• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.272-277
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• 2001

In order to evaluate variation of fatigue data of the LP steam turbine blade steel, it is important to estimate P - S - N curves to accurately define the probability distributions. In this study, new procedure is introduced to determine the expression of P - S - N curves. For this purpose, 3-parameter Weibull distribution was found to be most appropriate among assumed distributions when the probability distributions of the fatigue life were examined by the proposed analysis. Furthermore, parameter estimation for P - S - N curves was performed using various optimization to maximize the correlation coefficient. As a result of this, sequential linear programing method is used for estimation of P - S - N curves.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.29-35
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• 2016

Because of the severe service environment of the large marine vessel, the fatigue strength and its evaluation play an important role in design and maintenance of marine crankshaft. The aim of this work is to investigate the probability distribution of fatigue lives in crank throw forged steel and to develop the methodology for estimation of the probabilistic design fatigue strength. Detailed studies were performed on the constant amplitude axial loading fatigue test. The experiments were controlled by stress ratio of -1 and 15Hz frequency for each stress level. The considerable variability of fatigue life was observed in each stress level under rigidly controlled constant fatigue testing conditions. The fatigue life of crank throw forged steel was well followed the log-normal and Weibull distribution. In addition, it can be used for the estimation of probabilistic design fatigue strength by using the proposed methodology.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2017

Magnetic properties of CoPt nanoparticles (average size = 2.1 nm) encapsulated in synthesized protein shell have been investigated with SQUID (Superconducting Quantum Interference Device) magnetometer and analyzed by the recently developed non-equilibrium magnetization calculation by our group [T. H. Lee et al., Phys. Rev. B 90, 184411 (2014)]. Field dependence of magnetization measured at 2 K was successfully analyzed with modified Langevin function. In addition, small hysteresis loops having the coercive field of 890 Oe were observed at 2 K. Temperature dependence of magnetization has been measured with zero field cooled (ZFC) and field cooled (FC) protocol with slightly modified sequence in accordance with non-equilibrium magnetization calculation. The analysis on the M vs. T data revealed that the anisotropy energy barrier distribution is found to be very different from the log-normal distribution found in a size distribution. Zero temperature coercive field and Bloch coefficient have also been extracted from the analysis and the validity of those values is checked.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.269-276
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• 1992

Typical lebvels of heavy metal exposure for humans may be attributed to four components in the environment ; food, inhaled air, various types of dust, and drinking water. To assess the health risk of lead, it is necessary to estimate the blood lead levels in the populations of concern under various air lead concentrations. The blood lead levels of the population in Seoul and Yeoju are estimated by Biokinetic model for the risk assessment in this study. The differences in blood lead levels between areas of different land use are not dominant but some differences show among different age groups and sex. Blood lead levels of the population show log normal distribution. The geometric standard deviation values of blood lead levels are in the range of 1.25 ~ 1.39, it is somewhat smaller than the values in the general U.S pollution which are determined to be from 1.31 to 1.41 by the U.S. EPA.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.194-196
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• 1999

대기나 수용액 속에 부유 입자는 서로 충돌하여 합쳐져서 그 크기가 커지게 된다. 이러한 과정을 응집(Coagulation)이라고 하며, 이는 대기중 부유입자의 농도 및 크기분포의 변화, 구름 속에서의 빗방울형성 등에 매우 중요한 기작 중의 하나이다. 응집방정식은 일반적으로 비선형 편미적분 방정식으로 표현되어 일반 해를 구하는 것은 불가능하다. 이러한 이유로 응집방정식을 풀 때에는 수치 해석적인 방법이 주로 이용되고 있다.(Tolof, 1977; Gelbard and Seinfeld, 1978; Reed ea al., 1980; Mick et al., 1991).(중략)

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.191-193
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• 1999

닫힌 반응기 내부에 부유하는 에어로졸 입자들의 크기분포는 응집, 응축, 확산에 의한 침착, 중력침강 및 누출과 같은 여러 기작들에 의해 변화한다. 특히 확산 및 중력침강에 의해 일어나는 입자의 침착(deposition)은 에어로졸 측정기기의 오차분석, 호흡기내부의 미세입자 침착, 건물내부의 입자상 물질의 농도 및 크기분포 변화 등 여러 응용분야에 관련되는 중요한 기작이다.(중략)

