• 종교문화비평
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• 제25호
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• pp.77-122
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• 2014

우리에게는 아직 생소한 일본의 영화감독 소노 시온(원자온(園子溫), 1961~현재)은 <자살클럽>(2001)의 대성공 이래 그 속편인 <노리코의 식탁>(2005)을 비롯하여 <기묘한 서커스>(2005) 및 '증오 3부작'이라 칭해지는 <사랑의 노출>(2008), <차가운 열대어>(2010), <사랑의 죄>(2011) 등 시적이고 철학적인 메시지를 수반하는 충격적이고 자극적인 폭력과 독창적이고 도전적인 터치의 섹슈얼리티 묘사를 거쳐, 3 11 동일본대진재 이후 내놓은 <두더쥐>(2011)와 <희망의 나라>(2013)에서는 보다 직접적인 방식으로 현실참여적인 비전을 제시하고 있다. 본고의 목적은 응시와 대상a, 환상과 욕망, 상상계-상징계-실재계, 주이상스(jouissance) 등의 라캉(Jacques Lacan, 1901-1981)적 개념들을 도구 삼아 소노 시온의 영화 가운데 <사랑의 노출>(愛のむきだし)에 대한 정신분석학적 해석을 시도하는 데에 있다. 그 과정에서 특히 사랑 담론에 주목하는 한편, 라캉으로 영화 또는 종교를 말한다는 것이 종교연구자에게 어떤 새로운 전망을 제시해 줄 수 있는지를 모색하고자 한다. 이때 다음과 같은 라캉의 세 가지 문제의식 즉 (1)오인의 구조로부터 출발하자는 제안 (2)틈새(간극, 잉여, 구멍, 공백)와 부재(결여, 결핍) 또는 실패의 적극적인 의미를 수용하는 자세 (3)시각(eye, 주체가 대상을 보는 것)으로부터 응시(gaze, 대상이 주체를 보는 것)로 전환하자는 문제의식 등으로부터 적지 않은 시사를 받을 수 있으리라고 기대된다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.1395-1403
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• 2004

Exposure and Concealment have been continued as important way to express fashion and theme as well, especially in women fashion. Exposure can make themselves attractive, and concealment emphasizes this way of being attractive by exposure. Besides the temptable effect of exposure, the ideology which put women next men in society has made a prominence on the fact exposure is significant theme in women fashion. It means that women's image of 'Being seen as Object' (this can be explained by relation passive between active) in society has driven female emphasize in using and focusing on exposure to be attractive. Also the other important thing in women fashion has been considered is concealment. The fact that society has demand women more chaste duty in detail may have meaningful thing in the condition that instigates women take off being attractive to the subject, considering ideology, men. Therefore attractive femininity has to be suggested by virtue and temptation, it is common sense that looking just shallow or too strict are far from criteria of ideal beauty. Namely, the concept for exposure coexists with concealment not only constructively but also naturally in fashion. Technique that can be accentuate for effective exposure differently from method to show unilaterally is needed, and this technique can promote new fashion. And according to the theory of Freud, women means' Absence (lacking penis)', this female's Lack Image induces male castration complex therefore 'Fetishistic Look' which transfers something phallic into specific things or parts of body is adopted, sort of object cathexis. This is revealed as some parts of women body are diverted into object for sexual love, symbolic equivalent. For example, women's parts like legs or breast are remarked as erotogenic zone and as time goes, when no more the zone are felt sexual by exposure, other somewhere felt mysterious (felt something sexual) used to be stressed by exposing. As it were, it can be possible that exposing part on women body (sexual part) moved as time passed because of what previously stated. Especially, the concept of exposure and concealment in women fashion should explain not only from a point of view of style for the beautifulness but also from wearer's immanent intention, further more relationship with ideology. About the present situation becoming bolder in women fashion, it is said that women express confidence as the position of women is elevated higher socially, the more women get freedom. But if we consider this psychoanalysis opinion mentioned ahead, the possibility can not be excluded that the exposure can get emphasizing according as the need of feminine modesty gets decreasing from ideal femininity society, men want. This study about exposure and concealment was made progressed through the theory of Freud who originated psychoanalysis, presented many theories. But nowadays contradictions are being brought up against Freud's theory including conventional philosophy like male chauvinism and adjust studies get suggested. Hereupon, there may be limitation in making no allowance of contradiction and following his theory.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.85-97
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• 2024

