• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
• /
• 제22권8호
• /
• pp.756-762
• /
• 2012

A method of the low-frequency noise reduction in an enclosure by using an array of Helmholtz resonator is presented. An integral form of equation, which represents the acoustical coupling between the internal sound field and the resonator array, is formulated so that the boundary element method can be applied to solve the coupling problem. It is shown that the resonator array on the surface of the enclosure can be regarded as impedance patches on the boundary element. Experiments on a simple enclosure acoustically coupled with an array of resonators are conducted to verify the method. The predicted noise reduction by the boundary element method shows good agreement with the measured one. The effects of the resistance of resonators as well as the number of resonators on the noise reduction are demonstrated. As a practical example, the presented method is applied to the payload fairing of a space launcher with resonator arrays. It is demonstrated that the resistance of resonators affects significantly the required number of resonators to achieve a desired noise reduction.

• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제27권11호
• /
• pp.1193-1197
• /
• 2005

사람의 귀에 들리지 않는 초저주파음을 비롯하여 200 Hz 이하의 저주파소음은 순환기, 호흡기, 신경, 내분비 등 사람의 생리에 영향을 미치는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이에 몇몇 국가들은 나름대로 저주파소음의 측정법과 평가 기준안을 마련한 상태이다. 본 연구에서는 대중교통 수단인 서울지하철을 대상으로 객차 내와 승강장에서의 저주파소음레벨과 스펙트럼을 조사하였다. 측정결과 객차 내 소음레벨은 지하철 운행속도와 곡선구배 등에 따라 차이는 있었으나, 주파수 $1{\sim}200\;Hz$ 대역에서 $60{\sim}105\;dB$로 나타났다. 특히 8 Hz에서의 소음 피크 값은 객차의 길이에 대한 공명주파수에 해당됨을 알 수 있었다. 승강장에서의 소음은 객차 내 소음보다 상대적으로 소음레벨이 낮게 측정되었는데 이것은 차량 도착 혹은 출발 시의 속력이 운행 시의 속력보다 낮기 때문으로 판단된다. Ochiai의 소음에 의한 인체영향 연구를 고려할 때, 객차 내 소음은 주파수 $20{\sim}80\;Hz$ 구간에서 압박감을 줄 수 있기 때문에 주목할 필요가 있다.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
• /
• 제4권3호
• /
• pp.137-142
• /
• 2004

In this paper, we present a new current-current negative feedback(CCNF) differential voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with 1/f induced low-frequency noise suppressed. By means of the CCNF, the 1/f induced low-frequency noise is removed from the proposed CCNF VCO. Also, high-frequency noise is stopped from being down-converted into phase noise by means of the increased output impedance through the CCNF and the feedback capacitor $C_f. The proposed CCNF VCO represents 11-dB reduction in phase noise at 10 kHz offset, compared with the conventional differential VCO. The phase noise of the proposed CCNF VCO is measured as - 87 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset frequency from 5.5-GHz carrier. The proposed CCNF VCO consumes 14.0 mA at 2.0 V supply voltage, and shows single-ended output power of - 12 dBm.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.7-13
• /
• 2004

In this paper, we identify the noise source and the path of a chiller. This chiller is newly developed for R-l34a refrigerant and 250 RT cooling capacity. The measured overall SPL of the developed turbo-chiller is about 100 dBA. Due to the high rotating speed of the centrifugal impeller, the nun noise source of the chiller is the blade passing frequency and its higher harmonics of the centrifugal impeller. This generated soundpropagates through the duct, and then transmits and radiates to the outer field. From the experiment, it is found that the high frequency noise is mostlytransmitted and radiated through the elbow duct, but the low frequency noise is transmitted and vadiated through the condenser wall. Therefore applying the absorbing material is an effective way of reducing the high and low frequency noise simultaneously. Measurement results show that the application of the sound absorbing material to the elbow duct reduced the overall sound pressure level by 4 dB compared to the 9 dBA reduction for the case of full enclosure. In order to control the generated noise, a dissipativetype silencer is also designed and tested. The silencer reduced the radiated noise about 7.5 dBA.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
• /
• 제41권5호
• /
• pp.69-76
• /
• 2004

본 논문에서는 낮은 위상잡음을 갖는 X-band용 전압 제어 유전체 공진형 발진기를 설계ㆍ제작하였다. 위상잡음을 개선하기 위하여 저잡음 특성과 프리커 잡음이 낮은 MESFET과 높은 선택도와 Q값이 큰 유전체 공진기를 사용하였다. 또한 바렉터 다이오드는 부하의 영향을 줄이기 위해서 Q-factor가 매우 큰 것을 사용하여야 하며, 전압에 대한 주파수 변동이 선형이 되도록 하기 위해 다이오드의 Gamma가 큰 바렉터 다이오드를 사용하였다. 구현된 회로는 최적의 성능을 갖도록 회로 시뮬레이터인 ABS를 사용하였다. 제작된 전압제어 유전체 공진형 발진기의 특성을 측정한 결과, 중심 주파수 12.05 ㎓에서 5.8㏈m의 출력 파워와 -30 ㏈c의 고조파 억압과 100㎑ offest 주파수에서 -114 ㏈c의 위상잡음 특성을 얻을 수 있었으며, 바렉터 다이오드에 인가되는 전압의 변화에 따른 주파수 동조 범위는 15.2 ㎒를 얻었고 이때의 전력 평탄도는 -0.2㏈ 의 우수한 성능을 얻을 수 있었다. 제작된 발진기는 X-band에서 국부 박진기로 이용될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• 제36권3호
• /
• pp.510-513
• /
• 2014

