• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.600-609
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• 2001

WSGGM based low-resolution spectral model for calculating radiation transfer in combustion gases is applied to estimate self-absorption of radiation energy in one-dimensional opposed flow flames. Development of such a model is necessary in order to enable detailed chemistry-radiation interaction calculations including self-absorption. Database of band model parameters which can be applied to various one-dimensional opposed flow diffusion and partially premixed flames is created. For the validation of the model and database, low resolution spectral intensities at fuel exit side are calculated and compared with the results of a narrow band model with those based on the Curtis-Godson approximation. Good agreements have been found between them. The resulting radiation model is coupled to the OPPDIF code to calculate the self-absorption of radiant energy and compared with the results of an optically thin calculation and the results of a discrete ordinates method in conjunction with the statistical narrow band model. Significant self-absorption of radiation is found for the flames considered here particularly for the fuel side of the reacting zone. However, the self-absorption does not have significant effects on the flame structure in this case. Even in the case of the low velocity diffusion flame and the partially premixed flame of low equivalence ratio, the effects of self-absorption of radiation on the flame temperature and production of minor species are not significant.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.6-12
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• 2005

급격한 경제성장의 결과로서 최근까지 각종 유류관련 시설의 누출로 인한 토양 오염에 대한 관심이 고조되고 있다. 토양복원을 위하여 재래식 토양가스추출법(SVE)과 같은 공법이 사용되고 있으나 휘발성 유류성분의 제거에 적합하며 디젤, 방향족화합물 등과 같은 저휘발성 오염물의 제거에는 부적합한 결과를 보이고 있다. 본 연구에서는 디젤과 같이 저휘발성 유류성분을 제거하기 위한 효율적인 공기주입 및 SVE 공정 개발을 위해 디젤유의 개별성분들의 온도와 유량에 따른 제거효율, 수분함량에 따른 영향 평가를 실시하였다. 디젤범위의 오염성분(DROs)들은 온도의 증가에 따라 휘발성의 순서대로 제거되는 경향을 보이고 있다. 실험결과, $90\%$ 이상의 DROs 범위 내 오염물은 온도를 $100^{\circ}C$ 이상으로 유지할 경우 효과적으로 SVE 방법에 의하여 제거할 수 있다고 판단된다. 유량이 증가함에 따라 오염물이 토양 내 잔류하는 비율이 빠르게 감소하지만 유량이 40cc/min를 초과하면 감소 폭이 크지 않았으며 이는 큰 유량에 대하여 오염물이 휘발되는 속도에 있어서 물질전달상의 제한에 기인한다고 판단된다. 수분함량에 영향은 DROs성분 중 n-decane은 적은 것으로 나타났으나 다른 오염성분들은 수분이 존재함에 따라 제거효율이 좋아지는 결과를 나타내었다.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2018년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.60-60
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• 2018

This study was carried out to develop the seed propagation method of Dicenta spectabilis (L.) Lem. which is an ornamental plant native to Korea. In the previous studies, it was found that the seeds of D. spectabilis were morphophysiologically dormant (MPD), and high and low temperature of stratification were continuously required for the embryo growth and germination of the seeds. Especially, it was most effective to store for 1 month at $20^{\circ}C$ and then to transfer to $4^{\circ}C$. The treatment of $GA_3$ was carried out to promote embryo development and germination. The seeds were submerged in 100, 200 or $500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ $GA_3$ for 72 hours and then stored at various conditions as follow. The temperature conditions disposed of this experiment were 1 month at 10, 15, 20, and $25^{\circ}C$ or 2, 4, 8, and 12 months at $4^{\circ}C$, respectively. As a result, the length of embryo and germination rate of the seeds were the best when stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 8 months after $500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ $GA_3$ treatment. Besides, when the seeds stored at $4^{\circ}C$, significant differences in embryo length and germination rate were shown with $GA_3$ concentration and storage period. It was also proved that high-concentration of $GA_3$ could replace the high temperature and could promote germination. Consequentially, the D. spectabilis seeds were classified into intermediate simple levels among MPD types.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.900-904
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• 2011

In this paper, we investigated an anomalous hump phenomenon under the positive bias stress in p-type LTPS TFTs. The devices with inferior electrical performance also show larger hump phenomenon. which can be explained by the sub-channel induced from trapped electrons under thinner gate oxide region. We can confirm that the devices with larger hump have larger interface trap density ($D_{it}$) and grain boundary trap density ($N_{trap}$) extracted by low-high frequency capacitance method and Levinson-Proano method, respectively. From the C-V with I-V transfer characteristics, the trapped electrons causing hump seem to be generated particularly from the S/D and gate overlapped region. Based on these analysis, the major cause of an anomalous hump phenomenon under the positive bias stress in p-type poly-Si TFTs is explained by the GIDL occurring in the S/D and gate overlapped region and the traps existing in the channel edge region where the gate oxide becomes thinner, which can be inferred by the fact that the magnitude of the hump is dependent on the average trap densities.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.541-550
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• 1988

본 연구에서는 수평경계면이 단열이고 수직경계면이 서로 다른 온도로 유지되 고 있는 정방형밀폐용기내의 자연대류에 관해 유동함수-와도모델을 이용한 유한요소법 을 통해 특히 낮은 Prandtl수의 영향에 중점을 두어 경계층흐름이 존재할 때의 유동 및 열전달특성을 조사하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.546-550
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• 2008

