• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.413-424
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• 2021

Health impact assessment in the environmental impact assessment is conducted to determine whether to exceed the standard of each single substance and to establish appropriate reduction measures. In some development projects, although all substances in risk assessment meet the standard, exposure concentration is very close to it. However, considering the cumulative exposure of all substances, health effects are likely to occur considerably severer than those of individual substances, so it is necessary to prepare a concrete and improved methodology for integrating evaluation of emissions to identify the health effects actually exposed to receptors of living things. This study established the definition of cumulative risk assessment through overseas advanced cases and domestic and foreign literature reviews, and proposed a methodology for utilizing cumulative risk assessment considering health effects on multiple substances when developing industrial complexes. Applied by the proposed methodology, integrated indicators forfourtypes of hazardous heavy metals (Ni, Cr⁶⁺, Cd, As) emitted from industrial complexes were calculated, and applicability was tested with case of the industrial complex development projects conducted over the last decade (2011-2020).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.584-593
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• 2021

The sediment makes up the sea floor and plays an important role as a habitats for living things in the sea. However, pollution of coastal sediment due to internal and external factors such as inflow of contaminants from land and self-pollution becoming more serious, the needs for management of sediment that play an important role in ecology, is increasing. In particular, the review and evaluation of the effects of sediment in marine development projects including reclamation and dredging, have significance in terms of proactive protection and management of surrounding ecosystems. This study proposed the improvement measures for marine sediment management standards on the sea area utilization consultation for the development of public water. For the purpose, The evaluation and management standards of domestic and overseas marine sediments were reviewed and compared. The sediment environment guidelines under the Marine Environment Management Act of Korea were reviewed. Accordingly, the cases of Canada and NOAA, which have various evaluation standards consist of comprehensive factors, were analyzed. For analysis of operational cases, the port and fishing port development projects for the last five years (2016-2020) that are considered to have the greatest impact on sediments among the sea area use consultations were also reviewed. Finally, this study suggested that the assessment factors for ecological hazards and potential human risks should be considered in the sediment environmental standards in the sea area utilization consultation system.

• Asian Spine Journal
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.1106-1116
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• 2018

Study Design: Prospective observational study. Purpose: To evaluate the disability domains relevant to Indian patients with low backache and propose a modified disability questionnaire for such patients. Overview of Literature: The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) is a self-reported measurement tool that measures both pain and functional status and is used for evaluating disability caused by lower backache. Although ODI remains a good tool for disability assessment, from the Indian perspective questions related to weight lifting and sexual activity of ODI are questioned in some of the earlier studies. Activities of daily living in Indian patients vary substantially from those in other populations and include activities like bending forwards, sitting in floor and squatting which are not represented in the ODI. Methods: In this prospective observational study, a seven-step approach was used for the development of a questionnaire. Thirty patients were interviewed to identify the most challenging issue they faced while performing their daily activities (by free listing) and understand how important the questionnaire items were in terms of the standard ODI. Thus, a comprehensive disability questionnaire comprising 14 questions was developed and administered to 88 patients. Both qualitative (interviews) and quantitative methods (to establish the validity, reliability, and correlation with the Visual Analog Scale [VAS] and Rolland Morris disability questionnaire) were used to identify the 10 questions that best addressed the disability domains relevant to Indian patients. Results: According to free listing, four new questions pertaining to bending forward, sitting on the floor, walking on uneven surfaces, and work-related disabilities were included. In the second phase, wherein the questionnaire with 14 items was used, 56.8% patients did not answer the questions related to sexual activity, whereas 23.8% did not answer those related to walking on uneven surfaces. The modified questionnaire demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=0.892) and correlation with the Rolland Morris questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha=0.850, p>0.05), as well as with the VAS score for disability (Cronbach's alpha=0.712, p>0.05) and pain (Cronbach's alpha=0.625, p>0.05). Conclusions: A modified disability questionnaire that was designed by adding two questions related to bending forward and work status and removing questions related to sexual activity and weight lifting or traveling (depending on the occupation) can help evaluate disability caused by back pain in Indian population.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.492-497
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• 2019

This study analysed the legal concept of personal information(PI), which was not differentiated from behavioral information, and established it clearly for invigorating online targeted advertising(OTA), which draw attention in big data era; by selecting Guidelines of Assessment of Data Breach Incident Factors and Guidelines of Measures for No-Identifying Personal Information based on Personal Information Protection Act(PIPA) and Enforcement Decree of the PIPA. As a result, PI was defined as any kind of information relating to (1)a living individual(not group, corporate body or things etc.); (2)makes possibly identify the individual by his or her identifiers such as name, resident registration number, image, etc. (not included if not identify the individual); and (3)including information like attribute values which makes possibly identify any specific individual, if not by itself, but combined with other information which can be actually collected and combined). Specifically, PI includes basic, proper distinguishable, sensitive and other PI. It is suggested that PI concept should be researched continually with digital technology development; the effectiveness of the Guidelines of PI Protection in OTA, the legal principles of PI protection from not only users' but business operators' perspectives and the differentiation between PI and behavioral information in OTA should be researched.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.31-47
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• 2019

This study analyzes the emotional labor experiences of 8 social workers in social welfare facilities and public institutions by thematic analysis method with interveiws with them. Six categories and Twenty two themes concerning the emotional labor experience were derived from the analysis. Six categories are as follows: 'work life as a target for anger', 'unsafe workplace', 'emotional labor that ruins life', 'overcoming hurt emotion', and 'living with emotional labor'. Social workers are constantly required to perform emotional labor providing services to clients in the field of practice, and they also suffer verbal abuse from clients. Social workers feel the pressure of work in the environment that does not tolerate mistakes and they must keep their safety on their own. In these cases, emotional labor has effects on the physical and mental health of workers. The problem of emotional labor is difficult to solve and there might not be no choice but to endure. This study suggests practical and policy measures for social workers based on the results of the analysis. Policy suggestions are as follows: safety assurance for social workers, establishment of base facilities for employee support, human rights education for employees, preparation of super vision system, and the provision of a mental health care system.

