• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.135-142
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• 1998

1993년 1월부터 1996년 12월까지 영남대학교 의과대학 부속병원에서 임신 1분기부터 3분기까지 계속해서 산전 진찰을 받은 424명의 산모와 출산한 신생아를 대상으로 산전 진찰 기록지를 검토하여 임신 각 분기별 체중 증가 양상과 신생아 체중과의 상관 관계를 다중 회귀 분석법을 이용하여 조사한 결과 임신 1분기에서 산모의 체중 증가가 태어나는 신생아의 체중과 유의한 관계가 있다는 결론을 얻었다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.51-60
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• 1983

Currently changing trends of child health care is demand total health assessment of child including growth and development. This study concentrates on the growth & developmental status of low birth weight infant for help their growth & development. Thus it can be provide a direction for scientific health education and counseling materials by investigating factor of growth & development. The subjects for this study were made up of 40 low birth weight infant who attended the well baby clinic of E university Hospital. The study method used was a questionnaire ＆ anthropometric assessment and DDST for normative data of development. The period for data collection was from July 1st to August 31th, 1982. Analysis of the data was done using percentages, $\chi$$^2$-test Stepwise Multiple Regression. The results of study were as follows. 1. The mean weight of birth was 2,068gm and mean of gestational period was 35.65 weeks. 2. The age at which weight ; 32.5%, head circumference : 67,5% chest circumference : 55.0%, height : 50. 0％ was normal range of physical growth. 3. The reverse age at which social development ; 87.5%, fine motor & adaptive development ; 70.0%, gross motor development ; 72.5% of children Passed by DDST to determine of normal range of development. 4. In the among variables, it was found that the infant who were the higher emotional & verbal response of mother and stimulus environment was the more normal range of weight & development than who was not. 5. The stepwise Multiple Regression between developmental status and predictors-birth order, weight at birth, sex, antenatal care, gestational period-are accounts for 34.1%.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.58-65
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• 1996

This study examined characteristics among 131 infants who were born at three hospitals affiliated with Catholic University. Those infants were very low birth weight infants (VLBWI ). Data were gathered through review of medical records between 1990 to 1993. The results were as follows : 1. Regarding the birth weight, 72.6％ were between 1000 gm to 1500 gm and 27.4% were below 1000gm. Of the VLBWI, 27.5% had gestational age of 29-30 weeks and 22. lof had gestational age of 26 weeks and below. The birth weight of them was significantly correlated with their gestational age. 2. Most of VLBWI had been hospitalized for more than 30 days and particulaly those who were between 1100-1400gm had been hospitalized more than 60 days. And the number of clinical problem was the most influencing factor on their discharge. 3. Of the VLBWI, 28.2% were given gavage feeding. 4. Jaundice appeared predominantly on the 3rd day after birth ,with 64.1％ of incidence rate. Of those infants developed jaundice, 92.9% received phototherapy 5. The most common problem after birth was respiratory conditions. And oxygen therapy was administered for 93.9% of the VLBWI while they were in the hospital.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2000

The Low Birth Weight infant birth rate in this country is a little more than 15 percent and is being increased. The survival rate of Low Birth Weight infant is over 90 percent and recently the rate runs is getting. However, because of the high risk of Low Birth Weight infant for handicap in growth, a preventive nursing intervention program for Low Birth Weight infant and their mother is considered to be necessary. Touch and massage, thus sensory stimulation has been considered to be important ensuring a normal growth of Low Birth Weight infant During the past decades sensory stimulation program has been used for premature and Low Birth Weight infants. Recently a study on the sensory stimulation for Low Birth Weight infants has bee n done in this country. Mother and infant relationship has a great influence on child's development. Especially, mother and infant interaction during one year after birth plays important role in child's social. affective and cognitive developments. But in the study of Low Birth Weight infants, the mother and infant interaction has been rare yet. However, there was no study effectiveness of the sensory stimulation on mother and infant interaction. In this respect, this study based on the importance of the nursing intervention, is intended to measure the effectiveness of the massage therapy in the aspects of weight, daily feeding amount, cortisolurine stress hormone and mother and infant interactions. This study has been conducted on the nonequivalent control group pretestposttest design in quasi experimental basis and Low Birth Weight infants from NICU of two Medical University Hospitals located in Taegu Metropolitan were selected in experimental group of 21 infants and control group of 20 infants. Data has been collected from May 1, 1999 to September 5, 2000. For the experimental group Field's sensory stimulation(tactile and kinesthetic stimulation) was applied 2 times a day for 10 days(10:00 - 11:00 hours in the morning and 19:00 - 20:00 in the afternoon) by nurse and mother. The electronic indicator scale (Cas Co. Korea) was used to measure infant's body weight. To determine urine cortisol concentration level under stress, rad immuno assay method was used. And to determine mother and infant interactions during feeding, tools developed by Kim Mi-Ye (1999) were used. Collected data were analyzed with SAS program using x-test, t-test, paired t-test and repeated measures ANOVA. Findings were as follows : 1. For the daily mean weight gain, the experimental group showed little higher than the control group, even though, there was no Statistically significant differences between two groups. 2. For the amount of daily mean feeding, the experimental group showed little higher than the control group, while there was no Statistically significant differences between two groups. 3. The level of wine cortisol concentration was increased in both groups, while no Statistical significance was shown between the two groups. 4. Mothers in experimental group were more likely to have higher mean scores in mother and infant interaction during feeding than mothers in the control group. Statistical significance was shown between the two groups(t= 5.78, P=.001). In conclusion, the massage therapy in this study showed with regard to even though through there was no statistically significance in the weight gain and urine stress hormone concentration. there was Statistical significantly higher in the mother and infant interaction during feeding. Based on the result of this study, it is considered that the massage therapy should be applied clinical practice and home to help a developmental growth and interaction of Low Birth Weight infants and mothers during the period of recovery.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.69-78
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• 2011