Objectives: This study was intended to investigate the revision status of the occupational exposure standards for aluminum at home and abroad; to investigate worker exposure at domestic aluminum manufacturing and handling workplaces; to conduct social and economic evaluation for the revision of domestic aluminum exposure limits. Methods: We investigated the current status of occupational exposure limits for aluminum at home and abroad, and analyzed supporting data. An exposure survey was conducted targeting domestic aluminum manufacturing and handling workplaces. Based on these, revised aluminum occupational exposure limits were proposed. Results: The major aluminum exposure limits at home and abroad show a notable difference. The toxicity of aluminum, which was revealed through animal experiments and epidemiological investigations. The average concentration of aluminum in the air at 12 workplaces was 0.016 mg/m³, and the maximum was 0.0776 mg/m³. When total dust and respiratory dust were measured side by side and simultaneously for the same process, 12.1% of the total mass concentration of aluminum dust was respiratory dust. As a result of measuring and comparing the size distribution of dust with an optical particle counter in real time, 48.1% of the total dust in the form of welding fume and pyro-powder was respiratory dust. Based on the literature review and workplace survey, three proposals for changing the aluminum exposure limit were proposed. Proposal (1): For all types, 10 mg/m³ is unified as the exposure limit except for soluble salts and alkyls. Proposal (2): 1(R) mg/m³ as the exposure limit for all forms except soluble salts and alkyl. Proposal (3): 1(R) mg/m³ for pyro-powder and welding fume, and 10 mg/m³ for metal dust, aluminum oxide, and insoluble compounds as exposure standards. A pyro-powder was defined as dry aluminum powder of 200 mesh size (74 ㎛) or smaller (larger size classified as metal dust). Reason for setting: In the workplace survey, the ratio of respiratory dust to total dust was analyzed to be about 1:10, so it was judged that the domestic standard and the ACGIH standard were compatible. Conclusions: In all scenarios according to the revision of the exposure standard, the B/C ratio was greater than 1 or only benefits existed, so it was evaluated as sufficiently reasonable as a result of the socio-economic evaluation.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of sexual behaviors of college students according to internet pornography contact. Methods: Subjects consisted of 472 students of K college located in chungcheongbuk-do. The data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire from May, 21 to May, 31, 2007. Results: Eighty-seven percent (87.3%) of respondents contacted internet pornography. As for the first time they contacted it, forty-eight percent(48.3%) contacted it when they were middle school students. Forty-three percent(43.6%) contacted it one time per several months and twenty-one percent(21.2%) contacted it within 10 minutes. Sexual behaviors(hand grasping, hugging, kiss, masterbation, coitus, pregnancy, love expression in public place) showed significant differences according to Internet pornography contact experience, period, frequency, and time. Conclusion: College administration should investigate sexual behavior patterns according intemet pornography contact and provide all college students regular sexual health promotion program.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.377-393
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• 2016

차량배출가스는 대기오염을 유발하는 주요 요인인 것으로 알려져 있으며, 배출가스 감소를 위한 다양한 정책수립 및 기술개발이 활발히 진행 중이다. 이에 본 연구는 차량의 배출가스 중 호흡기 질환에 특히 유해한 것으로 알려진 질소산화물($NO_x$)과 초미세먼지($PM_{2.5}$)를 대상으로 시공간적 배출량의 패턴을 분석하고 교통기반 공공보건 증진 방안을 제시하였다. 서울외곽순환고속도로를 공간적 분석범위로 설정하고 2015년 1월부터 6월 사이에 수집된 속도와 교통량 자료를 기반으로 배출계수를 이용하여 거시적 모형을 통한 차량배출가스 발생 총량을 추정하였다. 추정된 배출가스 자료에 군집분석을 적용하여 차량배출가스 수준(Level of Vehicle Emission)을 정의하였으며, 평일 차량배출가스 발생량의 물질별 시간대별 공간별 패턴을 분석하였다. 이를 바탕으로 교통기반 공공보건 정책방안을 교통계획 및 교통시설물, 공공보건 정보, 교통운영 및 관리 측면으로 나누어 제시하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 차량배출가스 분석방향 및 전략은 공공보건 정책 마련에 기여할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.166-178
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• 2024

