms were similar to the original symptoms under natural conditions. The pathogen was reisolated from diseased leaves, sliced roots, and whole roots after inoculation. As a result, this is the first report of carrot gray mold caused by B. cinerea in Korea.

• Mycobiology
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.143-147
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• 2008

We have detected the slime mold, Diachea leucopodia (GNU06-10) in a strawberry greenhouse located in Sancheong-gun, Gyeongnam. Typical fruiting bodies had developed gregariously on the strawberry leaves, petioles, and plant debris on ground soil habitat, and also surprisingly on plastic pipes and a vinyl covering. Field samples were examined via stereomicroscopy, light microscopy, and SEM for the determination of morphological characteristics. Dark-brown to black spores formed gregariously within the stipitate cylindrical sporangium, and were covered by an iridescent peridium, which may be intact at maturity, or may have disintegrated. The upper portion of the peridium generally breaks up to expose the spores, whereas the lower portion was usually persistent. The results of energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) analysis showed that lime was present in the stalk and columella but absent from the spores, capillitium, and peridium. The above characteristics confirm its taxonomic position in the genus Diachea. However, this genus is intermediate in character between the Physarales and Stemonitales of the Myxogastromycetidae. Hence, this genus had been classified as a member of the Stemonitales until the mid-1970's, on the basis of its iridescent peridium and noncalcareous capillitial system, similar to Comatricha of the Stemonitaceae. By way of contrast, emphasis on morphological characteristics, most notably the calcareous stalk and typical columella, places Diachea within the order Physarales. The presence of a phaneroplasmodium during the trophic stage and lime deposition in its sporophores, as was confirmed in this work, supported the inclusion of Diachea in the Physarales, and the noncalcareous capillitial system verified its identification as a member of the Didymiaceae. Further characteristics of the species D. leucopodia include the following: phaneroplasmodium, spore globose 7.5 ${\mu}m$ in diameter, very minutely roughened; sporangia $500{\mu}m\times1mm$, more or less cylindrical, gregarious, stalked 1.2mm; stalk and columella white.

• ALGAE
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.71-90
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• 2019

A new encrusting red alga was found growing abundantly on glass debris items that drifted ashore along the coasts of Oregon and Washington. These included discarded fluorescent tubes, incandescent light bulbs, capped liquor bottles, and ball-shaped fishing-net floats. Field collections and unialgal cultures of the alga revealed that it consisted of two morphological phases: a young loosely aggregated turf and a mature consolidated mucilaginous crust. The turf phase consisted of a basal layer of globose cells that produced erect, rarely branched, uniseriate to multiseriate filaments up to $500{\mu}m$ long with closely spaced cells lacking pit-plugs. These filaments expanded in size from their bases to their tips and released single cells as spores. At maturity, a second phase of growth occurred that produced a consolidated crust, up to $370{\mu}m$ thick. It consisted of a basal layer of small, tightly appressed ellipsoidal-to-elongate cells that generated a mucilaginous perithallial matrix containing a second type of filament with irregularly spaced cells often undergoing binary division. At the matrix surface, the original filaments continued to grow and release spores but often also eroded. Individual cells, examined using confocal microscopy and SYBR Green staining, were found to contain a central nucleus, a single highly lobed peripheral chloroplast without a pyrenoid, and numerous chloroplast nucleoids. Morphological data from field and culture isolates and molecular data (rbcL, psbA, and SSU) show that this alga is a new genus and species which we name Viator vitreocola, "a traveller on glass."

• 식물병연구
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.211-215
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• 2007

2003년부터 2006년까지 4년 동안 경남 거제시 일운면 지세포 마을의 유카리나무 재배농가에서 잎과 줄기 및 가지에 이상증상이 심하게 발생하였다. 병징은 처음 잎과 줄기에 갈색 또는 암갈색의 작은 둥근 반점으로 나타나고 심하면 잎과 줄기가 말라 죽는다. 균총은 감자한천배지에서 회색이고 균사생육 적온은 $30^{\circ}C$였다. 분생포자의 모양은 단세포로 원통형이며 크기는 $9{\sim}22{\times}3{\sim}6{\mu}m$였다. 부착기의 모양은 원통형 또는 난형으로 암갈색을 띠고 크기는 $6{\sim}18{\times}4{\sim}10{\mu}m$였다. 자낭각의 모양은 구형이고 검은색으로 크기는 $76{\sim}274{\mu}m$였다. 자낭은 바나나 또는 원통형이며 크기는 $42{\sim}76{\times}8{\sim}12{\mu}m$였다. 자낭포자는 방추형 또는 원통형으로 가운데 부분이 약간 굽었으며 크기는 $10{\sim}23{\times}4{\sim}6{\mu}m$였다. 분리된 병원균을 접종하였을 때 자연 감염된 병징과 유사한 병증상을 발생시켰다. 이상의 결과로 보아 본 병해를 Glomerella cingulata(무성세대: Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)에 의한 유카리나무 탄저병으로 명명할 것을 제안한다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.59-62
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• 2002

2001년 8월 경상남도 산청군 쇠무릎 야생 군락지에서 잎, 줄기에 탄저병이 발생하였다. 분리된 병원균의 균총은 PDA에서 회색 또는 짙은 회색이고 배지상에서 자낭을 형성하였다. 분생포자는 모양은 단세포로 원통형이며 크기는 10.2~20.4$\times$3.6$\times$6.0$\mu$m였다. 부착기 모양은 원통형 또는 난형으로 암갈색을 띠고 크기는 6.2~10.5$\times$4.3$\times$8.6$\mu$m였다. 자낭각의 색깔은 검은색으로 구형이며 크기는 72.6~284.7$\mu$m였다. 자낭은 곤봉 또는 원통형이며 크기는 63.6~98.8$\times$8.3~12.5$\mu$m였다. 자낭포자는 방추형 또는 원통형으로 약간 굽었으며 크기는 9.6~21.8$\times$4.0~6.0$\mu$m였다. 균사생육 적온은 3$0^{\circ}C$였다. 분리된 병원균은 건전한 쇠무릎에 접종한 결과 감염을 일으켰으며 병징은 똑같았다. 이병을 Glomerella cingulata에 의한 쇠무릎 탄저병으로 명명할 것을 제안한다.