• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.611-622
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• 2012

"Scaling" plays an important role for safety analyses in the licensing of water cooled nuclear power reactors. Accident analyses, a sub set of safety analyses, is mostly based on nuclear reactor system thermal hydraulics, and therefore based on an adequate experimental data base, and in recent licensing applications, on best estimate computer code calculations. In the field of nuclear reactor technology, only a small set of the needed experiments can be executed at a nuclear power plant; the major part of experiments, either because of economics or because of safety concerns, has to be executed at reduced scale facilities. How to address the scaling issue has been the subject of numerous investigations in the past few decades (a lot of work has been performed in the 80thies and 90thies of the last century), and is still the focus of many scientific studies. The present paper proposes a "roadmap" to scaling. Key elements are the "scaling-pyramid", related "scaling bridges" and a logical path across scaling achievements (which constitute the "scaling puzzle"). The objective is addressing the scaling issue when demonstrating the applicability of the system codes, the "key-to-scaling", in the licensing process of a nuclear power plant. The proposed "road map to scaling" aims at solving the "scaling puzzle", by introducing a unified approach to the problem.

• Journal of Semiconductor Engineering
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.136-141
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• 2021

This paper analyzes the tree expansion for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) detection in the viewpoint of hardware implementation. The tree expansion is to calculate path metrics of child nodes performed in every visit to a node while traversing the detection tree. Accordingly, the tree-expansion unit (TEU), which is responsible for such a task, has been an essential component in a MIMO detector. Despite the paramount importance, the analyses on the TEUs in the literature are not thorough enough. Accordingly, we further investigate the hardware complexity of the TEUs to suggest a guideline for selection. In this paper, we focus on a pair of major ways to implement the TEU: 1) a full parallel realization; 2) a transformation of the formulae followed by common subexpression elimination (CSE). For a logical comparison, the numbers of multipliers and adders are first enumerated. To evaluate them in a more practical manner, the TEUs are implemented in a 65-nm CMOS process, and their propagation delays, gate counts, and power consumptions were measured explicitly. Considering the target specification of a MIMO system and the implementation results comprehensively, one can choose which architecture to adopt in realizing a detector.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.1-11
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• 2020

With the activation of OTT and VOD services, the viewing behavior is rapidly changing, but the programming regulation has not escaped the ratio regulation in the same way as in the past. Therefore, this paper aims to examine the policy validity of the current organization ratio regulation and to suggest improvement directions based on this. To this end, the policy objectives and background at the time of the introduction of the domestic organization ratio regulation were considered and compared with the current status of the broadcasting market. As a result, this study found that it is difficult to apply the logical framework of asymmetric regulation at the time of the formation ratio regulation into the current status of broadcasting market, the existing framework was established and hold in the mutual relationship of various stake holders formed based on the asymmetric regulation. It was pointed out that the typical pattern of path dependency repeating only fine adjustment of ratio was shown. Based on this, this study suggests that it needs to be divided into the regulation by the public interest and the regulation by the industrial purpose according to the purpose of regulation, and it is necessary to be limited to the direct regulation corresponding to the public interest of the viewer. Also this study proposes that it is necessary to separate the regulation from promotion policies as well as to resolute asymmetric regulation in broadcasting policies.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.42 no.9 s.339
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• pp.85-96
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• 2005

A ' Virtual Private Network (YPN) over Internet' has the benefits of being cost-effective and flexible. However, given the increasing demands for high bandwidth Internet and for reliable services in a 'VPN over Intemet,' an IP/GMPLS over DWDM backbone network is regarded as a very favorable approach for the future 'Optical VPN (OVPN)' due to the benefits of transparency and high data rate. Nevertheless, OVPN still has survivability issues such that a temporary fault can lose a large amount of data in seconds, moreover unauthorized physical attack can also be made on purpose to eavesdrop the network through physical components. Also, logical attacks can manipulate or stop the operation of GMPLS control messages and menace the network survivability of OVPN. Thus, network survivability in OVPN (i.e. fault/attack tolerant recovery mechanism considering physical structure and optical components, and secured transmission of GMPLS control messages) is rising as a critical issue. In this Paper, we propose a new path establishment scheme under shared risk link group (SRLG) constraint for physical network survivability. And we also suggest a new logical survivability management mechanism by extending resource reservation protocol-traffic engineering extension (RSVP-TE+) and link management protocol (LMP). Finally, according to the results of our simulation, the proposed algorithms are revealed more effective in the view point of survivability.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.166-182
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• 2016

