• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.75-86
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• 1992

Of the many first-occuring major manifestations of Behcet's disease, the oral ulcer is most frequently observed, shows the highest mean recurrence rate, and the longest mean duration period. A study of the relationship between mechanical irritation buy local factors and the recurrence of oral ulcers was carried out to see if there is a correlation. The subjects chosen for the study were 81 patients who were referred to the Department of Oral Diagnosis at Yonsei University Dental Hospital from the Behcet clinic of Severace Hospital after being diagnosed as Behcet's disease patients. 1. By Shimuzu's classification, possible type was the most numerous with 55.55% ; while suspected type was 19.76% ; incomplete type, 17,28% ; and complete type, 7.41% were observed in that order. The male to female ration was 1 to 1.61, and the average age of onset was 17.63 years. 2. Oral ulcers developed most frequently on the tongue (48.28%), and lip(23.15%), buccal mucosa (20.69%), palate\pharynx(4.43%), and gingiva(3.45%) also showed ulceration. 3. 38.27% of the patients were HSV positive : 27.16% were CRP positive ; 12.34% were ASO positive ; 9.87% were RF positive ; and 3.7% were ANA positive. 4. According to the answers to the survey, fatigue(85.18%) was most frequently associated with Behcet's diseage. Trauma by tooth brushing (22.22%), un specified reasons (20.98%), hard food chewing (12.35%), and irritation by dentition and/or prosthesis (13.58%) were observed in association with Behcet's disease. 23.46% had a history of tonsilitis. 5. Oral ulcers on the anterior part of tongue and buccal mucosa were associated with local irritatants. 6. Oral ulcers on the lip and posterior portion of tongue were not associated with local irritants. Local irritation by dentition and oral ulcer on the anterior part of tongue and buccal mucosa was observed to coexit with one another : in other words, lo9cal factors can act to cause of recurrence of an oral ulcer and to delay the healing process in Behcet's disease. Therefore, elimination of local factors along with systemic therapy must be recommended when treating oral ulcers.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.244-250
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• 1993

Hematotoxicity and vascular irritation of DA-125, a new anthracycline antitumor antibiotic, were investigated in mice and rabbits. In hematotoxicity study, healthy male ICR mice were treated with DA-125 by a single intravenous injection at doses of 18 and 24 mg/kg. After 4, 8, 12 and 16 days WBC count, RBC count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit value, and platelet counts were measured respectively. As a positive control, 12 mg/kg of doxorubicin (DXR) was used in the same manner. Remakable reductions of WBC counts in groups treated with DA-125 or DXR were observed 4 days after administration and returned to normal range 8 days after injection in groups of DA-125 18 mg/kg and DXR 12 mg/kg. The recovery of leukopenia induced in a group of DA-125 24 mg/kg took about 16 days after administration. The RBC counts, hemoglobin concentrations and hematocrit values also decreased in all drug treated groups on day 8 and recovered thereafter. The platelet counts of groups treated with DA-125 or DXR decreased on day 4 and recovered from day 8 of experiment. Local vascular irritation of DA-125 was also assessed in rabbits. The obtained results can be summarized as follows. 1. Thrombophlebitis was not induced even after daily intravenous administration of 0.4% solution of DA-125 or 0.2% solution of DXR for 7 days. 2. Macro- and microscopic observations revealed that the irritative activity of 0.4% solution of DA-125 in blood vessels was not so much different from that of saline when they were injected once a day into vein retroauricularis of rabbits for 7 days. 3. Mild inflammatory reaction was noted around vessels in rabbits treated with 0.2% solution of DXR after consecutive intravenous infusion for more than 5 days. 4. The potencies of vascular irritation of the test solutions were summarized in the following order; saline = 0.4% DA-125<0.2% DXR. These results indicated that DA-125 showed similar pattern of hematotoxicity with DXR but was less hematotoxic than DXR, and that 0.4% solution of DA-125 did not elicit unusual toxic properties when injected through intravenous route for clinical practice.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.246-254
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• 2018

Pectin lyase-modified red ginseng extract (GS-E3D) is a newly developed ginsenoside Rd-enriched ginseng extract. This study was designed to investigate the skin safety of GS-E3D. Single oral toxicity, single dermal toxicity, bovine corneal opacity and permeability (BCOP) assay, skin irritation test with $SkinEthic^{TM}$ human epidermis model, skin sensitization local lymph node assay, and human patch test, were examined. The oral and dermal $LD_{50}$ value of GS-E3D was over 2,000 mg/kg in rats. GS-E3D was identified as a non-irritant to skin in BCOP assay, human epidermis models, and patch test from the 32 human subjects. The skin sensitization potential of GS-E3D was less than 25% in local lymph node assay. These results indicate that GS-E3D can be used as a safe ingredient without adverse effects in various skin care products.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.149-151
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• 1995

Piriformis syndrome is a syndrome of low back and leg radiating pain thought to be due to a chronic contracture of the piriformis muscle that causes irritation of the sciatic nerve. The piriformis muscle is a flat pyramidal muscle, an external rotator and abductor of the hip, originating from the front of the sacrum and inner aspect of the sacroiliac joint, then passes laterally out of the sciatic notch to attach posteriorly to the greater trochanter of the femur, the sciatic nerve passes between the two bellies of the muscle. Mechanical irritation of the sciatic nerve by an inflammatory reaction of the piriformis muscle and its fascia at this pelvic level causes pain to radiate in the dermatomal regions of the nerve roots similar to that disk entrapment. diagnosis of piriformis syndrome is made primary on the basis of history and clinical examination. The incidence is considerably higher in women, with the reported ratio of women to men of 6:1. These patients frequently present with associated symptoms of pelvic pain and/or dyspareunia. Symptoms are usually unilateral but occasionally be bilateral. We had a 42 year-old woman patient with low back and left leg radiating pain and dyspareunia treated by caudal steroid and local anesthetic.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.119-121
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• 1976

