• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• 제40권2호
• /
• pp.125-131
• /
• 2010

A bioequivalence study of LANIDIEM$^{(R)}$ tablet 4 mg (Samil. Co., Ltd.) to Vaxar$^{(R)}$ tablet 4 mg (GlaxoSmithKline Co., Ltd.) was conducted according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Forty healthy male Korean volunteers were enrolled in the study and thirty six volunteers completed the study according to the protocol. Thirty six volunteers received each medicine at the lacidipine dose of 4 mg in a $2{\times}2$ crossover study. There was one week wash-out period between the doses. Plasma concentrations of lacidipine were monitored by a high performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for over a period of 24 hours after drug administration. $AUC_t$ (the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to 24 hr) was calculated by the linear trapezoidal rule method. $C_{max}$ (maximum plasma drug concentration) and $T_{max}$ (time to reach $C_{max}$) were compiled from the plasma concentration-time data. Analysis of variance was carried out using logarithmically transformed $AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$. No significant sequence effect was found for all of the bioavailability parameters indicating that the crossover design was properly performed. The 90% confidence intervals of the $AUC_t$ ratio and the $C_{max}$ ratio for LANIDIEM$^{(R)}$/Vaxar$^{(R)}$ were log 0.8102~log 1.0417 and log 0.8493~log 1.1439, respectively. These values were within the acceptable bioequivalence intervals of log 0.80~log 1.25. Thus, our study demonstrated the bioequivalence of LANIDIEM$^{(R)}$ tablet 4 mg and Vaxar$^{(R)}$ tablet 4 mg with respect to the rate and extent of absorption.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• 제38권6호
• /
• pp.421-427
• /
• 2008

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two etodolac capsules, Kuhnillodin capsule (Kuhnil. Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea) as reference drug and Etodin capsule (Myungmun Pharm. Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea) as test drug, according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Twenty-three healthy male Korean volunteers received one capsule at the dose of 200 mg etodolac in a $2{\times}2$ crossover study. There was a one-week washout period between the doses. Plasma concentrations of etodolac were monitored by a high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for over a period of 24 hr after the administration. $AUC_{0-24\;hr}$ was calculated by the linear trapezoidal rule method. $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ were compiled from the plasma concentration-time data. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out using logarithmically transformed $AUC_{0-24\;hr}$ and $C_{max}$. The 90% confidence intervals of the $AUC_{0-24\;hr}$ ratio and the $C_{max}$ ratio for Etodin/Kuhnillodin were $\log\;0.97{\sim}\log\;1.08$ and $\log\;0.89{\sim}\log\;1.19$, respectively. These values were within the acceptable bioequivalence intervals of $\log\;0.80{\sim}\log\;1.25$. Thus, our study demonstrated that Etodin was bioeqiovalent to Kuhnillodin preparation when the rate and extent of absorption between two preparations were compared.

• 대한기계학회논문집
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.425-433
• /
• 1983

Fatigue tests by axial loading (R=0.1) were carried out to investigate fatigue crack growth properties of small surface cracks in mild steel at room temperature, 250.deg. C and 400.deg. C, by using flat specimens with a small artificial pit. All the data of the fatigue crack growth rate obtained in the present tests are determined as a function of the stress intensity factor range, so that the applicability of liner fracture mechanics to the fatigue crack growth of surface cracks at elevated temperatures is investigated and discussed in comparison with the data of type 304 stainless steel at room temperature and elevated temperature. The obtained results are as follows: 1) Relations of both surface fatigue crack length and its depth to cycle ratio fall within a narrow scatter band in spite of different stress levels. 2) The .DELTA. .sigma. .root. .pi. a-da/dN relation of surface fatigue crack growth at room temperature is independent of the stress level and can be plotted as a straight line at log-log diagram, but the relation at 400.deg. C depends partly on the stress level. 3) Relations of the fatigue crack growth into depth d(2b)/dN and is stress intensity factor range .DELTA. $K_{I}$, accounted for the aspect ratio variation, fall within a narrow scatter band for wide range of the applied stress levels. And .DELTA. $K_{I}$E-d(2b)/dN relations of mild steel at different stress level coincide relatively well with the data of type 304 stainless steel. 4) The value of aspect ratio obtained by a beach mark method and a temper coloring method approaches about 0.9 in common with crack growth and it is independent of stress level and temperatures. 5) The equi-crack length curve is parallel to S-N$_{f}$ curve at elevated temperatures.s.s.s.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제36권10C호
• /
• pp.597-604
• /
• 2011

본 논문에서는 의료용 in-body WBAN (Wireless Body Area Network) 시스템을 위한 GM (Group Manchester code) 변조 방식을 제안한다. 현재 IEEE에서는 WBAN 시스템을 802.15. TG (Task Group) 6로 지정하고 이에 관한 표준화를 진행하고 있다. 높은 전력 효율이 요구되는 WBAN 시스템을 위해 최근 표준화 그룹에서는 PPM(Pulse Position Modulation) 신호 간의 grouping을 통하여 전송률 이득을 얻을 수 있는 GPPM (Group Pulse Position Modulation) 변조 방식이 제안된 바 있으나, 기존 GPPM 방식은 복조 과정의 SNR 손실 및 gray coding의 부재로 인한 BER 성능 열화가 나타나는 단점이 존재한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 PPM 보다 잡음 성능이 우수한 Manchester code를 기반으로, GM 방식의 BER 성능 최대화를 위한 복조 방식 및 turbo coded GM을 위한 LLR (Log Likelihood Ratio) 판정 방식을 제안하였으며, 다양한 성능 2 분석을 통해 제안된 방식의 우수성을 입증하였다.

