• 제목/요약/키워드: Location Determination Technology

검색결과 110건 처리시간 0.027초

The volcanic aspect on determining Site of nuclear power plant in Indonesia: Gap analysis between standard and regulations

  • Widjanarko;Budi Santoso;Rismiyanto;Kurnia Anzhar;Joko Waluyo;Gustini H. Sayid;Khusnul Khotimah;Nicholas Bertony Saputra;Agus Teguh Pranoto;Hadi Suntoko;Siti Alimah;Sriyana;Roni Cahya Ciputra;Alfitri Meliana
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제56권7호
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    • pp.2875-2880
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    • 2024
  • The development of nuclear power plants is in three phases. The first phase is a consideration before the decision on the NPP construction program is approved, the second phase is the preparatory work for making contracts and preparing for the construction of NPP after the NPP construction policy is approved, and the third phase is contracting, licensing and building the first NPP. As a volcanically active country, Indonesia contains over 130 active volcanoes that are part of the Pacific Ring of Fire. The volcanic aspect is one of the safety factors considered while deciding the location of an NPP. Research on the potential of natural external risks to the determination of nuclear power plants in Indonesia, including the volcanic aspect, has been conducted based on the safety reference or safety guide of the IAEA and the Nuclear Energy Regulatory Body (BAPETEN) Regulation. Due to technological advancements, safety needs have evolved so the existing Indonesia National Standard (SNI) must be updated to comply with BAPETEN regulations. The substance in SNI 18-2034-1990 relating to volcanic features seems less relevant in actual conditions, given that more complete and exact criteria for determining a site guarantee the safety and health of residents and surrounding the environment site. The study intends to conduct a gap analysis of volcanic issues in SNI and volcanic regulations. The method used is identification requirements for volcanic aspects in SNI 18-2034-1990 about Determining Site of Nuclear Reactor Guidance with BAPETEN Chairman Regulation (BCR) number 4 of 2018 about Nuclear Installation Site Evaluation Safety Provisions and BCR number 5 of 2015 about Evaluation of Nuclear Installation Sites for Volcanic Aspects, and analysis uses a qualitative method of inductive techniques. The outcome of this research applies to suggesting a revision of SNI number 18-2034-1990, especially the volcanic aspect.

접근성 지표를 도입한 보행로 서비스 수준의 영향요인 규명 (Determination of Key Factors for the Pedestrian LOS Introducing the Accessibility Index)

  • 최성택;추상호;장진영
    • 대한교통학회지
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    • 제33권6호
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    • pp.584-597
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    • 2015
  • 보행로 서비스 수준 평가에 활용된 기존 지표는 보행의 양적인 측면에만 집중한다는 점에서 서비스 수준을 올바르게 평가하지 못하는 한계점을 갖고 있다. 이를 극복하기 위해 본 연구는 평가를 위한 효과척도로 접근성 지표를 제안하였다. 특히 대중교통수단과 보행로간의 접근성에 주목하여 변수를 구축하였다. 본 연구는 3단계로 구성된다. 1단계에서는 버스와 지하철 등의 대중교통 지표를 활용해 접근성 변수를 수단별로 정의하였다. 2단계에서는 접근성 변수와 보행류율간의 상관관계를 검토하였다. 3단계에서는 접근성 변수를 포함한 보행로 서비스 수준의 영향요인을 규명하는 모형을 개발하였다. 개발 결과, 접근성, 보행로 기하구조, 주거와 상업 등의 토지이용 용도 등이 보행로 서비스 수준에 영향을 끼치는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 접근성, 상업용도 면적 비율은 보행 활동을 유인하여 서비스 수준을 떨어트리는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이와 함께 지장물과 버스 정류장이 입지하는 경우에도 서비스 수준은 하락하였다. 그러나 주거면적 비율이 높거나 유효보도폭이 넓을수록 서비스 수준은 향상되는 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 결과는 보행로 서비스 수준 산정, 유효보도폭 결정 등의 분야에 활용될 수 있다.

