• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.590-597
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• 2013

Principle component and emission localization of volatile compounds were investigated according to scent intensity of rose flower. Scent intensity in cultivars and bred-line of Rosa hybrida was divided into three levels; light ('Feel Lip', 'Venus Berry'), medium ('GR07-135'), strong ('Honey Blue'). The major volatile compounds were different depending on the cultivars and selected line; 3,5-dimethoxytoluene (DMT), benzene, 1,3,5-trimethoxy ('Feel Lip'), megastigma-4,6(Z),8(E)-triene ('Venus Berry'), DMT, benzene,1-ethenyl-4-methoxyand, phenylethylalcohol ('GR07-135') and germacrene-D, DMT ('Honey Blue'). The adaxial epidermal cells were conical papillate shape, whereas the abaxial epidermal cells were flat shape. The adaxial epidermal cells of 3 cultivars and 1 selected line were surrounded by thick cell wall and covered by waxy cuticle of 2 cultivars and 1 selected line (except 'Honey Blue'). The adaxial epidermal cells contained starches in 'Feel Lip', osmiophlic droplets in 'Venus Berry', starchs, plastids, vacuoles in 'GR07-135' and plastoglobules, plastids, vacuoles in 'Honey Blue'. Based on these results, it appears that plastids and vacuoles in adaxial epidermal cells with conical papillate shape are associated production and emission of volatile compounds in scent R. hybrida.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.26
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• pp.123-144
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• 2012

In the modern society in which globalization and localization proceed simultaneously, diversified and rapid migration of diaspora makes a new from of boundary off the frame of the state and the nation. This new border accompanies cultural change and racial mixture; retains ethnic conflict, the gap between rich and poor, alienation and discrimination, as well as power conflict; and extends its influence. Nowadays, the countries all over the world including Korea face problem of Diaspora in numerous forms. And each country takes an approach to the problem of the diaspora in the aspects of their society, culture and political technology. This implies that most countries, without understanding the new form of border which is alive and dynamic, define and conceptualize the diaspora in the frame of one state and one nation to carry forward the policies accordingly, resulting in inequal, incomplete and awkward homogenization. This study aimed to explore the identity of the diaspora, the core for the problem solving. Of course, studies about the identity of the diaspora have been continued until today and many great outcomes have been achieved. Nevertheless, this study aimed to explore the identity of the diaspora and the national policies which have a close interrelationship with it. It is because the study ultimately aimed to highlight the interrelationship between the destination countries, Russia and China, and the diaspora, through the definition and the classification of Russian diaspora and Chinese diaspora and the analysis of the national policies about that. However, the intention was not to distinguish superiority through the comparison of the polices about the diaspora between two countries, but to focus on the diversity of the identity of the diaspora through defining each different diaspora and paralleling the policies. Second, the reason for looking into the diaspora policies of these two countries is because it is judged the changes in the diaspora policies of each country is one of the active factors for the changes in the identify of the diaspora of each country and it is the basic research for the study on the identity of the diaspora. New migration of diaspora changes the identity of the state, and the state makes the policies and enforce the policies, resulting in the influence on the diaspora. This interaction acts as the growth factor for the new boundary. The causes of Russian diaspora and Chinese diaspora show apparent 'differences'. In parallel with this, the policies about the diaspora in Russia and China arouse 'differences' to the diaspora. The variation of the identity of the diaspora made by these differences will suggest other viewpoints on the diaspora, and these viewpoints will become the foundation for solving the problem of the diaspora in the present times.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.949-954
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• 2019

Membrane topology is a key characteristic of membrane proteins. We previously reported the cloning of the chromosome 4 open-reading frame 32 (C4orf32) gene as a potential membrane protein; however, the cellular localization and membrane topology of C4orf32 was as yet unknown. In this study, we found that green fluorescent protein (GFP) fused to the C-terminus of C4orf32 (C4orf32-GFP) was localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We applied three tools to identify determinants of C4orf32 topology: protease protection, fluorescence protease protection (FPP), and an inducible system using the ternary complex between FK506 binding protein 12 (FKBP), rapamycin, and the rapamycin-binding domain of mTOR (FRB) (the FRB-rapamycin-FKBP system). Using protease protection and FPP assays, we found that the GFP tag in C4orf32-GFP was localized to the cytoplasmic surface of the ER membrane of HeLa cells. Protease protection and FPP assays are useful and complimentary tools for identifying the topology of GFP fusion membrane proteins. The FRB-rapamycin-FKBP system was also used to study the topology of C4orf32. In the absence of rapamycin, a monomeric red fluorescent protein-FKBP fusion (mRFP-FKBP) and C4orf32-GFP-FRB were localized to the cytoplasm and the ER membrane, respectively. However, in the presence of rapamycin, the mRFP-FKBP was shifted from the cytoplasm to the ER and colocalized with the C4orf32-GFP-FRB. These results indicate that the FRB moiety is facing the cytoplasmic surface of ER membrane. Overall, our results clearly suggest that C4orf32 belongs to the family of type I ER resident membrane proteins.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.607-618
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• 2019

