• Korea Trade Review
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.51-67
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• 2017

This study analyzes the relationship between globalization and income inequality. The empirical model is developed based on Kuznets' hypothesis of the inverse U curve. The effects of factor abundancy and globalization which is characterized by trade and FDI on income inequality are analyzed. 127 member countries of WTO are classified into 4 groups according to GNI. The period of analysis is 21 years from 1995 to 2015. Results show that 3 groups of countries excluding one group that is high income countries supports Kuznets' hypothesis which is the inverse U curve. Secondly, expansion of trade decreases income inequality of middle income countries but increases high and low income countries. Thirdly, FDI increases income inequality of middle and low income countries. Finally, the increase in capital abundancy lowers income inequality because the capital accumulation increases the productivity of labor.

• 한국노년학
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.617-638
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• 2020

It is important to maintain a healthy dietary habit to enjoy better health and quality of life in later life. However, taking care of one's dietary lifestyle at an older age may be a challenge. Especially, community dwelling low-income older adults are one of the most vulnerable population in regards to holding a well balanced healthy diet. The purpose of this research is to identify the current status of food delivery services for low-income older adults and explore related issues. In order to achieve the aim, this study conduced two sets of focus group interviews with 8 nutritionists and 7 social workers in Seoul. According to the research results, there are issues related to meals on wheels such as vague eligibility, poor operation conditions, work overload, and difficulty in realizing customized meal delivery. Food security for low-income older adults is a prerequisite for aging in place. It is necessary to discuss the ways to create favorable operating conditions to deliver customized meals and manage nutrition and hygiene from the perspective of social work.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.104-112
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• 2005

Purpose: This research was conducted to determine the effects of a fall prevention program on knowledge, self-efficacy, prevention activity, and depression in the low-income elderly women. Method: The design of this study was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. There were 22 subjects in the experimental group and 22 in the control group. A fall prevention program was performed for approximately 40 minutes, once a week for 6 weeks. Results: The results of this study were as follows: There were statistically significant differences of knowledge, self-efficacy, and prevention activity related to falls and depression between the experimental group and control group. Conclusion: In conclusion, the fall prevention program used in this study is appropriate for the elderly, therefore this program is strongly recommended for community-based health and welfare centers.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-37
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• 2019

This study investigates the convergence in per capita $CO_2$ emission by income group for an unbalanced panel of 152 countries from 1980 to 2013 using beta and sigma convergence model. Absolute beta and sigma convergence differed by $CO_2$ emission reduction policies in each countries. Conditional beta convergence shows that per capita income has a negative effect on growth in per capita $CO_2$ emission. In particular, better-quality institutions and technology accelerated the negative effect of per capita income on the speed of convergence of per capita $CO_2$ emission in high-income countries. For middle-income countries, the growth of income affected the convergence of $CO_2$ emission per capita, but institutional quality has an insignificant impact. On the other hand, improvements in the level of technology have a mitigating effect on the negative impact of income in middle-income and low-income countries, contributing to the increase in $CO_2$ emission.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.172-179
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• 2006

Since the economic crisis in 1997, the number of low income families has increased and the turmoil is likely to affect nutritional and health status of the children in low-income families. The purpose of this study was to investigate dietary behaviors and physical development of low income family children in the Seoul area. The subjects were 44 boys and 56 girls, between the ages of 7 and 12 years, from the beneficiary families of the governmental assistant program and enrolled in after school-care centers. A self-reported questionnaire, including general characteristics and dietary behaviors, was applied to the children and their parents. Skipping meal rate was higher in breakfast than in lunch or dinner, and was less frequent in parents and children families compared to that of the other types of families (p<0.05). Most students are shown that they usually keep the dietary guideline for Korean children. There were significant differences in keeping the dietary guidelines between the parents and children family group and other groups in several items. The results imply that the nutrition education program should be more focused on the families which are not composed of parents and children.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.277-290
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• 2016

