• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.853-863
• /
• 2005

Object : This study was performed to investigate the anti-fibrogenic effect of Artemisiae Capillaris Herba(ACH) on cultured rat hepatic stellate cells. Methods : Hepatic Stellate Cells were obtained from a 350gm Sprague-Dawley rat by tissue perfusion system, and the cells for the study were selected after 3 passages of culture on non-coated plastic culture dishes which enable the cells to activate, thus producing collagens in the cell media. Cells were treated with various concentrations of Artemisia Capillaris Herba(ACH) extract powder for 24 or 48 hours. After the treatment, Soluble collagen, procollagen levels and the mRNA of the procollagen type I C were measured by using assay kit and RT-PCR method. Results : Procollagen production by the hepatic stellate cells decreased after the treatment in a time-dependent dose-dependent manner. The mRNA expression decreased consistently with the volume of the secreted procollagen which indicates the herb hat inhibitory effect on fibrogenesis of the liver by regulating one of the fibrosis associated genes in transcription. Conclusion : These results suggest that ACH is beneficial in the treatment of cirrhotic patients as well as for the patients with chronic hepatitis.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.743-747
• /
• 2001

Hepatic encephalopathy is caused by disorders affecting the liver. The exact cause of the disorder is unknown. It occurs changes in mental state, consciousness, behavior, personality and changes in mood include forgetfulness, confusion, disorientation, delirium, dementia, decreased alertness, daytime sleepiness, decreased responsiveness, progressive stupor, coma. As 3 admission patients into oriental hospital of daejeon university include 2 cases of cerebral infarction, 1 case of liver cirrhosis, we found those are all hepatic encephalopathy. But until the diagnosis is made, we have many mistakes to find correct. Among the mistackes, specialy mixed thing is to compare hepatic encephalopathy and cerebral infarction. So, we report these cases with a brief review of related literatures.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한의용생체공학회 1994년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.52-57
• /
• 1994

간 기능 진단에 초음파 영상이 가장 많이 이용되고 있다. 간이 나빠지면 간 표면의 입자가 굵어지고 이것이 영상에서는 밝기(intensity)와 입자의 거칠기(Coarseness)가 높아지는 등의 특성이 나타난다. 진단에 사용되는 인자는 표면의 거칠기와 밝기 외에도 소엽의 크기와 모양 그리고 문맥 혈관의 크기 등도 고려가 된다. 초음파상으로 이러한 크기와 모양의 구분은 그렇게 어렵지 않다. 그러나, 영상의 밝기와 거칠기의 미세한 변화는 구분하기가 어렵다. 본 연구는 밝기와 거칠기를 나타내는 변수를 제시하고 이를 기준으로 간 질환을 분류하였다. 간 조직의 거칠기에 따라 크게 정상(Normal), 만성 간염(Chronic), 간경변증(Cirrhosis) 세단계로 질환의 상태를 진단하고 영상의 밝기에 따라 다른 간질환과 지방간(fat liver)을 구별해 낸다. 본 분석에 이용된 임상 영상은 주로 만성 간염과 간경변증을 갖고 있는 환자들의 것과 약간의 지방간 영상들이다.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 고려인삼학회 1987년도 Proceedings of Korea-Japan Panax Ginseng Symposium 1987 Seoul Korea
• /
• pp.47-58
• /
• 1987

