• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.207-221
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 작물모형을 이용하여 기후변화에 따른 우리나라의 벼 생산성 변화를 분석하고, 기후변화 주요 변동요인인 온도 및 $CO_2$ 농도와 적응수단인 재배시기가 기후변화에 따른 벼 생산성 변화에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 하였다. 작물모형은 영화수 및 임실율 모델을 모델을 도입하고, 종실중 및 등숙율 모듈을 추가하여 벼 수량결정 방법을 개선한 'ORYZA2000'을 사용하였으며, 모델의 입력자료인 품종특성 모수는 벼 생태형별로 종생종인 오대벼, 중생종인 화성벼, 중만생종인 일품벼의 품종특성 모수를 사용하였으나 발육속도 품종특성 모수는 수정하여 사용하였다. 생육모의 지역은 기상청 소속 기상대와 관측소가 소재하는 지역 중에 30년 이상 기상관측자료를 보유하고 있는 56개 지역을 북부, 중부, 남부의 3개 기후지대로 구분하여 분석하였으며, 기후변화에 따른 재배시기 조정여부는 최적파종기를 기준으로 설정하였는데, 출수 후 40일간의 평균온도가 22.5가 되는 파종기를 지역별 최적파종기로 설정하였다. 기상자료는 1981~2010년을 기준년도로 하여 기상연구소에서 제작한 2011~2100년 기간의 3개 평년(2011~2040, 2041~2070, 2071~2100)의 A1B 기후시나리오에 근거하여 일별 기후자료로 작성하였으며, 생육모의 조건은 기준년도(1981~2010)를 기준으로 온도 및 $CO_2$ 농도만 변화를 주거나 기후변화에 따라 온도, $CO_2$ 농도 및 재배시기 등 다양한 변화를 주었다. 생육모의 결과 기준년도(1981~2010)를 기준으로 온도만 변화를 주었을 경우 $1^{\circ}C$ 온도 상승에 따라 벼 수량은 6.7~10.6%까지 감소하였으며, $CO_2$ 농도만 변화를 주었을 때는 100ppm $CO_2$ 농도 증가에 따라 1.0~2.7% 증가하였다. 벼 생산성은 벼 생태형 및 기후지대별로 다소 차이가 있었다. 재배시기를 고정하였을 때 기후변화에 따른 벼 수량의 증감율은 조생종에서 -0.3~-23.4, 중생종에서 -1.9~-27.3, 중만생종에서 -1.7~-28.6%이었으며, 재배시기를 조정하였을 때는 조생종에서 3.3~-0.2, 중생종에서 1.8~-5.9, 중만생종에서 2.3~-7.4%로 조중생종에 비해 중만생종의 수량 감소율이 컸으며, 재배시기 조정여부에 따른 벼 생산성 변화의 차이가 컸다. 기상환경 및 재배 요인 중 기후변화에 따른 벼 생산성 변화에 대한 기여도는 기후온난화가 59.8%로 가장 크며, 재배시기 11.8, $CO_2$ 비료효과 9.7, 벼 생태형 1.7%의 순이었다. 온도와 재배시기의 상호작용 효과는 1.5%이었으며, 그 외 모든 상호작용 효과는 1% 이내로 생산성 변화에 거의 영향을 주지 못하였다. 수량관련 생육형질 중 기후변화에 따른 벼 생산성에 대한 기여도는 재배시기가 고정되었을 경우 영화수가 13.5~45.8%, 등숙율이 53.1~86.2%였으며, 재배시기를 변경할 경우 영화수는 46.2~78.3%, 등숙율은 21.6~53.4%로 재배시기 여부에 따른 수량관련 생육형질의 기여도에 큰 차이를 보였으며, 벼 생태형간에도 다소 차이가 있었다. 그러나 임실율은 벼 수량에 거의 영향을 주지 못했다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.1071-1086
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• 2003