A Q-band pHEMT image-rejection low-noise amplifier (IR-LNA) is presented using inter-stage tunable resonators. The inter-stage L-C resonators can maximize an image rejection by functioning as inter-stage matching circuits at an operating frequency ($F_{OP}$) and short circuits at an image frequency ($F_{IM}$). In addition, it also brings more wideband image rejection than conventional notch filters. Moreover, tunable varactors in L-C resonators not only compensate for the mismatch of an image frequency induced by the process variation or model error but can also change the image frequency according to a required RF frequency. The implemented pHEMT IR-LNA shows 54.3 dB maximum image rejection ratio (IRR). By changing the varactor bias, the image frequency shifts from 27 GHz to 37 GHz with over 40 dB IRR, a 19.1 dB to 17.6 dB peak gain, and 3.2 dB to 4.3 dB noise figure. To the best of the authors' knowledge, it shows the highest IRR and $F_{IM}/F_{OP}$ of the reported millimeter/quasi-millimeter wave IR-LNAs.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전자공학회 2000년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(2)
• /
• pp.16-19
• /
• 2000

DC and low frequency noise characteristics of InGaP/InGaAs pseudomorphic HEMTs (p-HEMTs) grown by compound source MBE are investigated for temperature range of 150K to 370K. Equivalent input noise spectra( $S_{iv}$ ) were measured as a function of frequency and temperature. $S_{iv}$ was measured to be 3.4 $\times$ 10$^{-12}$ $V^2$/ Hz at 1kHz for 1.3 X 50${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$$^2$InGaP/InGaAs p-HEMT at room temperature. Measurements of the low-frequency noise spectra of the p-HEMT as a function of temperature show that the trap with an activation energy level around 0.589 eV is a dominant trap that accounts for the low-frequency noise behavior of the device. The normalized extrinsic gm frequency dispersion of the p-HEMT. was as low as 2.5％ at room temperature, indicating that the device has well-behaved low-frequency noise characteristics. Sub-micron (0.25 $\times$ 50${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$$^2$) gate p-HEMT showed $f_{T}$ and $f_{max}$ of 40GHz and 108GHz, respectively.y.y.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국소음진동공학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.1205-1208
• /
• 2006

This paper introduces a study for the noise reduction of a range hood for household. Generally, range hoods have a built-in sirocco fan from which rumbling noise is generated. Though the rumbling noise has low noise level. this noise makes most of the users nervous due to the its low frequency characteristics. For the purpose of noise reduction, in this study, a micro-perforated panel system is installed in the fan housing of range hood. From the experimental results, it is confirmed that the noise level emitted from the range hood is decreased over 2dB(A) in all frequency regions due to the effect of noise reduction by micro-perforated panel system.

• Current Optics and Photonics
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.96-100
• /
• 2018

A tunable low-phase-noise microwave generation structure that utilizes an optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) and a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated in this article. This structure has no particular requirement for the band width of the laser, and its tunability is realized through adjusting the central frequency of the tunable FBG. A detailed theoretical analysis is established and confirmed via an experiment. A high-purity microwave signal with a frequency tunable from 6 to 12 GHz is generated. The single-sideband phase noise of the generated signal at 10.2 GHz is -117.2 dBc/Hz, at a frequency offset of 10 kHz.

• Progress in Superconductivity
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.68-73
• /
• 2002

We have fabricated YBCO SQUID 1st order gradiometers on $30^{\circ}$STO bicrystal substrate. The pickup coil size was 3.8mm$\times$3.8mm and baseline was 5mm. Three types of SQUID gradiometer were designed and tested for unshielded operation; solid pickup coil, pickup coil consisting of 4 parallel $ 50\mu\textrm{m}$-wide loops, and solid pickup coil with flux dam. We have investigated external magnetic field dependence of the SQUID gradiometers on the magnetic field noiseproperties. Significant increase of low frequency noise with the application of static field has been observed in the case of parallel and flux dam type pickup coil above threshold field of $1.3 \mu$T. Magnetic field noise at 1 Hz measured in the magnetically shielding room was 30, 165, 480 fTcm／sup -1／Hz／sup -1/2／ for solid type and slot type and parallel loops type, respectively.