• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.792-801
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• 2000

The problem of phase change from liquid to solid in the inviscid plane-stagnation flow is theoretically investigated. The solution at the initial stage of freezing is obtained by expanding it in powers of time, and the final equilibrium state is determined from the steady-state governing equations. The transient solution is dependent on the three dimensionless parameters, but the equilibrium state is determined by one parameter of (temperature ratio/conductivity ratio). The effect of the fluid flow on the growth rate of the solid in the pure conduction problem can be clearly seen from the solution of the initial stage and the final equilibrium state. The characteristics of the transient heat transfer at the surface of the solid and the liquid side of the solid-liquid interface for all the dimensionless parameters are elucidated.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.139-144
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• 1998

In Semi-Solid Forging, it is necessary to control the forming variables accurately in order to make near-net-shape products. Generally, the defects of products may occur due to liquid segregation which can be caused by the degree of deformation and strain rate, and condition of friction in Semi-Solid Forging, where the segregation is to be predicted by flow analysis. This paper presents the feasibility of theoretical analysis model using the new yield function for compressible P/M materials which is proposed by Doraivelu et at. to the flow analysis of the semi-solid dendritic Sn-15％Pb alloys instead of adopting the yield criterion of Shima and Oyane which is used by Charreyron and Flemings. The simple compression process is taken into consideration as the model to confirm the usefulness of the adopted yield function. The distribution of the liquid fraction at various strains and strain rates in radial direction, and the influence of friction are estimated by upper-bound method.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 1997년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.777-781
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• 1997

In this study, the effect of strain-rate and inital solid fraction on the deformation behaviour of semi-solid material is investigated, when semi-solid forging is performed by the process of closed-die compression using A356 alloy of which the above results can be practically applied for industrical purpose. In order to simulate densification in the deformation of semi-solid material, the semi-solid material is assumed to be composed of solid region following rigid visco-plastic material, the liquid region following Darcy's law for the liquid flow saturated in the interstitial space. Simulation results of closed-die compression and simple upsetting under different strain-rate and initial solid fraction are compared.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 1997년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.98-105
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• 1997

The behaviour of alloys in the semi-solid state strongly depends on the imposed stress state and on the morphology of the phase which can very from dendritic to globular. The estimation of behaviour characteristic in the compression simulation with seim-solid materials are calculated by finite element method with proposed algorithm. The proposed theoretical model and a various boundary conditions for compression process is investigated with the coupling calculation between the liquid phase flow and the solid phase deformation. The simulation process considering soldification phenomena is performed to the isothermal conditions of two dimensional problems. To analysis of compression process by using semi-solid materials, a new stress-strain relationship is described, and compression analysis is performed by viscoelastic model for the solid phase and the Darcy's law for the liquid flow. The calculated results for compression force and ram displacement will be compared to experimental data.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.440-444
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• 2015

Effects of operating variables on the solid circulation rate were investigated in a three-phase circulating fluidized bed, of which inside diameter was 0.102m and height was 3.5m, respectively. Gas velocity, primary and secondary liquid velocities, particle size and height of solid particles piled up in the solid recycle device were chosen as operating variables. The solid circulation rate increased with increasing primary and secondary liquid velocities and height of solid particles piled up in the solid recycle device, but decreased with increasing particle size. The value of solid circulation rate decreased only slightly with increasing gas velocity in the riser. The values of solid circulation rate were well correlated in terms of dimensionless groups within the experimental conditions.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.334-342
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• 2012

새로 개발된 '고액분리 통합이론'의 핵심 개념인 '케이크 첫 입자층이 받는 압력 $p_d$'의 역할을 인식하기 위해, 고압축성 케이크에 대해 다음과 같은 세 가지 고액분리 분야를 새로운 개념으로 분석하였다. 첫째, 침전된 플럭의 케이크 여과에서 여과 대상이 되는 침전 플럭의 두께 계산에서 $p_d$의 역할과, 케이크의 형성 두께 계산에서의 $p_d$의 역할. 둘째, 압착 과정에서의 $p_d$의 역할, 그리고 마지막으로 간섭침전 결과 쌓이는 높이에 미치는 $p_d$의 역할과 간섭침전 과정에서의 $p_d$의 중요성을 보였다. 이로써 고액분리 통합이론의 적용 가능성과, 그에 있어 $p_d$의 중요성을 밝힐 수 있었다. 이 과정을 통하여 케이크 여과, 압착, 간섭침전의 이론적인 새로운 정의가 가능해졌다.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.28-31
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• 2012

