• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.5
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• pp.79-95
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• 1996

When we see normal gait, gait cycle is seperated as stance phase and swing phase. It needs 6 determinant of gait of pelvic rotation, pelvic tilt, knee joint of stance phase, ankle and foot motion, ankle and knee motion, and pelvic movement to be accomplished. In addition, a joint and muscle action is accomplished biomechanically at the same time with its gait cycle. In oriental medicine, the relationships between chang-fu physiology and meridian physiology are summaried as follows ; ${\bullet}$ chang-fu physiology : Spleen manages the extremities. Liver manages soft tissues. Liver stores blood. Kidney stores essences. Kidney manages bones. ${\bullet}$ meridian physiology : The Leg Greater Yang Meridian and meridian soft tissues The Leg Yang-Myeong Meridian and meridian soft tissues The Leg Lesser Yang Meridian and meridian soft tissues The Leg Greater Yin Meridian and meridian soft tissues The Leg Lesser Yin Meridian and meridian soft tissues The Leg Absolute Yin Meridian and meridian soft tissues Especially, we can find out relations between in a "blood supplied feet can walk well" that explains "blood regulations and by liver nourishing effects"that is the closest concept of muscle. Abnormal gaits are due to three causes as following; first, physical defect secoud, pain third, nervous system or instability of muscle. In oriental medicine, we can know relationship in "atrophy, numbness, stroke, convulsion, muscular dystrophy of knee, rheumatoid arthritis, five causes of infantile growing defects, five causes of softening, sprain". Especially, atrophy is the most important symptom. Gait evaluation should be emphasized where a point can walk 8 feet to 10 feet considering stride width, stride length, the body weight center, stride number, flexion, extension, rotation of a joint as a standard factor. The point is we should find out something strange in a patient's side, front and back view. After that we should find out its cause as an index that we can observe abnormal findings in a joint and muscle.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.675-681
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• 2001

Objectives : It was designed for making theoretical base about the relation of the Spleen, Stomach and the liver which could be used in clinic. Methods : Including Huang Di Nei Jing(黃帝內經), the 22 kinds of books written about the relation of the Spleen, Stomach and the Liver, and 2 kinds of papers were referenced. They were divided and studied according to physiology, pathology, meridian system and treatment. This study is focused on internal organ theory. Conclusion 1. In physiology, the Liver has the function of smoothing and regulating the flow of vital energy(Ki), while the Spleen is in charge of digestion and transportation. 2. In pathology, there can be informed disharmony of the Spleen, Stomach and the Liver, blood deficiency in the Liver and Spleen, jaundice, and bleeding etc. 3. In meridian system, the junction points of Spleen Meridian and Liver Meridian are Liv14, SP6, SP12, SP13. 4. In treatment, 1) If there is disharmony of the Liver and Spleen, the Liver must be soothed and the function of Spleen invigorated. 2) If there is disharmony of the Liver and Stomach, the Liver must be soothed and the function of Stomach invigorated.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.130-142
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this case study is to report the effectiveness of Sihochunggan-tang gagambang in respect of liver meridian wind-heat or liver-heat on 7 seborrheic dermatitis patients who were in high stress and had unhealthy dietary habit. Methods : VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) score was used to check the prognosis of 7 seborrheic dermatitis patients, who have been treated with Sihochunggan-tang gagambang and acupuncture. Results : VAS score decreased as a result of Sihochunggan-tang gagambang treatment in 7 patients. Conclusion : Sihochunggan-tang gagambang can be effective treatment for the high stress and unhealthy diet related seborrheic dermatitis when diagnosed as liver meridian wind-heat or liver-heat