Reproductive biotechnologies continue to be developed for genetic improvement of both river and swamp buffalo. Although artificial insemination using frozen semen emerged some decades back, there are still considerable limitations. The major problem appears to be the lack of efficient methods for estrus detection and timely insemination. Controlled breeding experiments in the buffalo had been limited and similar to those applied in cattle. Studies on multiple ovulation and embryo transfer are essentially a replica of those in cattle, however with inherent problems such as lower number of primordial follicles on the buffalo ovary, poor fertility and seasonality of reproduction, lower population of antral follicles at all stages of the estrous cycle, poor endocrine status and a high incidence of deep atresia in ovarian follicles, the response in terms of transferable embryo recovery has remained low with 0.51 to 3.0 per donor and pregnancy rates between 15 to 30%. In vitro production of buffalo embryos is a valid alternative to recovery of embryos by superovulation. This aspect received considerable attention during the past decade, however the proportion of embryos that develops to the blastocyst stage is still around 25-30% and hence the in vitro culture procedures need substantial improvement. Embryo cryopreservation procedures for direct transfer post thaw need to be developed for bubaline embryos. Nuclear transfer and embryo cloning is a technique that has received attention in various species during recent years and can be of immense value in buffaloes as they have a low rate of embryo recoveries by both in vitro and in vivo procedures. Gender pre-selection, genome analysis, gene mapping and gene transfer are a few of the techniques that have been studied to a limited extent during recent years and are likely to be included in future studies on buffaloes. Very recently, reproductive biotechnologies have been applied to feral buffaloes as well, but the results obtained so far are modest. When fully exploited they can play an important role in the preservation of endangered species.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.415-421
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• 2020

This study was conducted to determine the optimum conditions for the treatment of polyamine to promote pollen germination and improve the fruiting rate by overcoming fertilization defects in low-temperature strawberry cultivation. The optimum temperature for pollen germination of strawberries was 30 ℃ for Seolhyang and 25 ℃ for Maehyang, and Seolhyang had a higher pollen germination rate than that of Maehyang. The addition of polyamines, namely spermine and putrescine to the medium improved the pollen germination rate and spermine treatment showed a better effect than putrescine treatment. The proper polyamine type and treatment concentration for enhancing the potency of pollen germination was 500 μM of spermine for both Seolhyang and Maehyang, which improved the pollen germination rate by 19-23% compared with that of the control. However, combined treatment of spermine and putrescine, resulted in a lower germination rate lower than that of the single treatment. Our results indicated that the treatment of polyamines during flowering in protected cultivation of strawberrise can improve the fruiting rate by overcoming the problem of poor pollen germination due to low temperature.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.99-103
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• 1988

With a purpose of finding out the effects of magnesium and boron enriched organic-compound fertilizer application on qualities of grasses on the hilly pasture, a field experiment was arranged with five different treatments as a randomized block design and lasted from September, 1984 to the end of growing season in 1986. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Mean chemical components except NFE of grasses at the plots with organic-compound fertilizer application were appeared to contain slightly high comparing to single dressing. 2. Production of DCP with organic-compound fertilizer (1,170.2 kg/ha) was significanty increased by 20% comparing to single dressing (975.7 kg/ha) in the conventional fertilization level (p<0.05), but it was not significantly different between them in the low dressing level. 3. Production of energies (TDN, StE and NEL) with organic-compound fertilizer of low and conventional dressing level were appeared to increase by 10 and 13 to 15% than those of single dressing of the same levels, respectively. But it was not significant difference. 4. Like single dressing nutrient productions with organic-compound fertilizer were appeared significantly high due to increasing of dressing gradually (P<0.05-0.01) 5. Mineral contents of P and Mg at the plots with organic-compound fertilizer were a little higher, on the other hand, K, C/P and K/Ca + Mg equivalent ratio were slightly lower than those of single dressing, but the content of Ca tended to similar between them.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.28-42
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• 1969

