• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.164-170
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• 2008

The hepatoprotective activity of the alcoholic extract of Rosa damascena was studied against paracetamol induced acute hepatotoxicity in rats. Liver damage was assessed by estimating serum enzyme activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and histopathology of liver tissue. Pre- and post-treatment with ethanolic extracts showed a dose-dependent reduction of paracetamol induced elevated serum levels of enzyme activity. The mechanism underlying the protective effects was assayed in vitro and the R. damascena extracts displayed dosedependent free radical activity using DPPH ($IC_{50}=162.525\;{\mu}g/ml$) and TBA method. The hepatoprotective action was confirmed by histopathological observation. The ethanolic extracts reversed paracetamol induced liver injury. These results suggest that the hepatoprotective effects of R. damascena extracts are related to its antioxidative activity.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.62-80
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• 1995

Jwagyuyeum and Woogyuyeum, being known to reinforce Kidney-yin and -yang, were tested for the effects of on free-radical generating enzyme and lipid peroxidation. In vitro, levels of lipid peroxide in tissues of liver were proportionally decreased to concentration of extracts prepared from Jwagyuyeum and Woogyuyeum. They were much more decreased, when lipid peroxidation was induced with ferrous iron (Fe+2). In vivo, after both herbs were administered to the rat, levels of lipid peroxide in liver were decreased only in Jwagyuyeum. And, enzyme activities of xanthine oxidase and aldehyde oxidase in liver were not changed. It was guessed that Jwagyuyeum and Woogyuyeum inhibited lipid peroxidation directly, or acted on free radical resolving enzymes which decrease lipid peroxide. Consequently both herbs, particularly in Jwagyuyeum might delay aging.

• BMB Reports
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.67-71
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• 1999

We have investigated the effect of cholestasis on the closely related acyl-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase, benzoyltransferase, and phenylacetyltransferase activities in rat liver. Benzoyltransferase and phenylacetyltransferase activities in the liver cytosol, mitochondria, and microsome were investigated for a period of 42 d after common bile duct ligation. Both the mitochondrial and microsomal benzoyltransferases showed significant increase in their activities between the 1st and 7th day after common bile duct ligation, although the cytosolic benzoyltransferase activity did not show a significant change compared to the activities from the sham-operated control. The cytosolic phenylacetyltransferase activity showed a significant increase between the 1st and 2nd day, the mitochondrial activity showed a significant increase between the 2nd and 7th day, and microsomal activity showed a significant increase between the 1st and 7th day, respectively. Enzyme kinetic parameters of hepatic benzoyltransferase were analyzed using benzoyl coenzyme A as a substrate with the preparations from the 1st day post-ligation. Enzyme parameters of hepatic phenylacetyltransferase were also analyzed using phenylacetyl coenzyme A as a substrate with the preparations from the 2nd day post-ligation. The results indicated that although the $K_m$ values of these enzymes were about the same as the sham-operated control, the $V_{max}$ values of both enzymes increased significantly. These results, therefore, suggest that the biosynthesis of benzoyltransferase and phenylacetyltransferase has been induced in response to cholestasis.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.49-65
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• 1998

Holotrichia was tested for the effects on damages of liver tissue induced by bromobenzene. Holotrichia was treated firstly into samples, and then bromobenzene intoxicated animal models were set with them. In vitro, the level of lipid peroxide in tissue of liver proportinally decreased with the level of concentration of extract prepared from Holotrichia It was much more decreased, when lipid peroxidation was induced with ferrous iron ($Fe&{+2}$). In vivo, after the extract was administered to the animal model for twenty days, the level of lipid peroxide in liver decreased compared to that of bromobenzene-treated group. The enzyme activities of epoxide hydrolase and glutathione S-transferase in liver highly increased in Holotrichia pre-medicating group compare with the group treated with only bromobenzene. And we can get the same results in the enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. The level of glutathione followed by Holotrichia pre-medicationg administration, increased as highly as normal group in compare with the group treated with only bromobenzene. Also, the enzyme activities of AL T, AST and $\{gammer}-GTP$ in liver considerably decreased. In conclusion, Holotrichia recovers the damage of liver due to bromobenzene intoxication by the increased activities of lipid peroxidation and bromobenzene scavenging enzymes.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.61-69
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• 1993

We examined various enzyme activity changes by intraperitoneal injection uranium in the carp liver. These enzyme activity changes can be used as biochemical indicators of internal exposure to uranium. The results were followings ; 1) Total protein concentration decreased by intraperitoneal injection in the carp liver. 2) Lysosomal acid pretense and ${\beta}-glucuronidase$ activities increased in the liver until sixth intraperitoneal injection of uranium, but Lysosomal acid phosphatase activities decreased in the liver until the sixth injection of uranium. 3) Alkaline phosphatase activities sharply increased and Glutamate oxaloacetate Transaminase activities steadily decreased in the liver until the sixth injection of uranium. 4) Creatine %kinase activities steadily decreased and malate dehydrogenase activities sharply decreased in the liver after the primary injection of uranium. Any malate dehydrogenase activities was not detected after sixth injection of uranium.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.108-117
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• 1999