Ethanol exerts different effects on hepatic cellular metabolism, depending mainly on the duration of its intake. In the presence of ethanol following an acute load, a number of hepatic functions are inhibited, including lipid oxidation and microsomal drug metabolism. In its early stages, chronic ethanol consumption produces adaptive metabolic changes in the endoplasmic reticulum which result in increased metabolism of ethanol and drugs and accelerated lipoprotein production. Prolongation of ethanol intake may result in injurious hepatic lesions such as alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis A number of such metabolic effects of ethanol are directly linked to the two major products of its oxidation; hydrogen and acetaldehyde. The excess hydrogen from ethanol unbalances the liver cell's chemistry. In the presence of excess hydrogen ions the process is turned in a different direction. In this study, it was attempted to observe the effect of ginseng saponins on alcohol Oehydrogenase(ADH), aldehyde dehydrogenase(ALDH) and microsomal ethanol oxidizing system(MEOS) in vivo as well as in vitro. Furthermore, the effect of ginseng saponin on the hydrogen balance in the liver and the hepatic cellular distribution of (1-14C) ethanol, its incorporation into acetaldehyde and lipids was also investigated. It seemed that ginseng saponin stimulated the above enzymes and other related enzymes in ethanol metabolism, resulting in a rapid removal of acetaldehyde and excess hydrogen from the animal body,

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제16권12호
• /
• pp.4803-4812
• /
• 2015

Chronic alcohol and tobacco abuse plays a crucial role in the development of different liver associated disorders. Intake promotes the generation of reactive oxygen species within hepatic cells exposing their DNA to continuous oxidative stress which finally leads to DNA damage. However in response to such damage an entangled protective repair machinery comprising different repair proteins like ATM, ATR, H2AX, MRN complex becomes activated. Under abnormal conditions the excessive reactive oxygen species generation results in genetic predisposition of various genes (as ADH, ALDH, CYP2E1, GSTT1, GSTP1 and GSTM1) involved in xenobiotic metabolic pathways, associated with susceptibility to different liver related diseases such as fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. There is increasing evidence that the inflammatory process is inherently associated with many different cancer types, including hepatocellular carcinomas. The generated reactive oxygen species can also activate or repress epigenetic elements such as chromatin remodeling, non-coding RNAs (micro-RNAs), DNA (de) methylation and histone modification that affect gene expression, hence leading to various disorders. The present review provides comprehensive knowledge of different molecular mechanisms involved in gene polymorphism and their possible association with alcohol and tobacco consumption. The article also showcases the necessity of identifying novel diagnostic biomarkers for early cancer risk assessment among alcohol and tobacco users.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.139-144
• /
• 2003

Over 350 million people worldwide are chronic carriers of hepatitis B virus (HBV). Chronic viral infections of the liver can progress to cirrhosis, which may ultimately lead to hepatic failure or the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. There are two antiviral drugs on the market approved for clinical management of chronic HBV infections; interferon-alpha and the nucleoside analog lamivudine. However, they showed adverse side-effects. In the rational drug design for such therapies we would like to utilize antiviral drugs that inhibit the HBV replication in the liver. Investigation of natural extracts of silkworm exhibiting antiviral potential was held in the functional HBV polymerase activity and the release of virion particle in the HepG2.2.15 cell lines. HBV-producing transgenic mouse fed with silkworm DNJ molecule was shown as an inhibitor of serum HBV particles. We could represent this DNJ molecule as an antiviral potential complementing conventional therapies after preclinical tests against WHBV-infected animal model, woodchuck.

• 한국임상약학회지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.55-61
• /
• 1999

The object of this work was to study the pharmacokinetic differences and the cause of these differences in cirrhotic rats induced by N,N-dimethylnitrosamine or carbon tetrachloride treatment when aminophylline (8 mg/kg as theophylline, i.v.) was injected. The concentrations of theophylline and its major metabolite (1,3-dimethyluric acid) in plasma were determined by HPLC. In addition, formation of 1,3-dimethyluric acid from theophylline in microsomes was determined. In cirrhotic rats, the systemic clearance of theophylline was reduced to $17\%$ of the control value while AUC (area under the plasma concentration-time curve) and $(t_{1/2})_{\beta}$ were increased to about 6 fold and 10 fold, respectively. The formation of 1,3-dimethyluric acid was decreased to $33-41\%$ of the control value in microsomes of cirrhotic rat liver. From these results, it can be concluded that in cirrhotic rats induced by N,N-dimethylnitrosamine or carbon tetrachloride the total body clearance of theophylline is markedly reduced due to a reduced hepatic metabolism.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• 제22권5호
• /
• pp.479-486
• /
• 2019

Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) is a group of severe genetic disorders, inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, causing cholestasis of hepatocellular origin, later progressing to biliary cirrhosis and liver failure. This is the first report of PFIC type 1 with novel compound heterozygous mutations in Korea. The patient was presented with intrahepatic cholestasis, a normal level of serum ${\gamma}-glutamyl$ transferase, steatorrhea, and growth failure. Genetic testing of this patient revealed novel compound heterozygous mutations (p.Glu585Ter and p.Leu749Pro) in the ATP8B1 gene. After a liver transplantation at age 19 months, the patient developed severe post-transplant steatohepatitis.

• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제42권4호
• /
• pp.222-237
• /
• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the trend in the research on cirrhotic ascites using t herbal medicine. Methods: This review was conducted using six electronic databases(NDSL, KMBASE, Koreantk, KISS, KISTI, KoreaMed) with no restriction in year. The search term was 'liver cirrhosis', 'ascites', or 'cirrhotic ascites', 'herbal medicine', 'traditional Chinese medicine', and 'randomized clinical trial', and there was no restriction in year. The searched studies were analyzed according to the type of research. Results: After scanning the titles and abstracts, 13 articles were ultimately included. Of the outcome measures of 13 studies, effective rate, liver function test, and ascites regression time were included in the meta-analysis, which showed that the effective rate of herbal medicine-supportive treatment combination therapy was 1.27 times higher than that of supportive treatment alone, and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusions: We analyzed the trends of cirrhotic ascites treatment in herbal medicine through this review. It is necessary to conduct further studies, such as well-designed clinical trials based on the results from experimental research.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• 제25권5호
• /
• pp.655-663
• /
• 2002

Liver fibrosis is a prepathological state wherein damaged liver tissues in chronic liver diseases, such as hepatitis, are not repaired to normal tissues, but converted to fibrous tissue. 5-(2-Pyrazinyl)-4-methyl-1,2-dithiol-3-thione (oltipraz), a cancer chemopreventive agent, is effective against a wide variety of chemical carcinogens. Recently, we reported that oltipraz inhibits liver fibrogenesis (Kang et al., 2002). In the present study, the effects of oltipraz in combination with dimethyl-4,4'-dimethoxy-5,6,5',6'-dimethylene dioxybiphenyl-2,2'-dicarboxylate (DDb) on dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced liver fibrogenesis were assessed in rats. Oltipraz (30 mg/kg body weight, po, 3 times per week for 4 weeks) was found to inhibit the increases in plasma ALT, AST and bilirubin by DMN, whereas DDB (30 mg/kg body weight, po, 3 times per week for 4 weeks) attenuated the increases in the plasma ALT and bilirubin. The lowered plasma protein and albumin contents in DMN-treated rats were completely restored by oltipraz, but not by DDB. DDB decreases liver cell injury and inflammation through inhibition of nuclear factor-kB. DMN increased the accumulation of liver collagen, as indicated by the increase in the 4-hydroxyproline content in liver homogenates, which was reduced by treatment with oltipraz, but not by DDB. Given the differential effect between oltipraz and DDB, the potential enhancement of antifibrotic efficacy by the drugs was assessed in the animal model. Despite the minimal effect of DDB on DMN-induced fibrogenesis, DDB (5-25 mg/kg), administered together with oltipraz (25-5 mg/kg), showed an additive protective effect against hepatotoxicity and fibrosis induced by DMN, which was shown by the blood chemistry parameters and histopathological analysis. The adequate composition ratio of oltipraz to DDB was 5:1. These results provide information on the pharmaceutical composition, comprising of oltipraz and DDB as the active components, for the treatment and/or prevention of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis.