• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.170-178
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• 2016

Composited molybdenum oxide and amorphous carbon (MoO₃/C) as anode material for lithium ion batteries has been successfully synthesized by calcining polyaniline (PANI) doped with ammonium heptamolybdate tetrahydrate (AMo). The as prepared electrode material was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The electrochemical performance of the anode was investigated by galvanostatic charge/discharge, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The MoO₃/C shows higher specific capacity, better cyclic performance and rate performance than pristine MoO₃ at room temperature. The electrochemical of MoO₃/C properties at various temperatures were also investigated. At elevated temperature, MoO₃/C exhibited higher specific capacity but suffered rapidly declines. While at low temperature, the electrochemical performance was mainly limited by the low kinetics of lithium ion diffusion and the high charge transfer resistance.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.635-644
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• 2018

Lithium ion batteries have been broadly used in various applications to our daily life such as portable electronics, electric vehicles and grid-scale energy storage devices. Significant efforts have recently been made on developing electrode materials for lithium ion batteries that meet commercial needs of the high energy density, light weight and low cost. In this review, we summarize the principles and recent research advances in cathode and anode materials for lithium ion batteries, and particularly emphasize electrode material designs and advanced characterization techniques.

• Carbon letters
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.335-339
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• 2007

Carbon/silicon composites were synthesized by mixing silicon powders with petroleum pitch and subsequent heat-treatment. The resultant composites were composed of carbon and nano-size crystalline silicon identified by XRD and EDX. FIB images and SEM images were taken respectively to detect the existence of silicon impregnated in carbon and the distribution of silicon on the carbon surface. The obtained carbon/silicon materials were assembled as half cell anodes for lithium ion secondary battery and their electrochemical properties were tested. The pitch/silicon composite (3 : 1 wt. ratio) heat treated at $1000^{\circ}C$ and mixed with 55.5 wt.% of graphite showed relatively good electrochemical properties such as the initial efficiency of 78%, the initial discharge capacity of 605 mAh/g, and the discharge capacity of 500 mAh/g after 20 cycles.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.1191-1200
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• 2023

The lithium ion battery has applied to various fields of energy storage systems such as electric vehicle and potable electronic devices in terms of high energy density and long-life cycle. Despite of various research on the electrode and electrolyte materials, there is a lack of research for investigating of the binding materials to replace polymer based binder. In this study, we have investigated petroleum pitch/polymer composite with various ratios between petroleum pitch and polymer in order to optimize the electrochemical and physical performance of the lithium-ion battery based on petroleum pitch/polymer composite binder. The electrochemical and physical performances of the petroleum pitch/polymer composite binder based lithium-ion battery were evaluated by using a charge/discharge test, cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and universal testing machine (UTM). As a result, the petroleum pitch(MP-50)/polymer(PVDF) composite (5:5 wt % ratio) binder based lithium-ion battery showed 1.29 gf mm^-1 of adhesion strength with 144 mAh g^-1 of specific dis-charge capacity and 93.1 % of initial coulombic efficiency(ICE) value.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.142-150
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• 2005

The natural graphite particles A and heat-treated graphite particles B at $1800\;^{\circ}C$ after pitch-coating were used as the anode base materials for lithium ion secondary battery. In order to improve the performance of anode materials, the base anode materials were treated with various acids. With the acid treatments of 62% $HNO_3$ and 95% $H_2SO_4$ aqueous solution, the specific surface area and electrical conductivity of base anode materials were increased, and the initial charge-discharge capacity and cycle performance were improved due to the elimination of structural defects.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.592-597
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• 2014

The graphite/$SiO_2$ composites as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries were prepared by sol-gel method to improve the graphite's electrochemical characteristics. The prepared graphite/$SiO_2$ composites were analysed by XRD, FE-SEM and EDX. The graphite surface modified by silicon dioxide showed several advantages to stabilize SEI layer. The electrochemical characteristics were investigated for lithium ion battery using graphite/$SiO_2$ as the working electrode and Li metal as the counter electrode. Electrochemical behaviors using organic electrolytes ($LiPF_6$, EC/DMC) were characterized by charge/discharge, cycle, cyclic voltammetry and impedance tests. The lithium ion battery using graphite/$SiO_2$ electrodes had better capacity than that of using graphite electrodes and was able to deliver a discharge capacity with 475 mAh/g at a rate of 0.1 C. Also, the capacity retention ratio of the modified graphite reaches 99% at a rate of 0.8 C.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.252-256
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• 2001

