• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.184-194
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• 2014

Objective: To evaluate the relative importance of bilabial prominence in relation to other facial profile parameters in a normal population. Methods: Profile stimulus images of 38 individuals (28 female and 10 male; ages 19-25 years) were shown to an unrelated group of first-year students (n = 42; ages 18-24 years). The images were individually viewed on a 17-inch monitor. The observers received standardized instructions before viewing. A six-question questionnaire was completed using a Likert-type scale. The responses were analyzed by ordered logistic regression to identify associations between profile characteristics and observer preferences. The Bayesian Information Criterion was used to select variables that explained observer preferences most accurately. Results: Nasal, bilabial, and chin prominences; the nasofrontal angle; and lip curls had the greatest effect on overall profile attractiveness perceptions. The lip-chin-throat angle and upper lip curl had the greatest effect on forehead prominence perceptions. The bilabial prominence, nasolabial angle (particularly the lower component), and mentolabial angle had the greatest effect on nasal prominence perceptions. The bilabial prominence, nasolabial angle, chin prominence, and submental length had the greatest effect on lip prominence perceptions. The bilabial prominence, nasolabial angle, mentolabial angle, and submental length had the greatest effect on chin prominence perceptions. Conclusions: More prominent lips, within normal limits, may be considered more attractive in the profile view. Profile parameters have a greater influence on their neighboring aesthetic units but indirectly influence related profile parameters, endorsing the importance of achieving an aesthetic balance between relative prominences of all aesthetic units of the facial profile.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.12-16
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• 1999

Background and Objectives : The common cause of voice disorders may be bad habits of phonation. faulty vocal habits might aggravate the voice disorder or make the dysphonia. Authors thought the analysis of faulty vocal habits might help to evaluate the causes and to choose the treatment methods in patients with dysphonia. Authors studied to evaluate which vocal habits were used in patients with dysphonia. Materials and Methods : Patients with dysphonia(N= 32) and person without dysphonia(N=20) were evaluated through pre-evaluation test by otolaryngologist and SLP. All subjects were evaluated accordingly Posture of body, expansion of cervical vein, excessive movements of thyroide prominence, position of tongue, tension of lower lip, tension of jaw, breathing pattern related with phonation. Results : In dysphonia group, we found 23 cases with tension of jaw, 15 cases with expansion of cervical vein, 7 cases with bad position of tongue, 3 cases with excessive movement of thyroid prominence and a lot of cases with bad breathing Pattern on Phonation. In control group, only 3 cases with bad position of tongue, 2 cases with tension of lower lip, 1 case with tension of jaw were found. Conclusions : More faulty vocal habits were found in dysphonia group. Authors thought faulty vocal habits could be the cause of dysphonia and aggravate the dysphonia and the control of vocal habits would be very important in patients with dysphonia.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.135-146
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• 2018

The Modified Voiced Lip Trill (MVoLT) training is a variant of voiced lip-till training characterized by increased loudness, lowered laryngeal position, and lip contact facilitated with fingers. The purpose of the current study was to assess the effect of the MVoLT training program on vocal changes of musical singing theater students. A total of 32 musical theater students (17 males and 15 females, age ranging from 18 to 29) participated in the study. For about three months, each participant was tutored using a systematic program focussing on the MVoLT training, accompanied by certain facilitating strategies. Pre- & post-training multi-dimensional vocal characteristics were assesed and compared. Results showed that cepstral peak prominence during vowel phonation increased after training, while its standard deviation and Cepstral Spectral Index of Dysphonia decreased. When an aerodynamic assessment was performed, maximum phonation time, subglottal pressure, mean airflow rate increased, while electroglottographic measures did not change. In addition, decreased psychometric measures, higher maximum pitch, and increased vocal range were noted after training. In conclusion, the MVoLT was proven to have a potential as an effective and safe training method for musical theater singing.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제38권
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• pp.38.1-38.10
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• 2016