Objectives: The 12 occupational exposure limits(OELs) for chromium and its compounds in Korea were set by applying the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Values (TLVs). However, this is significantly different from the TLVs after the existing TLVs were integrated and withdrawn in 2018, so it is necessary to review the revision. Methods: Various documents related to chromium OELs were reviewed, including the ACGIH TLV Documentations for chromium and its compounds. A field survey was conducted targeting workplaces handling chromium and its compounds. Based on this, a revised OELs were proposed and a socio-economic evaluation was conducted. Results: The OELs for chromium compounds in Korea was first enacted in 2002, and in 2007, the OELs for chromium (hexavalent) compounds (insoluble) was lowered from 0.05 mg/m³ to 0.01 mg/m³. In 2008, the OELs for strontium chromate was newly established as 0.0005 mg/m³, and in 2018, the OELs for calcium chromate was newly established as 0.001 mg/m³. Total chromium and hexavalent chromium were measured for each of 6 samples at 2 welding sites, 4 plating sites, and 2 spray coating sites. When omparing the average of the results measured by ICP, a total chromium analysis method, and the analysis results by IC, a hexavalent chromium analysis method, only workplace 4 was the same, and total chromium was evaluated more, and total chromium was evaluated at 0.0004 to 0.0027 mg/m³. And hexavalent chromium was evaluated as non-detection ~ 0.0014 mg/m³. Amendment ①: The exposure standard for hexavalent chromium is not divided into water soluble, insoluble, chromium ore processing, and other hexavalent chromium compounds, and is integrated into 0.01 mg/m³, which is the level of chromium (hexavalent) compound (insoluble)., OELs for chromium (metal) and chromium (trivalent) compounds are integrated into chromium (trivalent) compounds, and the exposure level is maintained. Amendment ②: As in the amendment ①, the OELs are integrated, but the level is lowered to 0.005 mg/m³, which is the OELs of OSHA, and there is a grace period of 4 years. Amendment ③: As in the amendment ①, the OELs are integrated, but the level is lowered to 0.0002 mg/m³, which is the exposure standard of ACGIH, and there is a grace period of 5 years. Conclusions: Amendment ①: The change in the OELs is insignificant, so the cost required is small, and the benefit/cost ratio is greater than 1, so there is no problem in applying the amendment. Amendment ②: In all scenarios except chromium 6(insoluble), the benefit/cost ratio is greater than 1, so it is thought that there will be no major problem in applying the amendment. Amendment ③: Since the benefit/cost ratio is less than 1 in all scenarios, it is thought that the total social benefit that can be obtained when applying the amendment is not large.

• 복식
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.45-59
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to investigate the religious motive and to clarify the relation between religion and fashion and to predict the trends in the future fashion by analyzing the religious motive in the aspects of inner meanings and methods. 1. We can see ego-superiority as inner meanings of religious motive is expressed mysterious image. Mysterious feeling is reflected in modem fashion in the form of the transparency of light and mysterious color in religious painting that is reemerged as a gorgeous and luxurious sense or it is reflected in modern fashion in the form of borrowing grand ways of art and elements of clothing. And this results from longing for aristocratic gorgeousness and from desire for light that is based on love and salvation. 2. We can see religious motive in modern fashion is a will to be converted to religion because of fin de sie-cle anxiety, and this is reemerged in modem fashion as borrowing of religious symbols in the casual wear or as combination of sacred religious motive with vulgar image and they are going to get mental satisfaction by this. 3. Religious motive has the inner meanings of ethic completion and this is reemerged through covering bodies, minimizing details and using dark tone color by having an inspiration in religious clothing. And this results from antipathy to extreme gorgeousness of modern fashion and excessive exposure and from mental desire for returning to an inner nature.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.49-63
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• 2007

In this study, we inquire into the general concepts of eroticism as it appears in literature and the arts, and use this as a foundation to meditate on the eroticism of attire throughout history. We also ascertained external forms based on the range of "The way we look" by Delong. In this way we inclusively studied both the content and form of modes of eroticism in the perspective of Brodsky's "linked solution." The original concept of eroticism is a technique by which one attains physical passion, referring to a nature which is deeply rooted in the cultural traditions, myths, habits. religion and arts of mankind, inducing expressions of sensual love. We integrated this eroticism in 4 categories: sensuality, which induces beauty; naturality, denoting idealization or rational beauty; primitivity, characterized by grotesque expressions or direct and natural sexual depictions; and symbolism by which sex is symbolically or mechanically projected. The concept of eroticism contains both positive and negative aspects, but rather than dealing with sex in a mechanical or perverted manner to express eroticism, it is more appropriate to guide the direction of modes of eroticism by stimulating the "desire to show" and the "desire to see" with the dialectic of obstruction and exposure as a figurative expression of true passion, and narcistic phenomena in which beauty is expressed through exaggeration or magnification and adhesion.