The title compound of nicotinato lead(II) complex [Pb$(C_5H_4NCOO)_2$] has been optimized at B3LYP/LANL2DZ and HF/LANL2DZ levels of theory. The calculated results show that the lead(II) ion adopts 2- coordinate geometry, which is the same as its crystal structure and different from the 4-coordinate geometry of isonicotinato lead(II) complex. Atomic charge distributions indicate that during forming the title compound, each nicotinic acid ion transfers their negative charges to central lead(II) ion. The electronic spectra calculated by B3LYP/LANL2DZ level show that there exist two absorption bands, which have some red shifts compared with those of isonicotinato lead(II) complex and the electronic transitions are mainly derived from intraligand $\pi$ -$\pi$ transition and ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) transition. CIS-HF method is not suitable for the system studied here. The thermodynamic properties of the title compound at different temperatures have been calculated and corresponding relations between the properties and temperature have also been obtained. The second order optical nonlinearity was calculated, and the molecular hyperpolarizability was $1.147754{\times}10^{-30}$ esu.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2009

최근 인쇄회로기판(PCB)의 제품트랜드는 박형화, 고밀도화로 대표되지만 휨(Warpage) 억제, 신뢰성확보와 같은 기술적 난제로 인해 박형화와 고밀도화에 많은 제약을 받고 있다. $B^2it$(Buried Bump Interconnection Technology) 공법은 기판의 핵심공정 중 하나인 드릴링 공정이 생략되어 인쇄회로기판을 낮은 제조비용으로 박형화할 수 있는 기술로 개발되고 있다. 본 논문은 $B^2it$공법이 적용된 인쇄회로기판의 열적-기계적 거동특성을 유한요소해석(FEA)을 통해 고찰한 논문으로서 패키징레벨에서 방열효과와 신뢰성 등에 벙프의 재료, 형상 등이 미치는 영향 등을 분석하였다. 해석결과에 의하면 $B^2it$공법이 적용한 인쇄회로기판은 기존 비아구조를 가진 인쇄회로기판에 비해 칩에서 발생하는 열의 확산이 신속하고 패키징의 휨을 억제하는데도 유리하며 칩에서 발생하는 응력도 낮추지만 솔더-조인트의 응력은 증가시키게 된다. 따라서 패키징의 신뢰성을 향상시키기 위해서는 범프의 형상, 재료 등을 패키징을 구성하고 있는 모든 요소들을 고려하여 최적화하는 것이 필요하다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.60-64
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• 2004

32비트 RISC 프로세서인 PXA255기반 보드에 임베디드 리눅스 운영체제와 HTTP(Hyperfext Transfer Protocol) 웹서버를 포팅하여 사용자의 웹 브라우져 상에서 원격지 가택에 대한 실시간 감시가 가능한 시스템을 구현하였다. 웹 서버는 GoAhead 웹 서버2.1 버전을 교차 컴파일하여 사용하였으며 가택감시를 위한 아날로그 신호에 대한 입력을 프로세서가 받기 위해 ADC(Analog to Digital Convertor)칩인 ADC0809를 사용하였다 ADC를 위한 디바이스 드라이버를 작성하였으며 이를 웹 브라우져 상에서 실시간적으로 변하는 데이터를 모니터링하기위해 클라이언트 풀(Clieilt Pull)방식을 사용한 CGI-C 응용프로그램을 개발하였다. 감시가 가능한 요소로는 온도, 조도 그리고 가스 유출여부이며 가스 밸브와 현관문의 개폐상태를 확인할 수 있게 하였고 긴급 상황 발생시 경고음을 발생하도록 하였다 최근 홈 디지털 서비스 중에 사용자가 가장 필요로 하는 긴급 상황에 대한 감시 요구를 내장형 시스템을 사용하여 보다 적은비용으로 구현하였다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.113-119
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• 2012

Ultrasonic bonding is the novel packaging method for flip-chip with high yield and low-temperature bonding. The bonding module is a core part of the bonding machine, which can transfer the ultrasonic energy into the bonding spot. In this paper, we propose topology optimization technique which can make new design of boding modules due to the constraints on resonance frequency and mode shapes. The designed bonding module using topology optimization was fabricated in order to evaluate the bonding performance and reliable operation during the continuous bonding process. The actual production models based on the proposed design satisfied the target frequency range and ultrasonic power. The bonding test was performed using flip-chip with lead-free Sn-based bumps, the results confirmed that the bonding strength was sufficient with the designed bonding modules. Also the performance degradation of the bonding module was not observed after the 300-hour continuous process with bonding conditions.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.294.2-294.2
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• 2016

Graphene, a sigle atomic layered structure of graphite, has drawn many scientific interests for attractive future electronics and optoelectronics beyond silicon-based technology because of its robust physical, optical, and electrical properties. But high metal-graphene contact resistance prevents the successful integration of high speed graphene devices and circuits, although pristine graphene is known to have a novel carrier transport property. Meanwhile, in the recently reported metal-graphene contact studies, there are many attempts to reduce the metal-graphene contact resistance, such as doping and one-dimensional edge contact. However, there is a lack of quantitative analysis of the edge contact scheme through variously designed patterns with different metal contact. We first investigate the effets of edge contact (metal-graphene interface) on the contact resistance in terms of edge pattern design through patterning (photolithography + plasma etching) and electral measurements. Where the contact resistance is determined using the transfer length method (TLM). Finally, we research the role of metal-kind (Palladium, Copper, and Tianium) on the contact resistance through the edge-contacted devices, eventually minimizing contact resistance down to approximately $23{\Omega}{\cdot}{\mu}m$ at room temperature (approximately $19{\Omega}{\cdot}{\mu}m$ at 100 K).