Background: The aims of this study are to evaluate the lip morphology and change of lip commissure after mandibular setback surgery (MSS) for class III patients and analyze association between the amount of mandibular setback and change of lip morphology. Methods: The samples consisted of 14 class III patients treated with MSS using bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy. Lateral cephalogram and cone-beam CT were taken before and about 6 months after MSS. Changes in landmarks and variables were measured with 3D software program $Ondemand^{TM}$. Paired and independent t tests were performed for statistical analysis. Results: Landmarks in the mouth corner (cheilion, Ch) moved backward and downward (p < .005, p < .01). However, cheilion width was not statistically significantly changed. Landmark in labrale superius (Ls) was not altered significantly. Upper lip prominence angle (ChRt-Ls-$ChLt^{\circ}$) became acute. Landmarks in stomion (Stm), labrale inferius (Li) moved backward (p < .005, p < .001). Lower lip prominence angle (ChRt-Li-$ChLt^{\circ}$) became obtuse (p < .001). Height of the upper and lower lips was not altered significantly. Length of the upper lip vermilion was increased (p =< 0.01), and length of the lower lip vermilion was decreased (p < .05). Lip area on frontal view was not statistically significantly changed, but the upper lip area on lateral view was increased and change of the lower lip area decreased (p > .05, p < .005). On lateral view, upper lip prominent point (UP) moved downward and stomion moved backward and upward and the angle of Ls-UP-Stm ($^{\circ}$) was decreased. Lower lip prominent point (LP) moved backward and downward, and the angle of Stm-LP-Li ($^{\circ}$) was increased. Li moved backward. Finally, landmarks in the lower incisor tip (L1) moved backward and upward, but stomion moved downward. After surgery, lower incisor tip (L1) was positioned more superiorly than stomion (p < .05). There were significant associations between horizontal soft tissue and corresponding hard tissue. The posterior movement of L1 was related to statistically significantly about backward and downward movement of cheilion. Conclusions: The lip morphology of patients with dento-skeletal class III malocclusion shows a significant improvement after orthognathic surgery. Three-dimensional lip morphology changes in class III patients after MSS exhibited that cheilion moved backward and downward, upper lip projection angle became acute, lower lip projection angle became obtuse, change of upper lip area on lateral view was increased, change of lower lip area decreased, and morphology of lower lip was protruding. L1 was concerned with the lip tissue change in statistically significant way.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.3-15
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• 2014

An articulatory study (using an Electromagnetic Articulography, EMA) was conducted to explore effects of prosodic boundary strength (Intonational Phrase/IP versus Word/Wd), and focus (Focused/accented, Neutral, Unfocused/unaccented) on the kinematic realization of /m/ in the coda (${\ldots}$am#i${\ldots}$) and the onset (${\ldots}$a#mi${\ldots}$) conditions in Korean. (Here # refers to a prosodic boundary such as an IP or a Wd boundary). Several important points have emerged. First, the boundary effect on /m/s was most robustly observed in the temporal dimension in both the coda (IP-final) and the onset (IP-initial) conditions, generally in line with cross-linguistically observable boundary-related lengthening patterns. Crucially, however, in contrast with boundary-related slowing-down effects that have been observed in English, both the IP-final and IP-initial temporal expansions of Korean /m/s were not accompanied by an articulatory slowing down. They were, if anything, associated with a faster movement in the lip opening (release) phase (into the vowel). This suggests that the mechanisms underlying boundary-related temporal expansions may differ between languages. Second, observed boundary-induced strengthening effects (both spatial and temporal expansions, especially on the IP-initial /m/s) were remarkably similar to prominence (focus)-induced strengthening effects, which is again counter to phrase-initial strengthening patterns observed in English in which boundary effects are dissociated from prominent effects. This suggests that initial syllables in Korean may be a common focus for both boundary and prominence marking. These results, taken together, imply that the boundary-induced strengthening in Korean is different in nature from that in English, each being modulated by the individual language's prosodic system. Third, the coda and the onset /m/s were found to be produced in a subtly but significantly different way even in a Wd boundary condition, a potentially neutralizing (resyllabification) context. This suggests that although the coda may be phonologically 'resyllabified' into the following syllable in a phrase-medial position, its underlying syllable affiliation is kinematically distinguished from the onset.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.14-29
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• 2006