• 한국노년학
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.563-579
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to examine predictors of move intention to welfare housing in Korea. Participants completed a questionnaire which included measures of socioeconomic variables, variables of the theory of planned behavior. The data was collected from 380 elderly women over the age of 60 in Korea. This study was examined by statistical analysis on SPSS program 18.0. The results of this study are as follows. First, the attitude of elderly women have a positive effect on welfare housing. Second, the subjective norm of elderly women have a positive effect on welfare housing. Third, the perceived behavioral control of elderly women positively effect on welfare housing. The results of this study prove that attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control is part of the theory of planned behavior. The finding shows that modified, the theory of planned behavior can be used as a guide in predicting behavioral intention. we should be responsible for the follow-up and monitoring of situations and reevaluate periodically to ensure that needs are being met and services are appropriate. These things are very important to succeed for senior citizens in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.96-109
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• 2015

The Dresden Elbe Valley of Germany was delisted from the World Heritage List after a long dispute amongst the city of Dresden, UNESCO and the World Heritage Committee upon a plan to build a four-lane bridge within the boundaries of the property. The plan was claimed to threaten the Outstanding Universal Value of the heritage embedded in the view of the river landscape. However looking back on the necessity of the bridge in order to maintain the city dynamics and the needs of the local population, it is possible to diagnose that plans for the bridge had a rather different nature from the usual urban 'development' plans appearing in the vicinity of other World Heritage properties. This article examines the process that led to the delisting of the Elbe Valley from the World Heritage List and assesses the problems arising between the entities which determine the value of the heritage and the entities that implement conservation measures. Recognizing the necessity of involving the local residents, this article stresses the importance of the role of communities in heritage conservation. It is also important to set up dependable directions for establishing conservation policies which takes into account the changing dynamics of the living environment, and sound methods for assessing the impact of future projects on the heritage.

• 한국노년학
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.689-701
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• 2012

The purposes of this study were to identify the changes of postprandial blood pressure and pulse rates of elderly living in nursing homes by time and position after a meal. Blood pressure and pulse rates of 141 elderly aged over 65 years were measured at before the meal to 90 minutes after the meal by 15 min. interval. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, repeated measures of ANOVA, ANCOVA, and t-test using the SPSS program. There were no significant differences in change of systolic blood pressure and pulse rates by time between sitting group and lying group after meal. The biggest drops in systolic pressure in sitting and lying position were occurred at 30 min and 45min respectively after the meal. There were no significant change in pulse rates except for the immediately after meal in lying position. To prevent complications of postprandial blood pressure reduction, nurses should carefully monitor blood pressure of elderly in lying position at least from 30 min. till to 90 min. after the meal.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.23-40
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• 2021

In the era of the global coronal 19 pandemic, there is a risk of cross-infection in hospitals at the stage where treatments and vaccines are currently being developed and marketed, so individuals should enhance their acquired immunity and generalize their living systems by the performance of copper ions in the social environment. In order to prevent the spread of infection, the need for anti-bacterial film and its efficacy were analyzed through anti-viral performance tests based on research and development cases of worldwide and immemorial time. he Korea Construction Research Institute (KCL) has received anti-bacterial performance certification and anti-viral test scores from the "National Approval Performance Certification Agency." At the time, NCCP 43326 Human Corona virus (BetaCoV/Korea/KCDC03/2020), which was approved by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, was introduced to ensure that the activity rate of infected cells was satisfied in the anti-viral performance test. Anti-proliferation measures for the Corona 19 virus require a quality clinical trial study comparing the experimental group within the glass space where the antiviral copper film is constructed with the comparator of the same condition without copper film.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.787-797
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• 2020

The marine officer plays a pivotal role in the shipping organization as a professional who performs a complex and diverse function. On the sea, unlike land duty, the possibility of turnover increases due to characteristics such as living in isolated spaces, continuous shift work during a set sailing period, high intensity work tension, stress, and social isolation. In this study, the impact of the organization's civic actions on the intention of turnover as a mediator of organizational immersion was divided into three groups of large companies, small and medium-sized enterprises, and public enterprises to check the differences between each category in a structural manner. Analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences between the groups in loyalty and turnover intention when the sub-factors of organizational commitment and organizational citizen behavior of the marine officer, and the size of turnover intention were included. Organization citizen behavior did not directly affect turnover intention, but when indirect effects were included, there was an effect through loyalty, and relationship-oriented organizational citizen behavior negatively affected turnover intention through loyalty. Excluding public enterprises, the non-standardization path coefficients were -0.229±0.117 and -0.319±0.068, respectively, showing a statistically significant effect in large companies and SMEs. These results indicate that in order to lower the employee turnover intention in large corporations and small and medium-sized shipping companies, it is necessary to consider not only organizational citizen behavior but also measures to increase organizational commitment.