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
• /
• 제19권9호
• /
• pp.1787-1793
• /
• 2018

그림자는 자연 경관에서 관찰되는 일반적인 현상이지만 물체 인식, 특징 검출 및 장면 분석등과 같은 영상 분석에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 요소이므로 디지털 영상에 포함된 그림자 처리는 디지털 영상 분석 과정에서 필수적으로 고려되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 단일 자연 영상에 포함된 그림자를 검출하고 제거하기 위한 특징 요소 중의 하나인 1D 불변 영상의 획득을 위한 기존 방법들에 대해 기술하고, 선형 회귀 기반의 1D 불변 영상 획득 방법을 제안하였다. 제안하는 방법은 RGB 칼라 영상의 각 채널 간의 밴드 비의 로그를 계산한 후 선형 회귀를 통해 그레이스케일 영상 라인을 획득하고, 최종 1D 불변 영상은 밴드 비의 로그 영상들을 추정된 그레이스케일 영상 라인으로 투영시켜 획득하였다. 실험 결과, 제안하는 방법이 기존의 엔트로피 최소화 기반의 투영 각도를 계산하는 방법보다 계산 복잡도가 낮았으며, 1D 불변 영상을 이용한 그림자가 검출 및 제거가 효과적으로 수행됨을 보였다.

• 천문학회보
• /
• 제37권2호
• /
• pp.83.2-83.2
• /
• 2012

Type I AGNs are classified by the presence of broad emission lines while Type II AGNs show narrow emission lines only. All-sky surveys such as SDSS provide large AGN samples for statistical studies. However, the AGN samples suffer selection bias due to the incomplete selection criteria. To investigate the missing Type I AGNs in optical spectroscopic surveys, we start with a sample of SDSS Type II AGNs at 0.02 < z < 0.05, using the MPA-JHU SDSS DR7 catalog. We search for the hidden broad $H{\alpha}$ component with both visual inspection and the multi-component spectral decomposition method. Out of 1383 Type II AGNs, we find a total of 62 missing Type I AGNs (~4.5%). The sample has mean black hole mass, log $(M_{BH}/M_{SUN))=6.48{\pm}0.53$, and luminosity, log $(L_{H{\alpha}}/ergs^{-1})=40.52{\pm}0.33$, with Eddington ratio, log $(L_{bol}/L_{Edd})=-1.51{\pm}0.41$. We will describe the sample and present the $M_{BH}-{\sigma}_*$, and $M_{BH}-M_*$ relations of the sample in the context of the BH-galaxy coevolution.

• 한국석유지질학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국석유지질학회 1998년도 제5차 학술발표회 발표논문집
• /
• pp.10-14
• /
• 1998

A systematic methodology is developed for the electrofacies determination from wireline log data using multivariate statistical analysis. To consider corresponding contribution of each log and reduce the computational dimension, multivariate logs are transformed into a single variable through principal components analysis. Resultant principal components logs are segmented using the statistical zonation method to enhance the efficiency and quality of the interpreted results. Hierarchical cluster analysis is then used to group the segments into electrofacies. Optimal number of groups is determined on the basis of the ratio of within-group variance to total variance and core data. This technique is applied to the wells in the Korea Continental Shelf. The results of field application demonstrate that the prediction of lithology based on the electrofacies classification matches well to the core and the cutting data with high reliability This methodology for electrofacies classification can be used to define the reservoir characteristics which are helpful to the reservoir management.

• 한국방송∙미디어공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국방송공학회 2011년도 하계학술대회
• /
• pp.85-88
• /
• 2011

This paper describes a single channel speech enhancement as the pre-processor of automatic speech recognition system. The improvements are based on using optimally modified log-spectra (OM-LSA) gain function with a non-causal a priori signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) estimation. Experimental results show that the proposed method gives better perceptual evaluation of speech quality score (PESQ) and lower log-spectral distance, and also better word accuracy. In the enhancement system, parameters was turned for automatic speech recognition.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전자공학회 2003년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집 I
• /
• pp.537-540
• /
• 2003

본 논문에서는 터보 디코더에 사용되는 MAP 알고리즘의 저전력 구조를 제안한다. 터보 디코더 알고리즘 중 하나인 MAP 알고리즘은 많은 메모리 사이즈와 복잡한 연산량을 가진다. 본 논문에서는 메모리 사이즈를 줄이기 위하여 두 번의 상태 천이(branch metric) 과정을 하나로 통합 계산하는 방식을 제안하였다. 제안된 방식으로 구한 상태 천이 값을 이용해서 FSM(Forward State Metric)값을 구하면 BM(branch metric)값이 다음 상태의 FSM에 포함되어지므로 APP(A Posteriori Probability)를 계산할 때 BM부분이 빠져 LLR(Log Likelihood Ratio)의 연산량을 줄일 수 있다. 실험결과 기존의 MAP 알고리즘과 동일 성능을 가지면서 MAP 알고리즘을 개선한 Pietrobon 알고리즘을 log-MAP 알고리즘에 적용하여 LLR 연산량을 비교했을 때 덧셈 연산을 반으로 줄일 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.135-144
• /
• 2003

This work is concerned with comparison of the recently developed disparity measures for the partial association model in three dimensional categorical data. Data are generated by using simulation on each term in the log-linear model equation based on the partial association model, which is a proposed method in this paper. This alternative Monte Carlo methods are explored to study the behavior of disparity measures such as the power divergence statistic I(λ), the Pearson chi-square statistic X$^2$, the likelihood ratio statistic G$^2$, the blended weight chi-square statistic BWCS(λ), the blended weight Hellinger distance statistic BWHD(λ), and the negative exponential disparity statistic NED(λ) for moderate sample sizes. We find that the power divergence statistic I(2/3) and the blended weight Hellinger distance family BWHD(1/9) are the best tests with respect to size and power.