To investigate untoward effects which might be produced by local application of Ginseng saponin, sensitization test and eye irritation test were performed in guinea pigs and rabbits. Any reaction on the skin was not found at a dose of 0.1ml of 0.1% solution in sensitization test. Instillation of Ginseng saponin (0.1ml of 1.0% and 10% soultion) into the right eye of rabbits, did not produce any irritation. Median lethal dose of the total saponin in mouse was 695 mg/kg by i.p. and 1490mg/kg by s.c. injection.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.169-176
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• 2014

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate occupational symptoms and chemical exposures of nail salon technicians. Methods: Work-related symptoms of nail salon technicians in Daegu City were surveyed using a researcher-administered questionnaire, and responses were compared to those of non-exposed office workers as controls. Personal exposure level of airborne volatile organic compounds was also monitored using passive samplers. Results: A total of 159 subjects in 120 salons were interviewed. Average work-shift concentrations of 13 chemicals were measured for 50 workers from 30 salons using personal passive samplers. The most frequently reported respiratory or neurologic symptoms by nail shop technicians compared to controls were nose irritation (odds ratio [OR], 54.0; confidence interval [CI], 21.6 to 134.8), followed by headache (OR, 9.3; CI, 4.7 to 18), and throat irritation (OR, 4.3; CI, 2.2 to 8.5). For eyes and skin, 92% of respondents complained eye irritation (OR, 13.1; CI, 5.7 to 30.1). In musculoskeletal symptoms, workers reported pain or discomfort in shoulders (OR, 20.3; CI, 7.7 to 54) and neck (OR, 19.7; CI, 8.9 to 43.6). From personal measurements, the proportion of exceeding the Korean Occupational Exposure Limit was the highest for acetone with 64%, followed by toluene (50%), butyl acetate (46%), and methyl methacrylate (12%). However, the service was being provided without a proper ventilation system in most surveyed shops. Conclusions: Based on these findings, it is warranted to have appropriate local exhaust ventilation place to ensure adequate health protection of nail shop technicians as well as customers. At the same time, greater policy interests are warranted in nail care business to protect health of both workers and customers.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.29-35
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• 2023

This study examined the effect of store fit perceived by consumers for improved signboards on visit intention to store, and the mediating effect of informativeness, entertainment, and irritation. The survey was conducted from November 7 to November 18, 2022 with 150 undergraduate and graduate students who had experience visiting areas where signboard improvement projects were implemented. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 and PROCESS Macro 4.2. The results showed that store fit had a positive effect on visit intention to store by mediating informativeness and entertainment. This results suggest that practitioners of local governments and government agencies and store owners should consider store fit of signboards as important when participating in signboard improvement projects.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.300-306
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• 2021

Chronic ultraviolet (UV) radiation causes photoaging, which represents skin damage, disrupts skin barrier function, and promotes wrinkle formation. We investigated that the polysaccharide extract of an edible basidiomycetous white jelly mushroom, Tremella fuciformis, (TF-Glucan^®) exhibited statistically photoprotective activity by inhibiting matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) and increasing collagen synthesis, and an anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines at the concentrations of less than 1000 ㎍/ml, which is not cytotoxic (p < 0.05). Additionally, TF-Glucan^® increased the expression of involucrin and filaggrin to prevent the disruption of UVB-induced barrier function (p < 0.05). TF-Glucan^® was assessed as a safe material by the human primary skin irritation (1, 3, 5%), human repeated insult patch test (no sensitization at 5%), 3T3 NRU phototoxicity assay (no phototoxicity, PIF < 2, MPE < 0.1), eye irritation test test by BCOP (no category, IVIS ≤ 3) and local lymph node assay (negative at 10, 25, 50%) for identifying potential skin sensitizing. These results suggest that TF-Glucan^® may be useful as an anti-photoaging ingredient for developing cosmeceuticals.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.179-182
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• 1983

This study was conducted to observe the local irritation histopathologically following the intramuscular injection of iron preparations in guinea pigs. Necropsy findings were edema, hemorrhage and darkish brown pigmentation around the injection sites. On the microscopic examination, the muscle fibers near the injection sites became pale staining or uniformly eosinophilic, indicating necrosis of the fibers, which were occasionally filled with granular bluish-staining material. The nuclei were swollen or pyknotic. Infiltrations of heterophils and macrophages containing iron were evident around the necrotized tissues and the injected iron compounds. Fibrosis was often seen between the affected muscle fibers, and this change was considered as secondary inflammatory process.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 1995

Anlgesic agents against visceral pain typically rely on a noxious chemical irritation of the peritoneum, e. g., acetic acid and phenylquinone writhing test. While useful, this type of assay depends upon an acute inflammation and the release of local alogens. Further, ethical and scientific constraints prevent repeated assessments in a single animal, thereby compounding the difficulty of assessing tolerance development to analgesic agents. To overcome these constraints, Colburn et al. developed a model for mechanical visceral pain model (VPM) based on a repeatable and reversible duodenal distention in the rat. A chronic indwelling intraduodenal balloon catheter is well tolerated and upon inflation produces a writhing response graded in proportion to distention. This response is inhibited by morphine in a dose dependent manner. We found that a model for visceral pain was thought to be a great value.