Purpose: The aim of this study was conducted to investigate the mean nRBC count in very low births weight infants (VLBWIs) and to determine the usefulness of the nRBC as an independent prognostic factors of perinatal complications in VLBWIs. Methods: This study was conducted on 112 VLBWIs who were hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of the author's hospital within the period from March 2003 to and May 2008. Based on the infants' nucleated red blood cells (nRBC) counts at birth, on the third day after birth, on the seventh day after birth, in the second week after birth, and in the fourth week after birth in the medical records, the correlation between nRBC or absolute nRBC counts with birth weight, gestational age, and other perinatal outcomes were retrospectively investigated. Results: In VLBWIs, their mean nRBC and absolute nRBC counts were showing a gradual decrease after birth, and they were consisteantly kept at low values since one week after and inversely proportional to the birth weights. The mean nRBC counts based on the stage after birth showed a significant correlation with perinatal death, necrotizing enterocolitis, and severe intraventricular hemorrhage. Conclusion: The increase in the nRBC count showed a significant correlation with having a severe intraventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis, and perinatal death in VLBWIs. If an increase or no decrease in the nRBC count after birth is observed, newborninfant care precautions should be required.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.155-163
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• 2016

The purpose of the review article is to investigate the influence of periodontal diseases on preterm birth(PTB) and low birth weight(LBW). PTB and LBW are the main risk factors of infant mortality and a major public health problem. PTB is defined as delivery at less than 37 weeks and LBW is less than 2,500 grams. Over Approximately 60 percent of perinatal mortality results from PTB or LBW. Although the causes of PTB and LBW are not fully understood, infection is the leading cause of PTB and LBW. Periodontal diseases are serious disease burdens because they are caused by bacterial endotoxin, inflammatory reaction, and cytokine. The periodontal diseases are the predisposing factors of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis. Over the past 15 years, previous studies revealed that periodontitis had adverse outcomes including PTB and LBW in pregnancy.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.227-234
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• 2007

Recent epidemiologic studies show that gestational exposure to air pollution adversely affects pregnancy outcomes including low birth weight in preform birth. In this study, we evaluated the effect of air pollutants on LBW (low birth weight) on firstborn fetus throughout the gestational period using the birth cohort between 1999 and 2003 in Seoul. Using birth cohort data from the National Statistics Office of Korea we identified 288,346 firstborn births (excluded missing data on lack of information for birth weight and discordance between residential and certificated address from a total of 316,451) during 1999 to 2003 with complete covariate (gender, parity, date of birth, gestational age, parental age and educational level, maternal occupation etc.) and maternal residential history data. Our subjects were defined as more than 37 weeks and less than 44 weeks of completed gestation and we identified 5,457 persons (1.89%) by low birth weight (<2.5 kg) in this study. Using logistic regression, we estimated the risk of mean (entire pregnancy and trimester period) air pollution concentrations for CO, $O_3,\;PM_{10},\;NO_2\;and\;SO_2$. In terms of trimester-specific exposure, we found that some air pollutants exposure in each trimester would increase the risk for LBW. Results also showed that the effect size of air pollutants exposure during the first and third trimester is higher than during the second trimester. In all trimester, the estimated risk of LBW was 1.831 (95% CI=1.573-2.132) with unit increase for CO, 1.139 (95% CI=1.107-1.172) for 50, and 1.009 (95% CI=1.001-1.017) for $O_3$. Our results suggest that exposure during the gestation period to relatively low levels of some air pollutants may be associated with a reduction in birth weight on first-born fetus. These findings implicate the effective risk management strategies should be applied to minimize the public health impacts for pregnant women.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.117-124
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• 2003