Hepatic tumorigenesis was induced by ad libitum feeding of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) only. We could also observe hepatic tumor induction in 100% of DEN treated rats without any other cocarcinogen. The liver specific enzyme activities (AST, ALT, ALP, ${\gamma}$-GTP) were significantly increased (P<0.05) in all treated groups compared to control and induced apoptosis groups. In histopathological analysis, the altered foci, hyperplastic nodules, neoplastic nodules, adenomas and carcinomas were observed in liver tumors induced by administration of DEN in rats. Lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptosis in D-galactosamine sensitized mice was investigated in hepatocytes in vivo. Typical morphological changes of apoptosis were detectable in liver 12 hr and 24 hr after the injection of Lipopolysaccharide (5 $\mu\textrm{g}$) and D-galactosamine (20 mg) to mice. It was suggested that organ specific enzyme activities and morphological findings might be very useful for understanding the role of hepatic tumorigenesis including the apoptotic cell death.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.245-254
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• 2003

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of P/S ratio of fatty acid and antioxidant (vitamin E, selenium) supplements on the serum lipid levels and hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity in rats. Female 16-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were fed 6 different experimental diets for 4 weeks. While the peroxidizability index (PI) levels of fatty acids in the experimental diets were fixed at 81.22, the levels of P/S ratio of fatty acids were formulated at 0.38, 1.00, 4.81 (LP, MP, HP). These diets were supplemented with vitamin E (1,000 mg/kg diet) and selenium (2.5 mg/kg diet) (LP-S, MP-S, HP-S). This study showed that the serum concentrations of total-cholesterol and HDL-C increased with the increasing of the P/S ratio in the diet (p <0.05). Antioxidant supplementation significantly lowered the concentrations of triglyceride (TG) and VLDL-C of serum (p<0.05). Levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) in the liver tended to decrease with the increasing of the P/S ratio in the diet (p<0.001), but antioxidant enzyme activity in the liver was not significantly different. In addition, antioxidant supplementation significantly lowered TBARS level in the liver (p<0.05), but had no effect on antioxidant enzyme activity except for glutathione reductase (p<0.05). In conclusion, it is necessary to consider the properties of dietary fatty acids and antioxidants supplementation for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.365-368
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• 2018

Glycogen storage disease (GSD) IV is a rare autosomal recessive inherited disorder caused by mutations in the gene coding for glycogen branching enzyme leading to progressive liver disease. GSD IV is associated with mutations in GBE1, which encodes the glycogen branching enzyme. We report a case of GSD IV with rare homozygous mutations in the GBE1 gene (c.791G>A (p.Gly264Glu), which was successfully treated by liver transplantation.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.233-240
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• 1996

In order to study effects of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) saponin fraction on polyamine metabolism in rat organs, Korean ginseng saponin fraction was administrated to rats for 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12 months and brain, liver, prostate, spleen and testis were removed from these rats. Two enzyme activities were measured from those organs; ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), which is a regulatory enzyme of putrescence biosynthesis and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC), which is also a regulatory enzyme of spermidine and spermine biosynthesis. The amounts of polyamine were also determined. As for prostate and testis organs, Korean ginseng saponin fraction was innocuous for ODC and SAMDC activities from rats fed for 1 and 2 months. However, after 3 months, the stimulatory effect on the activities of two enzyme gradually increased in test groups and reached its maximum in 12 months. The contents of spermidine and spermlne of test groups in prostate and testis were also much higher than those of control groups. Another stimulatory effect on the activities of two enzymes was observed in liver and reached its maximum in 6 months. In the other organs such as brain and spleen, the enzymes were turned out to be not affected by feeding Korean ginseng saponin fraction. From the cumulative results, the stimulatory effect of Korean ginseng saponin fraction on polyamine metabolism was observed in prostate, testis and liver.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.9-19
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of calcium intake on lipid contents and enzyme activities in rats of different ages. Lipid levels in serum and liver and GOT, CPK and LDH activities in serum were compared in rats of different ages(4 weeks and 10 months) that were fed various levels of calcium(50, 100, 200% of requirement)for 3 weeks. Body weight gain and feed efficiency ratio were significantly higher in young rats than in adults. Serum calcium level was increased by elevation of calcium intake levels were decreased. Liver phospholipid and triglyceride levels in the high-cal-terol and triglyceride levels were decreased. Liver phospholipid and triglyceride levels in the high calcium group were significantly lower than those in other groups. Serum GOT and LDH activities of adults were significantly higher in low-calcium group than those in adequate/high-calcium groups. However, serum CPK activity of adults was significantly higher in high-calcium group than that in low/adequate-calcium groups. The results of this study suggest that adequate calcium intake may have protective effects ont he alteration of lipid and enzyme activity in rats.