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.90-98
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of electro-acupuncture(EA) at ST36 on $CCl_4{^-}$ induced chronic hepatic damage in rats. Methods : The authors performed several experimental items, including measurements of liver index, hematological analysis for WBC, lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, hemoglobin, and biochemical assays for ALT, AST, ALP in serum, and histological analysis of liver tissue. Results : Liver index(liver weight/body weight), the levels of WBC, Neutrophils and Monocytes in blood, the levels of ALT, AST and ALP in serum which were increased by $CCl_4{^-}$ intoxication were reduced significantly by EA at ST36. The levels of lymphocyte and hemoglobin in blood which were decreased by $CCl_4{^-}$ intoxication were significantly increased by EA at ST36. Conclusions : EA at ST36 has a hepatoprotective effect on chronic hepatic damage in $CCl_4{^-}$ intoxicated rats.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.143-158
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to observe the anti-oxidative effects of electroacupuncture at GB34(Yangreungcheon) in rats. Methods : The authors performed several experimental items including measurements of body weight, relative liver weight, levels of albumin, total bilirubin, LDL-cholesterol, LDH, GOT and GPT in blood serum, levels of SOD, glutathione, catalase, NO and MDA in liver, and histological analysis of liver. The conclusions are as follows. Results : 1. In the GB34-EA group, liver index was lower than those of the control group and the holder group. 2. In the GB34-EA group, the levels of albumin and total bilirubin in serum were increased significantly compared to those of the control and the holder group. LDL-cholesterol level was decreased significantly compared to those of the control group and the holder group. 3. In the GB34-EA group, liver SOD, glutathione, catalase activity were increased, and NO concentration in liver was decreased significantly compared to those of control and the holder group. 4. In the GB34-EA group, the density of liver tissue was more similarly maintained to that of the normal group compared to those of the control group, holder group and sham-EA group. Conclusions : These results suggest that electroacupuncture at GB34 may have an antioxidant effect in rat.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.25-35
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• 2000

Objectives : The characteristic of meridian system has been similar to this of electric potentials in human body. Therefore to measure the electric potentials in healthy volunteers and patients, and to find out the characteristic of meridian system and also to do that of differences between them. Methods : Twenty-nine healthy volunteers, thirty patients diagnosed as a cerebral infarction and wind-syndrome caused by hyperactivity of the liver-yang(肝陽化風) were examined into electric potential of well(井穴) and sea(合穴) points in branches of the twelve meridians by physiograph. Results : Measurements were analyzed by factor analysis, then we obtained that both the right and the left electric potential of well and sea points in branches of the twelves meridians in healthy volunteers were divided into two factors, hand meridian and foot meridian. Where as the left electric potential of those in patients with cerebral infarction were divided into three factors, one is foot meridian, another is hand meridian with the exception of large intestine meridian, and the other is large intestine meridian and also the right electric potential were divided into three factors, foot meridian, hand meridian with the exception of large intestine and lung meridian, and large intestine and lung meridian. Conclusions : In the results, healthy volunteers differ from patients in characteristic of electrical potentials, which means that we are able to catch the characteristic of meridian system by electrical potentials of well and sea points.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.197-209
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• 2001

In the Literal Study on the Effect of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Treatment on the Bungru, the results were as follows. 1. The Bungru means an abnormal bleeding of femail genetalia. and is devided to Bungjung and Bungha. 2. The etiological factors of Bungru are heat of blood, asthenic coldness. asthenia of chong and ren channels. deficiency of blood, deficiency of vital energy, stagnated blood. and asthenia of spleen & stomach. 3. In the frequency of practical use in Acupuncture treatment, the order was Ren channel, Bladder meridian. Liver meridian, Spleen meridian and Kidney meridian. 4. In the frequency of practical use in Moxibustion treatment, the order was Extra Points, Ren channel, Bladder meridian, Spleen meridian, Liver meridian and Kidney meridian. 5. The most using points of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Treatment on the Bungru were Samumgyo(Sp6), Taechung(Liv3), Hyoihae(Sp10), Umgok(B10), Kihae(CV6), Chung-guk(CV3), Kwanwon(CV4), Unbaek(Spl) and etc. 6. The charicteristics of the most used points were nourishing the spleen, regulating the middle warmer, cleaning the blood, promoting blood circulation, activating blood circulation, promoting the vital energy, regulating the obstruction of vital energy, nourishing the kidney and so on. 7. In the new Acupuncture therapy, Ear-acupuncture, Head-acupuncture, Foot-acupuncture and Skin-acupuncture were used.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.22-32
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• 2015