A new and interesting task in statistics is to effectively analyze functional data that frequently comes from advances in modern science and technology in areas such as meteorology and biomedical sciences. Functional linear regression with scalar response is a popular functional data analysis technique and it is often a common problem to determine a functional association if a functional predictor variable affects the scalar response in the models. Recently, Kong et al. (Journal of Nonparametric Statistics, 28, 813-838, 2016) established classical testing methods for this based on functional principal component analysis (of the functional predictor), that is, the resulting eigenfunctions (as a basis). However, the eigenbasis functions are not generally suitable for regression purpose because they are only concerned with the variability of the functional predictor, not the functional association of interest in testing problems. Additionally, eigenfunctions are to be estimated from data so that estimation errors might be involved in the performance of testing procedures. To circumvent these issues, we propose a testing method based on fixed basis such as B-splines and show that it works well via simulations. It is also illustrated via simulated and real data examples that the proposed testing method provides more effective and intuitive results due to the localization properties of B-splines.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.370-376
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• 2022

Smart ships related studies are being conducted in various fields owing to the development of technology, and an engine room patrol robot that can patrol the unmanned engine room is one such study. A patrol robot moves around the engine room based on the information learned through artificial intelligence and checks the machine normality and occurrence of abnormalities such as water leakage, oil leakage, and fire. Study on engine room patrol robots is mainly conducted on machine detection using artificial intelligence, however study on movement and control is insufficient. This causes a problem in that even if a patrol robot detects an object, there is no way to move to the detected object. To secure maneuverability to quickly identify the presence of abnormality in the engine room, this study experimented with whether a patrol robot can determine the shortest path by applying the A* algorithm. Data were obtained by driving a small car equipped with LiDAR in the ship engine room and creating a map by mapping the obtained data with SLAM(Simultaneous Localization And Mapping). The starting point and arrival point of the patrol robot were set on the map, and the A* algorithm was applied to determine whether the shortest path from the starting point to the arrival point was found. Simulation confirmed that the shortest route was well searched while avoiding obstacles from the starting point to the arrival point on the map. Applying this to the engine room patrol robot is believed to help improve ship safety.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.67 no.4
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• pp.211-221
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• 2022

Recently, the demand for the cultivation of upland soil has been increasing, and the rate of conversion of paddy soil into upland soil is also increasing. Theincrease in uneven precipitation due to climate change has resulted in dramatic effects of waterlogging stress on upland crops. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the changes in growth characteristics and the expression patterns of proteins at the two-leaf stage of adzuki beans. The domestic cultivar, Arari (Miryang No. 8), was used to test waterlogging stress. At the two-leaf stage of adzuki beans, plant height slightly decreased androot fresh weight showed significant changes after 3 days of waterlogging treatment. Chlorophyll content was also significantly different after 3 days of waterlogging treatment compared to its content in control plants. Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, more than 400 protein spots were identified. Twenty-one differentially expressed proteins from the two-leaf stage were analyzed using linear trap quadrupole-Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Of these 21 proteins, 9 were up-regulated and 12 were down-regulated under waterlogging treatment. Protein information resource (https://pir.georgetown.edu/) categories were assigned to all 49 proteins according to their molecular function, cellular component localization, and biological processes. Most of the proteins were found to be involved in the biological process, carbohydrate metabolism and were localized in chloroplasts.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.561-571
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• 2023