• 공연문화연구
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• 제18호
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• pp.47-72
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• 2009

본 연구는 궁중 학무의 마임적 요소를 문헌을 통해 살피고, 현행의 학무에서는 어떠한 내용으로 표현되었는지, 그리고 변이된 것과 지속된 것이 무엇인지를 살펴보았을 때 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 학무는 "연못에 핀 연꽃이 신기해 날아 들어와서 춤을 추다가, 연꽃이 신기해 고개를 갸웃거리다 부리로 연꽃을 쪼니 그 꽃이 벌어지면서 사람 [무희]이 나오자 학이 깜짝 놀라 날아 도망간다"는 내용이다. 모두 4단계로 구성되는데, 1단계는 학의 등장이다. 2단계는 지당과 북쪽을 왔다 갔다 하며 춤을 춘다. 3단계는 연통의 궁금증을 유발시키는 내용이다. 4단계는 퇴장이다. 무대 공간적 진행에 제한적 요소가 뒤따르는데, 이동은 동쪽, 서쪽, 남쪽, 북쪽 등으로 한정된다. 이동의 제한성은 내선(內旋)으로 한정되고, 이동 범위도 무진(舞進)과 무퇴(舞退) 두 가지 뿐이다. 방향의 제한성은 북향과 지당(池塘)을 바라보는 것으로 한정되었고, 동작의 제한성은 내족(內足), 외고(外顧), 내고(內顧)이다. 반면 현행에 나타난 학무의 마임적 문화현상은 학의 자연적 생활상을 사실적으로 드러내어 스토리화 한 데에 있다. 학이라는 동물을 소재로 한 것이기 때문에 학의 생활상을 인간생활과 연계시켜 새로운 내용들이 더해져서 사랑이라는 감정을 관객에게 전달하였다. 문헌에서 현행 학무로 발현되는 과정에서 변이된 것이 표현의 다양성이라면, 반면 지속된 것은 공간 이동 방향 동작 등의 궁중예법과 관련된 제한적 요소이다. 그러나 이러한 공간적 제약이 오히려 '사랑'이라는 묘한 감정으로 대신 전달되었고, 무구를 관객에게 노출시키므로 해서 궁금증을 유발시키고 흥미와 신비감을 조성하여 극적효과를 가진다. 결론적으로 궁중 학무에서의 마임이란 관객과의 공감대가 형성되어 관객과의 소통이 이루어진다는 데에 그 의미를 찾을 수 있다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.946-955
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to present the aesthetic values of the Korean traditional costume for developing 'Korean' fashion design can be accepted in general in the modern times. For this purpose, documentary studies about the aesthetic values of the Korean traditional art and Korean traditional costume were preceded. And the perception of the Korean traditional costume were studied according to Belong's two criteria, body priority/ clothes priority and open/closed. Next, the aesthetic values of the Korean traditional costume were re-defined. The results can be summarized as follows; 1) The aesthetic values of the Korean traditional art are the beauty of nature, the purity, and the pleasantry. As the beauty of nature is the important one, the purity is caused by the love of nature. The pleasantry is as a way of expression. 2) The aesthetic values of the Korean traditional costume through the documentary studies stand for as the beauty of nature, the purity, the beauty of evil's eye, the beauty of symbolism, the beauty of personality, the beauty of tragedy and the beauty of tradition. 3) Korean traditional costume are perceived as clothes priority and open. 4) The aesthetic values of the Korean traditional costume can be re-defined as the beauty of nature, the purity, and the pleasantry. The beauty of nature comes from the 'natural' look, the exposure of the fabric as itself and the organic lines of the Korean traditional costume. The purity comes from the geometrical squared clothing form of Korean traditional costume which doesn't revive the human body form. The Pleasantry is seen the colors and motifs of costumes that have the human's hope and incantation and the exaggeration and distortion of human body form.