• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.458-464
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• 2020

유공케이슨 방파제의 한계상태설계법 개발을 위해 하중저항계수 보정을 수행하였다. 전국 항만의 12개 유공케이슨식 방파제에 대하여 설계변수의 불확실성을 고려한 신뢰성해석을 수행하였다. 목표신뢰성지수에 따른 부분 안전계수와 하중, 저항계수를 차례로 산정하였다. 최적화기법을 통해 한계상태설계법 개발을 위한 하중계수와 저항계수를 도출하였다. 최종 하중저항계수를 이용하여 방파제를 재설계하였으며 목표수준의 신뢰성지수를 상회하는지 검증하였다. 목표신뢰성지수를 변화시켜 해당 수준에 맞는 하중저항계수를 최종 제시하였다.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.293-297
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• 2021

소파블록 피복제 제체의 한계상태설계법 개발을 위해 하중저항계수 보정을 수행하였다. 실제 시공된 소파블록 피복제 제체의 설계자료를 분석하여 신뢰성해석을 수행하였으며 목표신뢰성지수에 따른 부분안전계수와 하중, 저항계수를 차례로 산정하였다. 최적화기법을 통해 한계상태설계법 개발을 위한 하중계수와 저항계수를 도출하였다. 최종 하중저항계수를 이용하여 방파제를 재설계하였으며 목표수준의 신뢰성지수를 상회하는지 검증하였다. 해외기준의 하중저항계수와 본 연구에서 구한 하중저항계수를 비교하였다.

• International Journal of Railway
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 2015

An accurate measurement of the train-track interaction forces is important for track performance evaluation. In the field calibration test as a wheel load measurement process, the calibration system creates a different boundary condition in comparison with that in the train wheel passage. This study aims to evaluate a reliability of the field calibration test in the process of wheel load measurement. Finite element models were developed to compare the deformed shapes, bending moment and shear force profiles on the rail section. The analysis results revealed that the deformed shapes and their associated bending moment profiles on the rail are significantly different in two numerical simulations of the calibration test and the train wheel load passage. However, the shear stress profile on the rail section of the strain gauge installation in the field was almost identical, which may imply that the current calibration test is sufficiently reliable.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.351-355
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• 2019

무공케이슨 방파제의 한계상태설계를 위한 하중저항계수를 제시하였다. 전국 항만의 16개 방파제에 대한 신뢰성해석을 수행하여 부분안전계수를 산출하였으며 이를 하중과 저항계수로 전환하였다. 개별적으로 구한 하중저항계수에 최적화기법을 적용하여 최종 하중저항계수를 보정하였다. 최종적으로 얻은 하중저항계수를 이용하여 방파제를 재설계한 후 목표수준을 만족하는지 검증하였다. 목표신뢰도수준의 변화에 따른 하중저항계수를 제시하여 한계상태설계가 용이하도록 하였다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.221-226
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• 2005

A new calibration method for exact measurement of friction force in atomic force microscope (AFM) is presented. A new conversion factor involves a contact factor affected by tip, cantilever and contact stiffness. Especially the effect of contact stiffness on the conversion factor between lateral force and lateral signal is considered. Conventional conversion factor and a new modified conversion factor were experimentally compared. Results showed that a new calibration method could minimize the effect of normal load on friction force and improve the conventional method. A new method could be applied to the specimens with different physical properties.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.212-221
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• 2022

이 연구에서는 국내 도로교량 평가에서도 설계와 일관성이 있도록 한계상태설계법에 상응하는 평가방법을 마련하고, 선진국과 같이 평가에서 목표신뢰도지수를 감소시키는 경우 신뢰도분석을 통하여 보정하여 평가 활하중계수를 제안한다. 국내 대표 교량형식을 대상으로 수집한 실교량 자료를 활용하여 각 설계기준 별 설계활하중에 대한 하중효과를 산정하여 비교한다. 현행 설계법에 의해 산정된 하중효과를 바탕으로 최소요구강도를 산정하여 이에 대한 신뢰도분석을 통해 활하중계수 보정을 수행한다. 설계수준에 비하여 낮춰진 평가수준의 활하중계수를 교량 안전성평가를 수행하고, 이전 설계법의 안전성평가 결과와 비교하여 평가결과가 증가함을 확인하였다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.977-994
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• 2015