치과교정영역에서 컴퓨터기술의 발달로 안면 경조직 및 연조직의 3차원적인 분석이 가능해졌으며 이에 따라 교정환자의 진단과 치료계획 및 치료 후에 연조직의 3차원적인 평가가 가능하게 되었다. 그러나 안면 연조직의 3차원적 분석을 위한 표준화된 기준이 없고 임상적용이 가능한 진단 프로그램은 아직 없는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 3차원 진단 시 유용한 안면 연조직 계측점들의 3차원 계측치(X, Y, Z)를 제시하고, 이를 이용하여 설정된 길이, 각도 및 비율의 정상치를 제시하고자 한다. 3차원 촬영 기구로 비접촉식 3차원 레이저 스캐너를 이용하였으며, 한국 성인 정상교합 자 남녀 각각 30명(남자평균 20.1세, 여자평균 21.7세)을 연구대상으로 하였다. Rapidform 2004 프로그램(Inus Technology Inc., Seoul, Korea)으로 3차원 영상을 만든 후 3차원 입체영상에 soft tissue nasion을 원점으로 하는 좌표계(X축-좌우, Y축-상하, Z축-전후)를 설정하고, 29개의 계측점을 지정한 후 거리계측 45개 항목, 각도 8개 항목, 거리비율 29개 항목을 분석하였다. 각각의 계측점의 3차원 좌표(X, Y, Z)를 구하였으며 이를 바탕으로 각각의 계측항목을 계산하여 표준화하였다. 특히, 각도항목에서 transverse upper lip prominence (Ch(Rt)-ULPm-Ch(Lt))는 남자 $107^{\circ}$, 여자 $106^{\circ}$였고, transverse mandibular prominence (Go'(Rt)-Pog'-Go'(Lt))는 남녀 모두 $76^{\circ}$였다. Naso frontal angle (G-N'-Pn)은 남자 $142^{\circ}$, 여자 $147^{\circ}$, transverse nasal prominence (Zy(Rt)-Pn-Zy(Lt))는 남자 $112^{\circ}$, 여자 $116^{\circ}$로 남녀 간에 통계학적으로 유의차가 있었다 (p<0.05). 하안면고경 하방 2/3 (Li-Me')와 하악체길이(Go'-Me'), 입술고경(ULPm-Li)과 폭경(Ch(Rt)-Ch(Lt))의 비율은 각각 2/5로 나타났다. 관상기준평면에서 안면의 윤곽을 나타내는 계측점인 FT, Zy, Pn, ULPm, Li, Me'까지의 거리의 비는 -1/-1/1/0.5/0.5/-0.6였다. 또한 얻어진 자료를 이용하여 한국 성인 정상교합자의 3차원 안면 모델을 제작하였으며 이는 교정진단 또는 치료결과 비교 시 template로 활용될 수 있으리라 사료된다.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.93-99
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• 2019

Ectodermal dysplasia is a genetic disorder in which various clinical manifestations involve two or more of the differentiated tissues of the ectoderm. Facial deformity, which is frequently associated with ectodermal dysplasia, appears in the form of cleft lip or cleft palate, especially in the middle facial area.Cleft and tooth defects result in decreased alveolar bone development.This leads to severe skeletal incongruity. Facial features include frontal protrusion, malar bone hypoplasia, flat nose, mandibular prominence and long lower facial height. This clinical report presents treatment including orthognathic surgery of a patient with Hypohidrotic Ectodermal dysplasia with cleft palate.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.48-52
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• 2019