Objectives : This study was performed to examine the relationship between maternal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and pregnancy outcomes (low birth weight or preform baby) in a prospective cohort study. Methods : We made a pregnant women's cohort, and followed the pregnancy outcomes, between May 1st 2001 and August 31st 2002. We surveyed 2,250 women who visited our hospital during their 35th gestational week, with a self-administered questionnaire. The final total of mother-infant pairs analyzed in this study was 1,712. We used a multiple logistic regression analysis to analyze the effect of maternal ETS on the incidence of preform or low birth weight, and a linear regression analysis for the birth weight and gestational age. Results : Higher exposure to ETS (>=1 hours/day) during pregnancy was more negatively associated with the gestational age and birth weight, than no exposure to ETS (no or less than 1 hour). Maternal exposure to ETS was associated with preform baby(adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.7; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.9, 3.3) and low birth weight (AOR 2.3; 95% CI 0.9, 5.5). In addition, we found that maternal ETS may reduce the birth weight by 70g after adjusting for potential confounding factors. Conclusions : This study suggests that maternal exposure to ETS during pregnancy may increase the frequency of low birth weights and preform births.

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.137-145
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to analyze the risk of preterm birth (PTB) and low birth weight (LBW) in extramarital birth by analyzing 2008-2012 birth certificated data (2,328,719 births) from Korea Statistics. Odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated from logistic regression analyses to describe the associations between PTB & LBW and extramarital birth adjusted for maternal age, maternal occupation & education, infantile sex, birth order and number of child birth (singleton & multiple birth). The rate of extramarital birth was 1.8 percent and 2.1 percent in 2010-11. The incidence of LBW was 8.1 percent in extramarital birth and 5.0 percent in marital birth. The incidence of PTB in extramarital birth were 8.2 percent and 5.8 percent in marital birth. Compared with marital birth, the odds ratio (OR) for PTB were 1.48 (95% CI: 1.43-1.54) for extramarital birth. Risk of LBW was higher in extramarital birth (OR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.64-1.76) than that of marital birth. Among mothers younger than 20 years, the odds ratio of PTB among extramarital birth, relative to married birth was 1.69 (1.49-1.91). Among unmarried mothers, those at a higher risk of LBW was aged 20-29 years (1.69: 1.59-1.79). Maternal unmarried status was associated with increased risk of PTB and LBW.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제50권12호
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• pp.1206-1211
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• 2007

목 적 : 사회경제적 환경의 변화로 첫 아이를 출산하는 어머니의 연령이 늦어지고 있다. 많은 연구자들이 첫 아이를 출산하는 어머니의 연령이 늦어지는 것과 저체중출생아의 출생율과의 관계에 대해 연구하였으나 아직 일치된 연구결과를 얻지 못하고 있다. 이에 따라 본 연구자들은 산모의 연령이 저체중출생아의 출생률에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 2001년부터 2003년까지 통계청의 인구동태자료 중 출생기록에 등록된 1,545,338명 중 단태아면서 첫 번째 아이인 736,167명을 대상으로 저체중출생아와 극소저체중출생아의 출생률에 대해 어머니의 나이, 직업, 학력, 결혼유무, 거주지, 결혼 기간, 아버지의 직업과의 관계를 다중 로지스틱 회귀분석을 이용하여 분석하였다. 결 과 : 산모의 연령에 따라 저체중출생아가 출생할 위험률은 30-34세, 35-40세, 40세 이상의 초산부는 25세에서 29세의 초산부에 비해 각각 1.3배, 2.1배, 2.4배 높게 나타났으며 어머니의 직업, 학력, 결혼유무, 거주지, 결혼 기간, 아버지의 직업 등을 감안하여도 1.3배, 1.9배, 2.0배로 모두 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 산모의 연령에 따라 극소체중출생아가 출생할 위험률은 30-34세, 40-44세, 45세 이상의 초산부는 25세에서 29세의 초산부에 비해 각각 1.8배, 3.3배, 3.7배 높게 나타났으며 어머니의 직업, 학력, 결혼유무, 거주지, 결혼 기간, 아버지의 직업 등을 보정하여도 1.6배, 2.7배, 2.6배로 모두 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 각각의 산모의 연령과 교육 정도, 결혼유무에 따른 저체중출생아의 출생률을 비교하였을 때 30대의 고등학교 졸업 이상이고 기혼인 산모에서 저체중출생아의 출생률(3.7%)은 20대의 고등학교 졸업이상이고 기혼인 산모보다 더 낮았다. 결 론 : 본 연구에서 산모가 나이가 많아질수록 저체중출생아와 극소저체중출생아가 출생할 위험률이 높으며 어머니의 직업, 학력, 결혼유무, 거주지, 결혼 기간, 아버지의 직업 등을 고려하여도 높다. 하지만 나이가 많은 산모라도 사회경제적 환경이 개선된 다면 저체중출생아의 출생률을 줄일 수 있고 사료된다.