We report the solid-liquid phase equilibria on the $GdBa_2Cu_3O_{7-{\delta}}$ (GdBCO) stability phase diagram in low oxygen pressures ($PO_2$) ranging from 1 to 100 mTorr. On the basis of the GdBCO stability phase diagram experimentally determined in low oxygen pressures, the isothermal sections of three different phase fields on log $PO_2$ vs. 1/T diagram were schematically constructed within the $Gd_2O_3-Ba_2CuO_y-Cu_2O$ ternary system, and the solid-liquid phase equilibria in each phase field were described. The invariant points on the phase boundaries include the following three reactions; a pseudobinary peritectic reaction of $GdBCO{\leftrightarrow}Gd_2O_3$ + liquid ($L_1$), a ternary peritectic reaction of $GdBCO{\leftrightarrow}Gd_2O_3+GdBa_6Cu_3O_y$ + liquid ($L_2$), and a monotectic reaction of $L_1{\leftrightarrow}GdBa_6Cu_3O_y+L_2$. A conspicuous feature of the solid-liquid phase equilibria in low $PO_2$ regime (1 - 100 mTorr) is that the GdBCO phase is decomposed into $Gd_2O_3+L_1$ or $Gd_2O_3+GdBa_6Cu_3O_y+L_2$ rather than $Gd_2BaCuO_5+L$ well-known in high $PO_2$ like air.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.897-910
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine sodium intakes from soup, stew and noodle in school lunch using sodium content database separately developed for the solid part, liquid part of soup and stew (liquid based dishes) in middle school students. Two hundred fifty two middle school students in Seoul were asked about awareness towards reducing sodium intake and soup/stew intake provided in school lunch in September 2015. Only 68% of students were aware of the 'Day without soup/stew' event and why those events were held. Girls tend to consume more all solid and liquid parts of soups than boys in Miso soup (50.0% vs 36.2%), Bean sprout soup (56.6% vs 44.8%), Seaweed soup (61.8% vs 45.7%), Beef Radish soup (61.8% vs 59.5%), and Korean pasta soup with Kimchi (58.1% vs 46.6%). Average sodium intake from soup/stew/noodle dishes in school lunch was $379.6{\pm}183.9mg$ if behaviors of eating solid or liquid parts were considered and $556.8{\pm}190.6mg$ if behaviors of eating solid or liquid parts were not considered. Based on the results, the difference of sodium intake depends on the consuming behaviors of liquid parts of soup and stew dishes. It is necessary to establish and use a sodium database for each solid part and liquid part separately in soup, stew and noodle dishes to assess more accurate sodium intake. Education on the reduction of sodium intake through proper behaviors is salient in the achievement of a healthy diet.

• 공업화학
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.537-543
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• 1993

N-헥산과 증류수로 이루어진 비혼화성 액상계에서 교반에 의한 액-액분산을 해석하였다. 교반기는 blade형태가 flat, 60mesh와 40mesh의 금망, 그리고 60mesh금망의 외부에 금속띠를 두른 4가지의 6-bladed turbine 교반기를 사용하였다. 실험결과, 동일한 교반속도에서 유기상의 분산정도와 교반기의 소요동력은 blade형태가 flat>solid edged>60mesh>40mesh의 순서이었으며 유기상의 부피비가 증가할수록 완전분산에 필요한 최소교반속도가 증가되었다. 또한 분산상의 액적의 평균직경은 교반속도의 증가에 따라 감소하였으며 동일한 교반속도에서는 Solid edged$d_{32}$)은 다음과 같이 유기상의 부피비(${\phi}$)와 Weber number($N_{We}$)의 함수로 나타낼 수 있었다.$d_{32}/D=a(1+b{\phi})N_{We}{^{-0.6}}$.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2011년도 제37회 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.745-749
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• 2011

혼합용 임펠러를 장착한 연료탱크의 액체연료와 미세 고체입자의 부유, 혼합 현상을 분석하고자 2차원 혼합 유동 수치해석을 수행하였다. 다상 유동해석은 Eulerian Grandular Multiphase 기법을 사용하였고, 해석기법을 12vol% 고체 혼합 조건 실험의 축방향 고체 농도 분포와 비교하여 확인하였다. 해석용 연료탱크는 10.5vol% 고체입자를 액체연료와 혼합하는 것으로 회전수 700rpm 조건에서 4가지 경우의 임펠러 위치와 유속 조건으로 해석을 수행하였다. 각 경우에 대한 Quality of Suspension 결과를 비교하여 적합한 임펠러 위치와 속도방향을 확인하였다.