• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2013년도 제46회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 초록집
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• pp.129-132
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• 2013

The low rank coal combustion and biomass-coal co-firing characteristics were reviewed on this study for the power plant construction. The importance of using low rank coal(LRC) for power plant is increasing gradually due to power generation economy and biomass co-firing is also concentrated as power source because it has carbon neutral characteristics to reduce green-house effect. The combustion characteristics of low rank coal and biomass for a 310MW coal firing power plant and a 100MW biomass and coal co-firing power plant were studied to apply into actual power plant design and optimized the furnace and burner design.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1995년도 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부
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• pp.120-124
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• 1995

TCSC can not only increase power flow but also damp low frequency oscillation by controlling firing angles of thyristors. But, a model considering voltage, current firing angles is not derived. This paper used a small signal model considirng these variables which was derived in paper [1]. TCSC model is combined with swing equation. Being related to rotor angles and firing angles of thyristors, current and synchronizing torque coefficient is reformulated. Because firing angles of thyristors can be controlled only twice within one period, swing equation is transformed to discrete time model. It is shown that low frequency oscillation can be damped by controlling firing angles in one machine infinite bus power system.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2016

This study was to investigate the firing method of limestone in Joseon Dynasty, and analyze the physical chemical properties of lime mortars in Joseon Dynasty. This study was to manufacture and evaluate the firing experiment and mortar of Limestone by each sort in order to reproduce the traditional lime mortars in Joseon Dynasty, and investigate the behavior to improve physical properties according to the firing method of Limestone. This study has found out that there were screening criteria and standard of appropriate firing temperature about the Limestone in Joseon Dynasty. Accordingly, this study was to improve its strength through various additives and mixture. In particular, in case of Limestone, the black and blue Limestone were preferred, and most of domestic Limestones were low grade Limestone including the clay and took ivory white or blue with low whiteness. This study has shown that the low grade Limestone was mined by the surface mining compared with the high grade Limestone as underground mining method, and could be used because it was easy to mine relatively and there was possibility that Natural Hydraulic Lime(NHL) was used with the traditional lime mortars in Joseon Dynasty.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.517-523
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• 2008

The microwave dielectric properties of $LiNb_3O_8-TiO_2$ based ceramics with low firing agents, CuO, $Bi_2O_3$, $B_2O_3$, $SiO_2$, $TiO_2$, were investigated to improve the sintering condition for the LTCC system. According to the X-ray diffraction and SEM, the ceramics of $LiNb_3O_8-TiO_2$ with low firing agents showed no significant second phases within a range of experiments, and fine microstructures. By adding the low firing agents, the sintering temperature decreased from $1200^{\circ}C$ to $925^{\circ}C$. Based on the results of electrical measurements, the $LiNb_3O_8-TiO_2$ ceramics showed a promising microwave dielectric properties for LTCC applications, those are ${\varepsilon}_r$ (dielectric constant) = 44, Q f (quality factor) = 18000, and ${\tau}_f$ (the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency) = $-1.5\;ppm/^{\circ}C$.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.545-551
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• 2000

Sintering behaviors of the glass-alumina composites for low firing temperature were investigated as a function of the particle size of glass frit. The system of glass frit was Pb-B-Si-Al-O. The median particle sizes of the glass frits were 2.72$\mu\textrm{m}$, 2.67$\mu\textrm{m}$ and 1.33$\mu\textrm{m}$, which were prepared with changing ball-milling times as 24 h, 48 h and 96 h. The glass-alumina composites showed maximum density at certain temperature, and further heating led to dedensification behaviors, so called over-firing. The sintering temperature, which showed maximum density, raised from 425$^{\circ}C$ to 475$^{\circ}C$ with increase of particle size of glass frit from 1.33$\mu\textrm{m}$ to 2.72$\mu\textrm{m}$. Especially, the over firing behaviors, which were occurred at high sintering temperatures, were greatly increased with decrease of particle size of glass frit.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.381-388
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• 1994

A new process which co-fires the low-firing-substrate and copper conductor was studied to achieve good bond strength and low sheet resistance of conductor. Cupric oxide is used as the precursor of conductive material in the new method and the firing atmosphere of the new process is changed sequently in air H2N2. The addition of cupric oxide and variations of firing atmosphere permited complete binder-burnout in comparison with the conventional method and contributed to the improvement of resistance and bonding behaviors. The potimum conditions of this experiment to obtain the satisfactory resistance and bond strength are as follows (binder-burnout temperature in air; 55$0^{\circ}C$, reducing temperature in H2; 40$0^{\circ}C$ for 30 min, ratio of copper and cupric oxide; 60:40~30:70 wt%). The bonding mechanism between the substrate and metal was explained by metal diffusion layer in the interface and the bond strength mainly depended on the stress caused by the difference of shrinkage and thermal expansion coefficient between the substrate and metal.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.261-267
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• 2008

One of the most important issues in fence-type PDP is low luminance and luminous efficiency. To improve luminance and luminous efficiency, new sustain electrode structure which contains long discharge gap is necessary. However, it causes rise of firing voltage. In this paper, a new fence electrode structure is proposed in order to solve these problems. To drop the firing voltage, tow hump shaped electrodes is added on the main discharge electrode, and distance between two humps is controlled. The experimental results show that the test panel with the narrow horizontal gap(40um) between two humps shows low firing voltage by 17V compared with 80um gap in spit of similar luminance and luminous efficiency.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2011

한국형발사체 엔진에 사용될 예정인 75톤급 연소기 채널냉각형 기술검증시제에 대한 연소시험을 수행하였다. 설비 공급 능력과 구조물 강도 제한으로 정상 유량의 50% 수준에서 시험이 수행되었다. 75톤급 채널냉각 연소기의 저압연소시험을 통해 점화구간과 연소구간에서의 작동성과 안정성이 확인되었다. 더불어 75톤 연소기의 성능요구조건을 만족시킬 수 있을 것으로 추정할 수 있었다.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2010년도 제34회 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.71-74
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• 2010

한국형발사체 엔진에 사용될 것으로 예상되는 75톤급 연소기의 기술검증시제를 이용하여 2회 연소시험을 수행하였다. 설비 공급 능력과 구조물 강도 제한으로 정상 유량의 50% 수준에서 시험이 수행되었다. 채널냉각 연소기를 이용한 저압연소시험을 통해 점화구간과 연소구간에서의 신뢰도와 안정성이 확인되었다. 더불어 75톤 연소기가 성능요구조건을 만족시킬 수 있을 것으로 추정할 수 있었다.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.14-22
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• 2017

Co-firing of renewable fuel in coal fired boilers is an attractive option to mitigate $CO_2$ emissions, since it is a relatively low cost option for efficiently converting renewable fuel to electricity by adding biomass as partial substitute of coal. However, it would cause reducing plant efficiency and operational flexibility, and increasing operation and capital cost associated with handling and firing equipment of renewable fuels. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of biomass co-firing on $CO_2$ emission and capital/operating cost. Wood pellet, PKS (palm kernel shell), EFB (empty fruit bunch) and sludge are considered as renewable fuels for co-firing with coal. Several approaches by the co-firing ratio are chosen from previous plant demonstrations and commercial co-firing operation, and they are evaluated and discussed for $CO_2$ reduction and cost estimation.