• International Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.115-130
• /
• 2013

This study reviews the current status of Korean first graders, their experience with early care and education (ECE) programs, and their participation in private and after-school education. The research also examines how school adjustment during the first grade is related to family income, types of ECE programs, and participation in private and after-school education. Using the first year data of the Korean Child and Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS) 2010, this study analyzes 752 first graders who attended only one of two types of ECE programs (child care centers or kindergartens), after which two 25% income extremes were examined. The analysis demonstrates that children from low-income households attended child care centers more often, while children from high-income households attended kindergartens more often. For both low-income and high-income groups, child care centers had a lower starting age and longer attendance periods than did kindergartens. High-income household children started attending ECE programs earlier, experienced more private and after-school education, and received a larger number of private and after-school educational lessons. For the second research purpose, children from low-income families showed better peer relations in school adjustment, while children attending child care centers showed better teacher relations than children attending kindergartens. Children with after-school education also exhibited better peer relations. These findings show the importance of government support for early learning, especially for low-income families and offer a foundation for developing private education polices for early childhood before and after school entry.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.100-106
• /
• 2008

We examined dietary habits, food intakes, health status, and school and community life of meal skipping children, and investigated factors predicting meal skipping of children. A sample was composed of 944 children in low-income families who were provided with public meal service. The sample was obtained from the Survey of Meal Service for Poor Children conducted by the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs in 2007. Meal skipping was significantly associated with a lower nutrition and health status, and poor school performance of children, as hypothesized. The school age of child, family structure, region, job of caretaker, concern about diet, and the child's visit to welfare center significantly predicted frequency of meal skipping. We suggested a few implications for community practice to reduce meal skipping of children.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.65-82
• /
• 2010

This study investigated the longitudinal effects of family risk factors, parent-child relationships, and language abilities of children in low-income families in terms of both school adjustment and academic performance. The subjects were 176 children aged 5 to 7 and their mothers. They participated in follow up studies over the next 3 years. The children were tested using the Wechsler Intelligence Scales and language tests; and classroom teachers rated their levels of both school adjustment and academic performance. Mothers reported parent-child relationships, maternal depression, and family economic resources. Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation, and structural equation modeling (SEM). Our results indicated that there were direct effects of language abilities, and indirect effects of parent-child relationships and maternal depression upon children's school adjustment and academic performance. It was also revealed that language abilities had a mediating effect between parent-child relationship and school adjustment/ academic performance.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.49 no.6
• /
• pp.67-83
• /
• 2011

The purposes of this study were to a develop a preventive tailored early intervention program and to investigate the effects of the program on the quality of parenting for low income families. The subjects were eighty five infants, aged 13 to 32 months, and their mothers. Of the 85 mother-infant dyads, 42 dyads were randomly assigned to the experimental group and 43 dyads to the control group. To prevent the risks of the adverse development of infants from low income families a tailored intervention program was created based upon the transactional model. This emphasized the quality of the home environment and of the daily mother-infant interaction. The risk factors were assessed and progress monitoring was undertaken for the preventive tailored intervention treatment. In order to assess the effects of the program, HOME, the NCAST Teaching Scale and the Parenting Stress Index/Short From were used. The collected data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, ANCOVA, and the McNemar test. The experimental group showed a significant increase in performance and higher scores than the control group on the scores from HOME, and the NCAST Teaching Scale and significant decrease and lower scores in the Parenting Stress Index(SF).

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.254-266
• /
• 2013

Purpose: This study examined the characteristics of in-home injuries of children in low-income families and sought to identify the factors affecting parental in-home injury prevention practices. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive survey design was applied, using questionnaires on in-home injury characteristics in children, parental in-home injury prevention practices, parental perceptions and knowledge on childhood injuries, and the Parental Stress Index. We queried 169 parents of children less than 5years of age who were enrolled in Nutrition Plus Projects at community health centers. Results: Overall, 92.7% of children had experienced in-home injuries, with sliding crashes and bumping injuries as the most frequent type of injury. The recovery rate with a scar after injury was 26.3%. Parental practices for in-home injury prevention were higher according parental age, educational status, and previous learning experiences regarding in-home safety and injury prevention. The two most significant factors affecting parental in-home injury prevention practices were age and parental perception of childhood injuries as being controllable and preventable. Conclusions: Considering the high risk of in-home childhood injuries in low-income families, safety education and the promotion of injury prevention practices for parents are recommended. The strategy to enhance the parental perception on preventing childhood injuries needs to be addressed.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.46 no.1
• /
• pp.117-129
• /
• 2008