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 2007

In this paper, an iterative MAP approach using a Bayesian model based on the lognormal distribution for image intensity and a GRF for image texture is proposed for despeckling the SAR images that are corrupted by multiplicative speckle noise. When the image intensity is logarithmically transformed, the speckle noise is approximately Gaussian additive noise, and it tends to a normal probability much faster than the intensity distribution. MRFs have been used to model spatially correlated and signal-dependent phenomena for SAR speckled images. The MRF is incorporated into digital image analysis by viewing pixel types as slates of molecules in a lattice-like physical system defined on a GRF Because of the MRF-SRF equivalence, the assignment of an energy function to the physical system determines its Gibbs measure, which is used to model molecular interactions. The proposed Point-Jacobian Iterative MAP estimation method was first evaluated using simulation data generated by the Monte Carlo method. The methodology was then applied to data acquired by the ESA's ERS satellite on Nonsan area of Korean Peninsula. In the extensive experiments of this study, The proposed method demonstrated the capability to relax speckle noise and estimate noise-free intensity.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.57-65
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• 2016

This study found a proper parametric life distribution based on maintenance history data of each bridge member under the jurisdiction of the Korea Expressway Corporation for the past 10 years by introducing the concept of reliability and suggested a measure to calculate the mean life and reliability of each bridge member using the parameter obtained with the maximum-likelihood classification. As a result of analyzing the exponential distribution, weibull distribution and log normal distribution being utilized frequently in order to find the parametric life distribution type which well described the life data of each bridge member, it was found that the log normal distribution and weibull distribution described the characteristics of the relevant life data the best. As a result of calculating the mean life of each bridge member based on the estimated parameter, the average life of the steel bridge coating was 18.51 years which was the longest, followed by the bridge deck as 17.56 years. The mean life of the drainage facility and the bridge bearing were 12.27 years and 12.57 years respectively, showing the shortest life.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.4232-4241
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• 1976

This study was carried out to clarify the stochastic characteristics of monthly rainfalls and to select a proper model for generating the sequential monthly rainfall amounts. The results abtained are as follows: 1. Log-Normal distribution function is the best fit theoretical distribution function to the empirical distribution of monthly rainfall amounts. 2. Seasonal and random components are found to exist in the time series of monthly rainfall amounts and non-stationarity is shown from the correlograms. 3. The Monte Carlo model shows a tendency to underestimate the mean values and standard deviations of monthly rainfall amounts. 4. The 1st order Markov model reproduces means, standard deviations, and coefficient of skewness with an error of ten percent or less. 5. A correlogram derived from the data generated by 1st order Markov model shows the charaterstics of historical data exactly. 6. It is concluded that the 1st order Markov model is superior to the Monte Carlo model in their reproducing ability of stochastic properties of monthly rainfall amounts.

• Water for future
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.80-88
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• 1975

In this paper the authors established the best fit distribution function by applying the concept of probabiaity to the annual minimum flow of nine areas along the Nakdong river basin which is one of the largest Korean rivers and calculated the probable minimum flow suitable to those distribution function. Lastly, the authors tried to establish the best method to estimate the probable minimun flow by comparing some frequency analysis methods. The results obtained are as follows (1) It was considered that the extremal distribution type III was the most suitable one in the distributional types as a result of the comparision with Exponential distribution, Log-Normal distribution, Extremal distribution type-III and so on. (2) It was found that the formula of extremal distribution type-II for the estimation of probable minimum flow gave the best result in deciding the probable minimum flow of the Nakdong river basin. Therfore, it is recommended that the probable minimum flow should be estimated by using the extremal distribution type-III method. (3) It could be understood that in the probable minimum flow the average non-excessive probability appeared to be $Po{\fallingdotseq}1-\frac{1}{2T}$ and gave the same values of the probable variable without any difference in the various methods of plotting technique.