Background: Escalating evidence shows that ginseng possesses an antiaging potential with cognitive enhancing activity. As mountain cultivated ginseng (MCG) is cultivated without agricultural chemicals, MCG has emerged as a popular herb medicine. However, little is known about the MCG-mediated pharmacological mechanism on brain aging. Methods: As we demonstrated that glutathione peroxidase (GPx) is important for enhancing memory function in the animal model of aging, we investigated the role of MCG as a GPx inducer using GPx-1 (a major type of GPx) knockout (KO) mice. We assessed whether MCG modulates redox and cholinergic parameters, and memory function in aged GPx-1 knockout KOmice. Results: Redox burden of aged GPx-1 KO mice was more evident than that of aged wild-type (WT) mice. Alteration of Nrf2 DNA binding activity appeared to be more evident than that of NFκB DNA binding activity in aged GPx-1 KO mice. Alteration in choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity was more evident than that in acetylcholine esterase activity. MCG significantly attenuated reductions in Nrf2 system and ChAT level. MCG significantly enhanced the co-localization of Nrf2-immunoreactivity and ChAT-immunoreactivity in the same cell population. Nrf2 inhibitor brusatol significantly counteracted MCG-mediated up-regulation in ChAT level and ChAT inhibition (by k252a) significantly reduced ERK phosphorylation by MCG, suggesting that MCG might require signal cascade of Nrf2/ChAT/ERK to enhance cognition. Conclusion: GPx-1 depletion might be a prerequisite for cognitive impairment in aged animals. MCG-mediated cognition enhancement might be associated with the activations of Nrf2, ChAT, and ERK signaling cascade.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.46 no.10
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• pp.592-610
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• 2023

The Hippo kinase cascade functions as a central hub that relays input from the "outside world" of the cell and translates it into specific cellular responses by regulating the activity of Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1). How Hippo translates input from the extracellular signals into specific intracellular responses remains unclear. Here, we show that transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)-activated TAK1 activates LATS1/2, which then phosphorylates YAP1. Phosphorylated YAP1 (p-YAP1) associates with RUNX3, but not with TEAD4, to form a TGFβ-stimulated restriction (R)-point-associated complex which activates target chromatin loci in the nucleus. Soon after, p-YAP1 is exported to the cytoplasm. Attenuation of TGFβ signaling results in re-localization of unphosphorylated YAP1 to the nucleus, where it forms a YAP1/TEAD4/SMAD3/AP1/p300 complex. The TGFβ-stimulated spatiotemporal dynamics of YAP1 are abrogated in many cancer cells. These results identify a new pathway that integrates TGFβ signals and the Hippo pathway (TGFβ→TAK1→LATS1/2→YAP1 cascade) with a novel dynamic nuclear role for p-YAP1.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 2024

As the self-driving car market continues to grow, the need for charging infrastructure is growing. However, in the case of a wireless charging system, stability issues are being raised because it requires a large amount of power compared with conventional wired charging. SAE J2954 is a standard for building autonomous vehicle wireless charging infrastructure, and the standard defines a communication method between a vehicle and a power transmission system. SAE J2954 recommends using physical media such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and UWB as a wireless charging communication method for autonomous vehicles to enable communication between the vehicle and the charging pad. In particular, UWB is a suitable solution for indoor and outdoor charging environments because it exhibits robust communication capabilities in indoor environments and is not sensitive to interference. In this standard, the process for building a wireless power transmission system is divided into several stages from the start to the completion of charging. In this study, UWB technology is used as a means of fine alignment, a process in the wireless power transmission system. To determine the applicability to an actual autonomous vehicle wireless power transmission system, experiments were conducted based on distance, and the distance information was collected from UWB. To improve the accuracy of the distance data obtained from UWB, we propose a Single Model and Multi Model that apply machine learning and deep learning techniques to the collected data through a three-step preprocessing process.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.414-421
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• 2024

In this paper, we design and verify a system that can detect piping leakage noise in an environment with significant reverberation and reflection using a multi-channel acoustic sensor module as a technology to prevent major plant accidents caused by leakage. Four-channel microphones arranged in a tetrahedron are designed as a single sensor module to measure three-dimensional sound intensity vectors. In an environment with large effects of reverberation and reflection, the measurement error of each sensor module increases on average, so after placing multiple sensor modules in the field, measurement results showing locations with large errors due to effects such as reflection are excluded. Using the intersection between three-dimensional vectors obtained from several pairs of sensor modules, the coordinates where the sound source is located are estimated, and outliers (e.g., positions estimated to be outside the site, positions estimated to be far from the average position) are detected and excluded among the points. For achieving aforementioned goal, an excluding algorithm by deciding the outliers among the estimated positions was proposed. By visualizing the estimated location coordinates of the leakage sound on the site drawing within 1 second, we construct and verify a system that can detect the location of the leakage sound in real time and enable immediate response. This study is expected to contribute to improving accident response capabilities and ensuring safety in large plants.