This study intended to verify the impact of non-verbal communication of servers in the service industry on the affective path among customer's positive emotion, self-identification, and loyalty(behavioral and attitudinal loyalty). The data of 397 customers of typical fast food restaurants in Busan and Gyeongsangbuk-do area were analyzed with SPSS and AMOS, and the hypotheses were verified through structural equation model after frequency analysis, as well as exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. According to the empirical analysis, all three components of server non-verbal communication in the service industry, body language, pseudo language, and body appearance, in respective order, had positive (+) influences on the positive emotion of customers. In addition, customer emotion had a positive (+) influence on brand self-identification. Finally, self-identification had a positive (+) influence on behavior loyalty and attitudinal loyalty. This study suggested practical implications and logical implications in the course of developing emotional loyalty for restaurant companies.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.21-33
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• 2007

An overlay network is a virtual network which is constructed on top of a physical computer network. A node in the overlay network is connected through virtual or logical links, where each link corresponds to a path of the links in the underlying physical network. Overlay networks are suitable for sharing heterogeneous resources in distributed environments, However, overlay networks are limited for achieving reliable communication that failure detection in overlay networks is a very important issue. In this paper, we review conditions of conventional failure detection and propose a new approach to failure detection and resilience which can be applied to HRing (Hierarchical Ring) overlay networks. The proposed method consists of the failure detection and the failure resilience phases. Because it utilizes the characteristics of the HRing overlay network for failure detection, it can reduce unnecessary network traffic and provide better scalability and flexibility. We also analyzed and evaluated the performance of the proposed approach through simulations.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.9-15
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• 2005

In this research the discharge characteristics of logic gate of the discharge logic gate plasma display panel with the NOT-AND logic function newly designed was analyzed. As for this discharge logic gate a logical output is induced by controlling the voltage between the electrodes using the discharge path. From the experimental result the discharge characteristics of logic gate is influenced by the interrelation of the voltages appling two vertical electrodes. To in the application possibility to large screen PDP, the discharge characteristics by the line resistance of the electrode was evaluated In result it has been inferred that the influence which the drop of voltage by the line resistance of two vertical electrodes exerts on the discharge of the logic gate is minute. Through the experiment, the optimized values of the pulse voltages and the current limitation resistances of each electrode which composed the discharge logic gate were obtained and maximum operation margin of 49[V] was obtained.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.675-683
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• 2009

RC6 which has different algorithm of encryption and decryption has been proposed to have the same algorithm between encryption and decryption through inserting symmetry layer using simple rotate and logical operation. That means the half of whole RC6 round uses encryption algorithm and the rest of it uses decryption one and symmetry layer has been put into the middle of encryption and decryption. The proposed RC6 algorithm has no difference with the original one in the speed of process. However it is quite safe because by inserting symmetry layer the path of high probability which is needed for differential and linear analysis is cut off so that it is hard to be analyzed. The proposed symmetry layer algorithm can be easily applied to the algorithm which has different encryption and decryption and make it same, and it can be good idea to be used to design a new block cipher algorithm.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.247-250
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• 2008

RC6 which has different algorithm of encryption and decryption has been implemented to have the same algorithm between encryption' and decryption though inserting symmetry layer using simple rotate and logical operation. That means the half of whole RC6 round uses encryption algorithm and the rest of it uses decryption one and symmetry layer has been put into the middle of encryption and decryption. The proposed RC6 algorithm has no difference with the original one in the speed of process. However it is quite safe because by inserting symmetry layer the path of high probability which is needed for differential and linear analysis is cut oft so that it is hard to be analyzed. The proposed algorithm can be easily applied to the algorithm which has different encryption and decryption an make it same, and it can be good idea to be used to design a new block cipher algorithm.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.269-279
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• 2004

A new online multi-layer integrated routing (MLIR) scheme that combines IP (electrical) layer routing with WDM (optical) layer routing is investigated. It is a highly efficient and cost-effective routing scheme viable for the next generation integrated optical Internet. A new simplified weighted graph model for the integrated optical Internet consisted of optical routers with multi-granularity optical-electrical hybrid switching capability is firstly proposed. Then, based on the proposed graph model, we develop an online integrated routing scheme called differentiated weighted fair algorithm (DWFA) employing adaptive admission control (routing) strategies with the motivation of service/bandwidth differentiation, which can jointly solve multi-layer routing problem by simply applying the minimal weighted path computation algorithm. The major objective of DWFA is fourfold: 1) Quality of service (QoS) routing for traffic requests with various priorities; 2) blocking fairness for traffic requests with various bandwidth granularities; 3) adaptive routing according to the policy parameters from service provider; 4) lower computational complexity. Simulation results show that DWFA performs better than traditional overlay routing schemes such as optical-first-routing (OFR) and electrical-first-routing (EFR), in terms of traffic blocking ratio, traffic blocking fairness, average traffic logical hop counts, and global network resource utilization. It has been proved that the DWFA is a simple, comprehensive, and practical scheme of integrated routing in optical Internet for service providers.