Objectives: This study researched the effect of Gamisoyo-san intravenous pharmacopuncture on restoration of liver function after partial hepatectomy in SD rat. Methods: Twelve rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group (n=4) underwent partial hepatectomy, saline group (n=4) was injected $1m{\ell}$ saline after partial hepatectomy, Gamisoyo-san group (n=4) was injected with 10mg/kg Gamisoyo-san after partial hepatectomy. Liver function and liver regeneration ratio were measured on the seventh day after partial hepatectomy. Results: The results show that the AST, AST and ALT level in Gamisoyo-san group was significantly lower than those of control group and saline group(P<0.05) Conclusion: In partial hepatectomy model, Gamisoyo-san intravenous pharmacopuncture seems to significantly promote the restoration of liver function.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.159-169
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• 2005

Objectives and methods: We investigated 17 books to study symptoms, pathology and acupuncture & moxibustion treatment of Hu-Ro(fatigue). Results and Conclusions: 1. The symptoms of Hu-Ro are the deafness, the amblyopia, the mass of sweat, the stiff joint, etc. There are also symptoms such as the fever of palm and legs, avoiding cold temperature in the afternoon, the fever during night time, the stomach fullness and diarrhea, the powerlessness of limbs, red colored urine. 3. The representing pathological mechanisms of Hu-Ro are Yang-deficiency(陽虛), Yin-deficiency(陰虛), Energy(Qi)-deficiency(氣虛), Blood(Hyul)-deficiency(血虛). The other pathological mechanisms are deficiency of Liver, Heart, Spleen, Lung, Kidney and the basic Energy. 4. The fundamental treatment of Hu-Ro is "warming on worned ones(勞者溫之), supplying on damaged ones(損者益之), strengthening the weakened ones(虛卽補之)" as basis and also supplying blood with fostering spleen(養血建脾) and droping fever with clearing the clogged(降火淸鬱). 5. The meridians that could be used in acupuncture and moxibustion treatment application of Hu-Ro are the urinary bladder meridian, the conception vessel meridian(任脈), governor channel meridian(督脈), kidney meridian(腎經), liver meridian, heart meridian, spleen meridian, lung meridian, stomach meridian, small intestine meridian, gall bladder meridian, pericardium meridian and triple-warmer meridian in order of frequently refered. 6. The meridian points that could be used in acupuncture and moxibustion treatment application of Hu-Ro are Joksamni (足三里:25times), Sinsu(腎兪:20回), Bisu(脾兪:19回), Pyesu(肺兪:18回), Qihye(氣海:17回), Gohwang(膏肓:15回), Kwanwon(關元:14回), Sameumgyo(三陰交:13回), Eumgeuk(陰郄:12回), Daechu(大樞:12回), Sinmun(神門:11回), Simsu(心兪:11回), Nyegwan(內關:10回), Jungwan(中脘:10回) in order of frequently refered.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.109-116
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• 2005

Objectives : To investigate the hepatoprotective effect of manual acupuncture at Sam-hwang points on hepatotoxicity in $CCl_4$-intoxicated rats. Methods : Rats were injected intraperitoneally with $CCl_4$(1ml/kg) and treated with manual acupuncture at left Sam-hwang points 3 times a week for 10 weeks. A non-acupoint in left Gluteal area was selected as a sham point. Acupuncture was performed by an experienced acupuncture doctor using tonifying manipulation technique. To estimate the effects on hepatotoxici쇼, body weight and liver weight of rats were measured, and biochemical assays(ALT, AST, ALP, Total cholesterol, etc.) and blood cell analysis were performed. Results : Manual acupuncture with tonifying technique at Sam-hwang points reduced liver weight, ALT, AST, ALP activities and total cholesterol in serum significantly compared with control group. In blood cell analysis, WBC and lymphocytes were reduced but neutrophil was increased by manual acupuncture at Sam-hwang points in rats. Conclusions : Manual acupuncture with tonifying technique at Sam-hwang points has an hepatoprotective effect on $CCl_4$-induced liver damage in rats.