The rapid development of communication equipment and information processing technology has led to a constant improvement in cordless communication. Lithium ion batteries used in cellular phones and laptop computers, in particular, have been in the forefront of the above revolution. These batteries use high value added raw materials and have a high and stable energy output and are increasingly coming into common use. The development of the material for the negative terminal has led to an improvement in the quality and efficiency of the batteries, whereas a reduction in the cost of the battery by researching new materials for the positive anode has become a research theme by itself. These long life batteries, it is being increasingly realized, can have value added to them by recycling. Research is increasingly being done on recycling the aluminum case and the load casing for the negative diode. This paper aims to introduce the current situation of recycling of lithium ion batteries. 1. Introduction 2. Various types of batteries and the situation of their recycling and the facts regarding recycling. 3. Example of cobalt recycling from waste Lithium ion secondary cell. 3-1) Flow Chart of Lithium ion battery recycling 3-2) Materials that make a lithium ion secondary cell. 3-3) Coarse grinding of Lithium ion secondary cell, and stabilization of current discharge 3-4) Burning 3-5) Grinding 3-6) Magnetic Separation 3-7) Dry sieving 3-8) Dry Classifying 3-9) Content Ratio of recycled cobalt parts 3-10) Summary of the Line used for the recovery of Cobalt from waste Lithium ion battery. 4. Conclusion.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.340-341
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• 2005

Lithium titanium oxide as anode material for energy storage prepared by novel synthesis method. $Li_4Ti_5O_{12}$ based spinel-framework structures are of great interest material for lithium-ion batteries. We describe here $Li_4Ti_5O_{12}$ a zero-strain insertion material was prepared by novel sol-gel method and by high energy ball milling (HEBM) of precursor to from nanocrystalline phases. According to the X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analysis, uniformly distributed $Li_4Ti_5O_{12}$ particles with grain sizes of 100nm were synthesized. Lithium cells, consisting of $Li_4Ti_5O_{12}$ anode and lithium cathode showed the 173 mAh/g in the range of 1.0 $\sim$ 3.0 V. Furthermore, the crystalline structure of $Li_4Ti_5O_{12}$ didn't transfer during the lithium intercalation and deintercalation process.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.110-115
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• 2013

The electrochemical performance and microstructure of Al-Si, Al-Si/C was investigated as anode for lithium ion battery. The Al-Si nano composite with 5 : 1 at% ratio was prepared by arc-discharge nano powder process. However, some of problem is occurred, when Al nano composite was synthesized by this manufacturing. The oxidation film is generated around Al-Si particles for passivating processing in the manufacture. The oxidation film interrupts electrical chemistry reaction during lithium ion insertion/extraction for charge and discharge. Because of the existence the oxidation film, Al-Si first cycle capacity is very lower than other examples. Therefore, carbon synthsized by glucose ($C_6H_{12}O_6$) was conducted to remove the oxidation film covered on the composite. The results showed that the first discharge cycle capacity of Al-Si/C is improved to 113mAh/g comparing with Al-Si (18.6mAh/g). Furthermore, XRD data and TEM images indicate that $Al_4C_3$ crystalline exist in Al-Si/C composite. In addition the Si-Al anode material, in which silicon is more contained was tested by same method as above, it was investigated to check the anode capacity and morphology properties in accordance with changing content of silicon, Si-Al anode has much higher initial discharge capacity(about 500mAh/g) than anode materials based on Aluminum as well as the morphology properties is also very different with the anode based Aluminum.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.602-606
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• 2003

Silicon has been developed as an alternate anode material for lithium secondary batteries. A simple approach to improve the electrical contact of silicon powder has described. Carbon-coated and silver-coated silicon have been prepared by chemical vapor deposition and electroless plating respectively. Assembled cells, which consisted of surface modified silicon, lithium foil and $Li^+$ contained organic electrolyte, have been studied using electrochemical methods. Carbon-coated silicon was improved in the electrochemical performance such as reversibility and resistance compared to surface-unmodified silicon.