Determination and Variation of Core Bacterial Community in a Two-Stage Full-Scale Anaerobic Reactor Treating High-Strength Pharmaceutical Wastewater

  • Ma, Haijun;Ye, Lin;Hu, Haidong;Zhang, Lulu;Ding, Lili;Ren, Hongqiang
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제27권10호
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    • pp.1808-1819
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    • 2017
  • Knowledge on the functional characteristics and temporal variation of anaerobic bacterial populations is important for better understanding of the microbial process of two-stage anaerobic reactors. However, owing to the high diversity of anaerobic bacteria, close attention should be prioritized to the frequently abundant bacteria that were defined as core bacteria and putatively functionally important. In this study, using MiSeq sequencing technology, the core bacterial community of 98 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was determined in a two-stage upflow blanket filter reactor treating pharmaceutical wastewater. The core bacterial community accounted for 61.66% of the total sequences and accurately predicted the sample location in the principal coordinates analysis scatter plot as the total bacterial OTUs did. The core bacterial community in the first-stage (FS) and second-stage (SS) reactors were generally distinct, in that the FS core bacterial community was indicated to be more related to a higher-level fermentation process, and the SS core bacterial community contained more microbes in syntrophic cooperation with methanogens. Moreover, the different responses of the FS and SS core bacterial communities to the temperature shock and influent disturbance caused by solid contamination were fully investigated. Co-occurring analysis at the Order level implied that Bacteroidales, Selenomonadales, Anaerolineales, Syneristales, and Thermotogales might play key roles in anaerobic digestion due to their high abundance and tight correlation with other microbes. These findings advance our knowledge about the core bacterial community and its temporal variability for future comparative research and improvement of the two-stage anaerobic system operation.

The Position/Orientation Determination of a Mobile-Task Robot Using an Active Calibration Scheme

  • Jin, Tae-Seok;Lee, Jang-Myung
    • Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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    • 제17권10호
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    • pp.1431-1442
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    • 2003
  • A new method of estimating the pose of a mobile-task robot is developed based upon an active calibration scheme. The utility of a mobile-task robot is widely recognized, which is formed by the serial connection of a mobile robot and a task robot. To be an efficient and precise mobile-task robot, the control uncertainties in the mobile robot should be resolved. Unless the mobile robot provides an accurate and stable base, the task robot cannot perform various tasks. For the control of the mobile robot, an absolute position sensor is necessary. However, on account of rolling and slippage of wheels on the ground, there does not exist any reliable position sensor for the mobile robot. This paper proposes an active calibration scheme to estimate the pose of a mobile robot that carries a task robot on the top. The active calibration scheme is to estimate a pose of the mobile robot using the relative position/orientation to a known object whose location, size, and shape are known a priori. For this calibration, a camera is attached on the top of the task robot to capture the images of the objects. These images are used to estimate the pose of the camera itself with respect to the known objects. Through the homogeneous transformation, the absolute position/orientation of the camera is calculated and propagated to get the pose of a mobile robot. Two types of objects are used here as samples of work-pieces: a polygonal and a cylindrical object. With these two samples, the proposed active calibration scheme is verified experimentally.

다단계 전송 신호 강도 기술을 이용한 보행자 위치 측정 방법 (Pedestrian Positioning Method using Multi-Level Transmission Signal Strength)

  • 이명수;김주원;이상선
    • 한국통신학회논문지
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    • 제40권1호
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    • pp.124-131
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    • 2015
  • 본 논문에서는 Zigbee 무선통신모듈과 RSS(Received Signal Strength) 측위 방식을 이용하여 다단계 TSS(Transmission Signal Strength)기술을 적용한 실내측위 시스템을 제안하고자 한다. 특히 실내공간에서 효과적으로 사용할 수 있는 확률적 알고리즘과 영역인식 알고리즘을 적용하여 위치정+확도에 대한 신뢰를 높이고자 하였다. 또한 1차원공간과 2차원 공간에서의 실험을 통해 공간의 형태에 따라 반사나, 회절, 멀티패스 등의 영향으로 변화하는 전파환경을 고려한 효과적인 측위 시스템을 확인하고자 하였다. 특히 약자나 환자에 대한 긴급 상황 발생 시 해당 위치를 찾아 신속한 대응이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구의 측위 시스템은 교통 IT 분야에 적용하여 사용 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Energy Storage Application Strategy on DC Electric Railroad System using a Novel Railroad Analysis Algorithm

  • Lee, Han-Sang;Lee, Han-Min;Lee, Chang-Mu;Jang, Gil-Soo;Kim, Gil-Dong
    • Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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    • 제5권2호
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    • pp.228-238
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    • 2010
  • There is an increasing interest in research to help overcome the energy crisis that has been focused on energy storage applications in various parts of power systems. Energy storage systems are good at enhancing the reliability or improving the efficiency of a power system by creating a time gap between the generation and the consumption of power. As a contribution to the various applications of storage devices, this paper describes a novel algorithm that determines the power and storage capacity of selected energy storage devices in order to improve upon railroad system efficiency. The algorithm is also demonstrated by means of simulation studies for the Korean railroad lines now in service. A part of this novel algorithm includes the DC railroad powerflow algorithm that considers the mobility of railroad vehicles, which is necessary because the electric railroad system has a distinct distribution system where the location and power of vehicles are not fixed values. In order to derive a more accurate powerflow result, this algorithm has been designed to consider the rail voltage as well as the feeder voltage for calculating the vehicle voltage. By applying the resultant control scheme, the charging or discharging within a specific voltage boundary, energy savings and a substation voltage stabilization using storage devices are achieved at the same time.

Time Frequency Domain Reflectometry 기법을 이용한 Coaxial Cable에서의 결함 감지 및 추정 (Detection and Estimation of a Faults on Coaxial Cable with TFDR Algorithm)

  • 송은석;신용준;최덕선;육종관;박진배
    • 한국항행학회논문지
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    • 제7권1호
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    • pp.38-50
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    • 2003
  • 본 논문에서는 도선상에서 발생하는 결함 위치와 이상 유무를 감지하는 새로운 고분해능 반사측정법인 시간-주파수 영역반사측정법 (TFDR, Time-Frequency Domain Reflectometry)을 제안하였다. 고전적인 반사측정법들은 단지 시간 또는 주파수의 한 영역에서 분석되어져 왔으나, 본 논문에서 제시한 TFDR은 도선의 결함 위치와 이상 유무를 발견하기 위해 과도신호의 시간과 주파수 영역의 정보를 동시에 이용할 수 있는 시간-주파수 분석기법으로 특성화하였다. TFDR의 기준신호 설계는 측정 케이블의 물리적 성질들을 고려하여 주파수 밴드를 결정하며, 도선의 결함감지와 추정은 시간-주파수 상호상관관계 함수에 의해 이루어진다. TFDR 시스템을 이용하여 여러 결함 상태를 가진 실제 coaxial cable (RG-142, RG-400)에 대해 실험하였고 정확성을 입증하기 위해 TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) 장비와 성능을 비교하였다. 본 논문에서는 TFDR이 TDR보다 작은 오차로 결함을 찾아냄을 나타내고 있으며, 측정된 정확도는 TFDR의 오차율이 0.5% 이하로 TDR (54750A/54754A) 장비보다 성능이 월등히 우수하다는 것을 알 수 있다.

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방사선 근접치료의 디지털 정도관리 가능성 확인을 위한 HgI2 Unit Cell 선량계의 제작 및 평가 (Fabrication and Evaluation of Mercury(II) Iodide Unit Cell Dosimeter to Confirm the Feasibility of Digital Quality Assurance in Intracavitary Radiotherapy)

  • 정재훈;박성광
    • 한국방사선학회논문지
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    • 제16권3호
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    • pp.257-263
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    • 2022
  • 방사선 근접치료에서 잘못된 선원의 위치는 정상조직에 불필요한 선량을 조사하게 되므로, 정도관리 항목에서 방사선원의 위치를 검증하는 것은 필수적이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 디지털 line 선량계의 기초 연구로써 polycrystalline mercury (II) iodide (HgI2)기반의 unit cell 선량계를 제작하고 실리콘다이오드와 재현성, 선형성, 거리의존성에 대한 성능을 비교하였다. 그 결과 재현성은 relative standard deviation (RSD)이 1.21%로 RSD 평가 기준 1.5% 이내를 만족하였다. 선형성 평가는 선형계수 R2가 0.9997로 우수한 결과를 보였다. 거리 의존성은 inverse square value와 비교하였을 때, intensity 50%는 0.035 cm의 차이를 보이며 전체적으로 유사한 경향을 보였다. 본 연구는 HgI2 선량계의 성능 평가함으로써 근접치료 정도관리를 위한 디지털 선량계의 적용 가능성을 제시하고 있으며, 본 연구에 대한 결과는 광도전체 물질의 선량계로써의 특성분석에 대한 연구로, 방사선 및 검출기에 대한 모든 분야의 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있다.

고지도를 활용한 홍수터 복원 구역 선정 및 홍수완충공간의 홍수 저류효과 분석 (Determination of Floodplain Restoration Area Based on Old Maps and Analysis on Flood Storage Effects of Flood Mitigation Sections)

  • 이동진;지운;김상혁;안홍규;장은경
    • Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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    • 제10권2호
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    • pp.40-49
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    • 2023
  • 기후변화로 인한 극한홍수의 피해를 저감하면서 동시에 자연친화적 수변구역의 홍수완충공간을 조성하기 위해 제방이 건설되기 이전의 홍수범람 범위와 하천구역을 참조하여 홍수터 복원을 수행할 필요가 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 금강 대상구간에 대해 고지도를 활용하여 홍수터 복원가능 공간의 입지 선정 방법을 제안하고 홍수터를 홍수완충공간으로 활용할 경우 홍수위 저감 효과를 부정류 수치모의를 통해 분석하였다. 고지도를 활용하여 하천구역 변화를 분석한 결과, 1919년에 비해 2020년 하천구역 면적이 단계적으로 총 27.8% 감소 (1,059,380 m2)한 것으로 추정되었으며, 과거 홍수범람 구역이었던 제내지를 offline 저류지로 복원할 경우 2,200,868 m3의 유효 저류용량을 가지는 것으로 나타났다. HEC-RAS 부정류 모의를 통해 분석한 홍수위와 홍수량 조절 효과는 대상구간의 하류 단면에서 16 cm와 219.01 m3/s인 것으로 나타났다. 본 논문의 수치모의에는 홍수완충공간이 offline 저류지 형식으로 적용되었으며, 제방 후퇴/이설을 통한 홍수터의 확대가 적용될 경우 홍수위 저감 효과는 다르게 나타날 수 있다.

Equivalent Transmission-Line Sections for Very High Impedances and Their Application to Branch-Line Hybrids with Very Weak Coupling Power

  • Ahn, Hee-Ran;Kim, Bum-Man
    • Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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    • 제9권2호
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    • pp.85-97
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    • 2009
  • As operating frequency is raised and as more integration with active and passive elements is required, it becomes difficult to fabricate more than 120 ${\Omega}$ characteristic impedance of a mierostrip line. To solve this problem, an equivalent high impedance transmission-line section is suggested, which consists mainly of a pair of coupled-line sections with two shorts. However, it becomes a transmission-line section only when its electrical length is fixed and its coupling power is more than half. To have transmission-line characteristics(perfect matching), independently of coupling power and electrical length, two identical open stubs are added and conventional design equations of evenand odd-mode impedances are modified, based on the fact that the modified design equations have the linear combinations of conventional ones. The high impedance transmission-line section is a passive component and therefore should be perfectly matched, at least at a design center frequency. For this, two different solutions are derived for the added open stub and two types of high impedance transmission-line sections with 160 ${\Omega}$ characteristic impedance are simulated as the electrical lengths of the coupled-line sections are varied. The simulation results show that the determination of the available bandwidth location depends on which solution is chosen. As an application, branch-line hybrids with very weak coupling power are investigated, depending on where an isolated port is located, and two types of branch-line hybrids are derived for each case. To verify the derived branch-line hybrids, a microstrip branch-line hybrid with -15 dB coupling power, composed of two 90$^{\circ}$ and two 270$^{\circ}$ transmission-line sections, is fabricated on a substrate of ${\varepsilon}_r$= 3.4 and h=0.76 mm and measured. In this case, 276.7 ${\Omega}$ characteristic impedance is fabricated using the suggested high impedance transmission-line sections. The measured coupling power is -14.5 dB, isolation and matching is almost perfect at a design center frequency of 2 GHz, showing good agreement with the prediction.