Field studies were conducted with the split plot design of 20 treatment with a combination of 4 levels of 3, 5, 7 and 9 plants per hill and 5 levels of 60, 80, 100, 120 and 140 hills per 3.3$m^2$ on non-, low- and high-salty areas. Rice variety, Kusabue was grown under jthe standard fertilization and cultivating. Investigation was made on the productive structure of plant population, leaf-area index, light intensity curve by stratum of crop population at the panicle differentiation stage. The competition density effect on the photosynthetic capacity was low as the salt concentration became higher. This seemed to suggest the possiblity of an increased yielding capacity by closer planting in the salty areas. The effect of an increased number of hills per unit area was greater than that of an increased unmber of plants per hill due to the total leaf area and space distribution of the actie assimilation parts of rice plants. The number of ppanicle per unit area in the salty areas were increased when the number of hill per 3.3$m^2$ increased over an increased number of plants per hill, and the panicle weight was reduced by close planting in the non-lalty area, while it was not reduced so much in the salty areas. The number of grains per panicle was significantly decreased by close planting in the salty areas as in the non-salty area, and ratio of matured grain was not decreased even by close planting in the salty areas, while it was significantly decreased by close planting in the non-salty area. An increase in the rice yield was possible by close planting and greatly related to leaf area index in the salty areas but not in the non-salty area. Increasing the number of hills per unit area showed greater effect on the increase of the rice yield than an increased number of plants per hill in the salty areas. Relationships between the growth characteristics and the rice population affected by plant spacing mode for maximum production were discussed.

• 한국수정란이식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수정란이식학회 2002년도 국제심포지엄
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• pp.73-73
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• 2002

Nuclear transfer (NT) techniques have advanced in the last years, and cloned animals have been produced by using somatic cells in several species including pig. However, it is difficult that the nuclear transfer porcine embryos development to blastocyst stage overcoming the cell block in vitro. Abnormal segregation of chromosomes in nuclear transferred embryos on genome activation stage bring about embryo degeneration, abnormal blastocyst, delayed and low embryo development. Thus, we are evaluated that the correlations of the frequency of embryo developmental rates and chromosome aberration in NT and In viかo fertilization (IVF) derived embryo. We are used for ear-skin-fibroblast cell in NT. If only karyotyping of embryonic cells are chromosomally abnormal, they may difficultly remain undetected. Then, we evaluate the chromosome aberrations, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with porcine chromosome 1 submetacentric specific DNA probe were excuted. In normal diploid cell nucleus, two hybridization signal was detected. In contrast, abnormal cell figured one or three over signals. The developmental rates of NT and IVF embryos were 55% vs 63%, 32% vs 33% and 13% vs 17% in 2 cell, 8 cell and blastocyst, respectively. When looking at the types of chromosome aberration, the detection of aneuploidy at Day 3 on the embryo culture. The percentage of chromosome aneuploidy of NT and IVF at 4-cell stage 40.0%, 31.3%, respectively. This result indicate that chromosomal abnormalities are associated with low developmental rate in porcine NT embryo. It is also suggest that abnormal porcine embryos produced by NT associated with lower implantation rate, increase abortion rate and production of abnormal fetuses.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.528-536
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• 2016

The purpose of Total Pollution Load Control at Tributary is to obtain maximum improvement effect of water quality through finding the most impaired section of water-body and establishing the proper control measure of pollutant load. This study was implemented to determine the optimal management of reach, period, condition, watershed, and pollution source and propose appropriate reduction practices using the Load duration curve (LDC) and field monitoring data. With the data of measurement, LDC analysis shows that the most impaired condition is reach V (G4~G5), E group (flow exceedance percentile 90~100%) and winter season. For this reason, winter season and low flow condition should be preferentially considered to restore water quality. The result of pollution analysis for the priority reach and period shows that agricultural nonpoint source loads from onion and garlic culture are most polluting. Therefore, it is concluded that agricultural reuse of surface effluent (storm-water runoff with non-point sources) and low impact farming that includes reducing fertilization and controlling the height of drainage outlet are efficient water quality management for this study watershed.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.385-394
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• 2002