In present study, using 1572 low-income families and 266 Head Start teachers from Family and Child Experiences Survey (FACES) in the U.S., we examined the effects of mothers' reading and the characteristics of interaction between teacher-child interaction on 4-and 5-year-olds' cognitive development represented by their verbal and numerical abilities. Frequencies of mothers' reading at home consistently predicted higher scores of children's Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test and Woodcock Johnson Applied Problems. Teachers' sensitivity and permissiveness in their interactions with children in classroom were positively related to children's verbal abilities and teachers' sensitivity predicted better numerical abilities of children after controlling for mothers' reading and the characteristics of family and teacher. The findings shed light on the contributions of teacher behaviors and familial factors to children's cognitive development calling for attention to the need for parent education on cognitively stimulating family environments and continuing education for early childhood teachers focusing on quality interactions with young children.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.32 no.5
• /
• pp.522-529
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study was to develop a dietary education program, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the education program for children from low-income families. A total of 242 children (122 education groups and 120 control groups) were run six times a dietary education program from April to December 2018, and a questionnaire was administered before and after the education to evaluate effectiveness. Elementary school students were the most prevalent in the education and the control group. In the education group, the body height and weigh were 137.27 cm and 33.69 kg, respectively, and in the control group the body height and weight were 143.48 cm and 40.64 kg, respectively. The education group showed positive change in dietary self-efficacy and dietary knowledge compared to the control group. In particular, 'I can have meals regularly' (Education Group: 4.00 points from 3.71 points) and 'I can choose fruits instead of cookies candies as snacks (Education Group: 4.01 points from 3.70 points) The score increased after participation in the program. In the change of nutritional and hygiene knowledge of children, the education group scored 3.63 of 10 points before education, but the score significantly increased to 5.70 points after education(p<0.001).

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.141-163
• /
• 2016

This study reviews and analyzes the current status and conditions of child-rearing issues related to single-parent families and pinpoints related problems. It undertakes for single-parent families with children in elementary and middle schools to determine limitations that prevent single-parent families from obtaining in existing policies and legislation. The study introduces policy guidelines to ensure childcare for single-parent families. The results are follows. First, the basic policies supporting single-parent families should be broadened to include not only low-income, single-parent families but also higher-income, single-parent families, which would allow all such families to be given first priority at childcare centers. Second, to resolve discrimination and prejudice toward single-parent families, articles about education and single-parent families should be included in the Single-Parent Support Act. Third, substantial and customized support policies tailored to the growth-stages of children are needed. Fourth, programs to improve the relationship between children and single parents should be developed and promoted. Finally, various family types, such as single-father or multi-cultural single-parent families, must be considered.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.119-135
• /
• 1991

The purpose of this study is; 1)to identify the overall levels of household role perception, performance, and evaluation of the low-income employed wives residing in the city. 2) to investigate the relations of them. 3) to examine the factors affecting them. For the purpose of this study, the samples were selected form the low-income employed wives living in the poor area of Seoul and engaging in the poor jobs. The significant results are as follows; 1) The household role perception score is 3.45. This significantly differs to the marriage duration. 2) The household role performance is 3.65. This significantly differs to the communicative satisfaction between husband and wife. 3)The urban low-income employed wives have evaluated that they do their best in the economic role. 4)There are positive correlations between the household role perception and the household role performance of the low-income employed wives. 5) The communicative satisfaction between husband and wife is observed to have the significant factor among the variables which are related to the household role.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
• /
• v.10 no.6
• /
• pp.123-141
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of early intervention programs for child development and parenting stress from low-income families. The subjects of this study were 0-5 years old children 1,904(Participation 1,501 nonparticipating 403) and 1,904 parents from low-income families. The child and the parents who participated in the intervention program, 1,501 people respectively, did not participate in the intervention program for children and parents of 403 people each. The collected data were analyzed by t-test. The results of the study are as follows. First, There were differences in child development between the early child who participated in the intervention program and those who did not. Especially, the infants who participated in the intervention program had a more higher level in muscle exercise, small muscle exercises, problem solving, communication, and social development than infants who have not participated. Second, parents of low-income families who participated in the intervention program had lower parenting stress than the parents who didn't participate. As a result, early intervention programs should be targeted at children and parents from low-income families.