In this study, earthquake loads are investigated statistically and compared with the nominal earthquake loads calculated according to the Turkish Earthquake Code, namely: "Specifications for Structures to be Built in Earthquake Areas". For this purpose, the "actual" mean load values estimated from statistical methods and the nominal load values computed according the Seismic Code are compared, with respect to some variations in the basic parameters, such as the importance factor, building height, site coefficient, seismic zone and seismic load reduction factor. In addition to the data compiled from different regions of Turkey, the published data and information in the foreign literature are also used in the determination of the earthquake load statistics. Although the dead and live loads acting on a structure are independent of the geographical location of the structure, environmental loads, such as earthquake loads are highly dependent on the location of the structure. Accordingly, for the assessment of statistical parameters associated with earthquake loads, twelve different locations which can represent the different seismic zones of Turkey as accurately as possible are chosen. As a result of the code calibration procedure considered in this study, it is observed that the load values obtained from the Turkish Seismic Code may overestimate or underestimate the actual seismic loads in some of the seismic zones.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제76권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2020

The aim of this paper is to simply present live load factor calculation methodology formulation with the addition of a simple new future load projection procedure to previously proposed two methods. For this purpose, Oregon Weigh-in-Motion (WIM) data were used to calculate live load factors by using WIM data. These factors were calculated with two different approaches and by presenting new simple modifications in these methods. A very simple future load projection method is presented in this paper. Using four different WIM sites with different average daily truck traffic (ADTT) volume, and all year data, live load factors were obtained. The live load factors, were proposed as a function of ADTT. ADTT values of these sites correspond to three different levels which are approximately ADTT= 5,000, ADTT = 1,500 and ADTT ≤ 500 cases. WIM data for a full year were used from each site in the calibration procedure. Load effects were projected into the future for the different span lengths considering five-year evaluation period and seventy-five-years design life. The live load factor for ADTT=5,000, AASHTO HS20 loading case and five-year evaluation period was obtained as 1.8. In the second approach, the methodology established in the Manual for Bridge Evaluation (MBE) was used to calibrate the live load factors. It was obtained that the calculated live load factors were smaller than those in the MBE specifications, and smaller than those used in the initial calibration which did not convert to the gross vehicle weight (GVW) into truck type 3S2 defined by AASHTO equivalents.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.50-56
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• 2006

Since most of small form-factor drives have a load/unload mechanism and the flying height of the head is getting lower as the capacity of disk drives increases, the load/unload velocity becomes one of the important factors to ensure the reliability of the load/unload mechanism. To control the load/unload velocity accurately, velocity sensing is essential. In this paper, we introduce a very practical method that acquires the load/unload velocity from the back electromotive force (BEMF) of a voice coil motor (VCM) and propose a calibration method for measuring the BEMF from a given circuit. Moreover, the effect of calibration error and temperature variation on the measurement of BEMF is shown by simulation. Then, this present method is applied to the load/unload velocity controller and is verified from the experimental result.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.433-439
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• 2020

Tunnels are one of the most important constructions in civil engineering. The damage to these structures caused enormous costs. Therefore, the safe and economic design of these structures has long been considered. However, both applied loads on the tunnels as well as the resistance of the structural members are naturally uncertain parameters, hence, the design of these structures requires considering the probabilistic approaches. This study aims to determine the load and resistant factors of lining tunnels concerning the earthquake extreme events limit state function. For this purpose, tunnels that have been designed according to the previous design codes (AASHTO Tunnel LRFD 2017) and using reliability analysis, the optimum reliability of these structures for different loading scenarios is determined. In this paper, the tunnel is considered circular. Finally, the proper load and resistance factors are calculated corresponding to the obtained target reliability. Based on the performed calibration earthquake extreme events limit state function, the result of this study can be recommended to AASHTO Tunnel LRFD 2017.