This research is about brief accomplishment analysis of Low-Income Class Business Incubator Project, based on applicants' perspective who has been supported by this project, which is funded by the enterprise. As a result of 'quality focused evaluation method', it shows that Low-Income Class Business Incubator Project's applicants experience both economic and non-economic accomplishments such as "work with responsibility," "better future in reality," "Self and change of relationships around self". It concludes that "experience of difference" or "providing hope for Low-income class" brought positive effects on applicants who participated in this projects. The study revealed the virtue of this Low-Income Class Business Incubator Project and reassured its message: the importance of major corporate' responsibility in solving social issues, especially in poverty and its independence.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2010

Permanent rental housing complex is subjected to both an increase in the crime rate due to its residential population structure and social, economic isolation for insecurd income of the residents. It should be considered that the densely populated area with low-income group of the city causing many problems related with the community. This study focused on the Man-soo 7 housing estate in Incheon with the area's average scale and ratio is made as an effort to include the residents who live in the permanent rental housing area among the members of the healthy community. The result of the research suggests the method of housing improvement to establish the successful support institution for self-sufficiency of the low income inhabitants analazying the demand of the residents through a survey categorized into resident support system, public workplace and inhabitant participation.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.103-112
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of socioeconomic status on the eating-out satisfaction, eating-out expenditure, meal balance and dietary attitude of 251 married females in Youngnam Area. The monthly frequency of eating out with family was 2.5 visits with an expenditure of 116,000 won in this study. Korean food was the most frequently selected type of board for breakfast, lunch and dinner. The respondents satisfied with the taste of the food the most, whereas least satisfied with the sanitation. The average expenditure for eating-out was 62,000 won per visit with the average of 39,000 won in the lowest income group and 78,000 won in the highest one. Regarding the meal balance score, the overall score was 3.48 with the lowest score(2.98) being recorded for the dairy products and the highest score(3.95) for vegetables. As for the dietary attitude score, breakfast scored the highest(3.79) and consideration of balanced workload, exercise, rest and dining activities received the lowest score(2.57). Meal balance and attitude scores were not significantly different among the eating-out expenditure levels. The eating-out expenditure demonstrated a positive correlation with total food expenditures, household income, educational attainment and others. The low income group who had low meal balance scores and dietary attitude scores tended to spend proportionally more on eating-out. In conclusion, the studies revealed that the respondents favored the Korean food and did not satisfied with the sanitation most when eating-out. In terms of eating-out expenses, the group with the highest income and educational attainment spent the most on eating-out and food expenditures.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.38 no.7
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• pp.53-65
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• 2000

This study is for examining the differences of perceived stresses and family strengths between the parents according to socio-demographic backgrounds(age, educational level, income and the degree of disorder) of the parents having mentally retarded children. The results were as follows. First, in the overall perceived stress level, there was no difference between fathers and mothers, but when compared in stress areas, fathers experience more distresses in general interpersonal areas than mothers. Fathers also shows differences according to the degrees of their income and their perception about disorder compared with mothers showing differences according to the degree of income. Second, there were no differences in family strengths perceived by both fathers and mothers, but were significant differences according to the level of education and income. Another words, higher the education and income level, higher is their family strengths level. Third, there were positive correlations between the perceived stresses and family strengths, and significant differences in family strengths according to the stress level(higher/lower part of the group). In other words, when the perceived stress level is high, the level of perceived family strengths is low.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.125-143
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of households with a negative cash flow. The Household Budget Survey conducted in 2000, 2005, and 2010 by the Bureau of Statistics in South Korea were used for this study. The households used in this study were divided into four groups according to their income levels; they were categorized the lowest, low, middle, and high income groups. This study made several findings regarding households with a negative/positive cash flow. Firstly, the demographic and economic characteristics were different between those who have a negative cash flow and those with a positive cash flow. A female household head, a household head age 65 and older, a household head with a lower educational attainment, an unemployed household head, and the presence of a child/children in schools were related with the household deficit. Secondly, the households with a positive cash flow had a higher income level compared to the households with a negative cash flow, while the households with a negative cash flow had a much higher consumption level compared to the households with a positive cash flow. Thirdly, the household deficit to total income ratio of the lowest income group was higher when compared to any other income group. Lastly, the multivariate statistics showed that households including a child/children in schools are more likely to be a household with a negative cash flow. Especially, the expenditures on education and transportation were related with the likelihood of a household deficit.