Background and Objectives : Functional aphonia is characterized by incomplete closure of the vocal folds. Semi-occluded vocal tract exercise (SOVTE) allows smoothly vocal folds collision without damage to the vocal folds tissues to produce normal vocal intensity. The purpose of this study is to report the effect of SOVTE in patients with functional aphonia. Materials and Method : Seven patients diagnosed with functional aphonia were treated with 1-3 voice therapy sessions using voiced lip-trill, humming, Lax Vox in SOVTE. To assess the effectiveness of semi-occluded vocal tract exercise, cepstral analysis and auditory perceptual assessment were performed before and after voice therapy. Results : F0 (fundamental frequency), CPP (cepstral peak prominence) and L/H ratio (low/high spectral ratio) were significantly increased, while CPP Standard deviation, L/H ratio Standard deviation were decreased. In addition, 'Grade', 'Breathiness' and 'Asthenia' were significantly decreased in the GRBAS scale after SOVTE (p<0.05). Conclusion : In our study, SOVTE seemed to be effective to elicit voice quickly and promote vocal folds vibration without muscular effort in patients with functional aphonia.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.349-358
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• 1996

부정교합을 치료하기 위해 영구치 발거여부를 결정하는 것은 교정학의 역사상 커다란 논쟁거리였고, 따라서 진단과정에서 사용되는 많은 분석법들과 발치의 기준들이 제시되었다. 이제까지 제시되어 온 발치기준들(Extraction formulas)을 검토해 보면, 치열궁 장경 부조화, 치열의 전방돌출, 그리고 환자의 골격형태에 기초하여 발치를 결정함을 알 수 있다. 이들 중에서 가장 중요하게 고려되어야 할 진단요소는 환자의 골격형태로, 결국 개개 환자의 부정교합은 그 환자의 골격형태 범위 내에서 치료되어야 하기 때문이다. EI(Extraction Index)는 환자의 골격형태를 감별진단 할수 있는 CF를 기본으로 구성되어 있고, CF는 부정교합의 수직적, 수평적 요소를 감별해내는 ODI이와 APDI로 이루어져 있다. 또한 피에는 환자의 안모에 영향을 미치는 절치간 각과 입술의 전후방 위치가 포함되어 있어서 안모형태도 고려되어 있다. 본 연구에서는 정상 교합자로서 골격이 조화를 이루며 좋은 안모를 가지고 있고 교정치료를 받은 적이 없는 11.2 - 14.4 세의 아동을 대상으로 하여 두부계측 방사선 사진을 분석하여 EI에 관련된 항목들을 측정한 결과, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. ODI이는 $73.5^{\circ}$, APDI는 $82.8^{\circ}$, CF는 $156.3^{\circ}$ 였다. 2. 절치간 각은 $123.6^{\circ}$ 였다. 3. E-line에 대한 상순의 거리는 0.0mm, 하순은 1.4mm 였다. 4. Extraction Index는 153.8 였다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.657-668
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• 2000

본 연구는 골격성 III급 부정교합 환자에서 상악골 전방이동 수술 후 야기되는 코의 형태변화에 대해 연구하고 이를 예측할 수 있는 요소를 찾아 교정-악교정 수술 복합 치료계획의 수립과 결과의 예측에 이용하고자 시행되었다. 부산대학교병원 치과진료처 교정과에 내원하여 골격성 III급 부정교합으로 진단되어 술전 교정치료를 받고 Le Fort I 골절단술로 상악골의 전방 이동시키는 동시에 하악골을 후방 이동시킨 남녀 성인 환자 25명을 대상으로 하였다. 이들의 수술전, 후 측모두부규격방사선사진과 정모 및 측모 안면사진을 계측, 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 상악골 전방이동에 따른 비첨의 수직적 위치 변화는 상관성이 높았으며 ANt, SNt에서 A point의 전방이동에 의해 ${\beta}_0$는 각각 0.228, 0.257로 나타났다. 2. 상악골 전방이동에 따른 비첨의 수평적 위치변화는 상관성이 높았으며 ANt, SNt, Sn point에서 A point의 전방이류에 의해 ${\beta}_0$는 각각 0.484, 0.431, 0.806으로 나타났다. 3. 상악골의 전방이동에 따른 비익부의 확장정도는A point의 전방이동에 의해 0.002의 ${\beta}_0$를 나타내었으나, 임상적으로 유의한 변화는 없었다. 4. 수술 후 비첨의 수직적 및 전후방적 위치변화를 예측하는 지표로 사용된 ADV, DRI, Prominence of nose, Pre-Op CA 중 ADV 만이 설명변수로서 유의성이 있었다.