This study was constructed the correlations of the embryonic developmental rates and the frequency of chromosome aberration using ear-skin-fibroblast cell in nuclear transfer (NT) derived embryos. Karyoplast-oocyte complexes were fused and activated simultaneously, then cultured for seven days to assess development. The developmental rates of NT and in vitro fertilization (IVF) embryos were 55.4% vs 63.5%, 31.7% vs 33% and 13.4% vs 16.8% in 2 cell, 8 cell and blastocyst, respectively. Firstly, the frequency of chromosome aberrations were evaluated using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) technique with porcine chromosome 1 submetacentric specific probe. Chromosome aberration was detected at day 3 on the embryo culture, the percentages of chromosomal aneuploidy in NT and IVF embryos at 4-cell stage were 40%, 31.3%, respectively. Secondly, embryonic fragmentation was evaluated at 4-cell stage embryo. Frequency of embryonic fragmentations was in 51.3% of NT, 61.3% of IVF, 28.9% of parthenogenetic activation at 4-cell stage. The proportion of fragmentation in NT embryos was higher than activation embryos. This result indicates that chromosomal abnormalities and embryonic fragments are associated with low developmental rate in porcine NT embryo. It is also suggest that abnormal porcine embryos produced by NT related with lower implantation rate, increased abortion rate and production of abnormal fetuses.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.99-103
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• 1988

With a purpose of finding out the effects of magnesium and boron enriched organic-compound fertilizer application on qualities of grasses on the hilly pasture, a field experiment was arranged with five dilferent treatments as a randomized block design and lasted from September, 1984 to the end of growing season in 1986. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Mean chemical components except NFE of grasses at the plots with organic-compound fertilizer application were appeared to contain slightly high comparing to single dressing. 2. Production of DCP with organic-compound fertilizer (1,170.2 kg/ha) was significanty increased by 20% comparing to single dressing (975.7 kg/ha) in the conventional fertilization level (P<0.05), but it was not significantly different between them in the low dressing level. 3. Production of energies (TDN, StE and NEL) with organiccompound fertilizer of low and conventional dressing level were appeared to increase by 10 and 13 to 15% than those of single dressing of the same levels, respectively. But it was not significant difference. 4. Like single dressing nutrient productions with organic-compound fertilizer were appeared significantly high due to increasing of dressing gradually (P<0.05-0.01). 5. Mineral contents of P and Mg at the plots with organic-compound fertilizer were a little higher, on the other hand, K, C/P and K/Ca + Mg equivalent ratio were slightly lower than those of single dressing, but the content of Ca tended to similar between them.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.1477-1481
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• 2007

한국 내 얼치기완두(Vicia tetrasperm) 집단의 교배계를 알로자임 분석으로 실시하였다. 그 결과 얼치기완두는 타가수분 또는 혼합 교배 타가수분을 영위하고 있었다. 집단 수준에서 열 개 집단에 대한 내교배 계수는 0.131에서 0.176까지로 나타나며 평균은 0.154였다. 다대립좌위에서 타가수분 계수(tm)는 열 개 집단에 대해 0.269와 0.423사이에 있으며 평균은 0.333이었다. 다대립좌위와 단일좌위에서 타가수분 계수 차이는 상당히 높게 나타났으며 양친과의 근친교배가 유의하게 일어나고 있었다. 일부 집단에서 낮은 타가수분율은 광범위한 근친교배와 성숙한 개체간 격리에 기인한다. 비록 한 집단에서 이형접합체 과다가 기록되었지만 대부분 집단은 이형접합체의 결핍이 관찰되었다. 따라서 동형접합체에 대한 자연선택이 생활사를 통한 지손집단에 작용하고 있었다.