• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.192-207
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• 2023

Commercialization of level-4 (Lv.4) autonomous driving applications requires the definition of a safe road environment under which autonomous vehicles can operate safely. Thus, a risk assessment model is required to determine whether the operation of autonomous vehicles can provide safety to is sufficiently prepared for future real-life traffic problems. Although the risk factors of autonomous vehicles were selected and graded, the decision-making method was applied as qualitative data using a survey of experts in the field of autonomous driving due to the cause of the accident and difficulty in obtaining autonomous driving data. The fuzzy linguistic representation of decision-makers and the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP), which converts uncertainty into quantitative figures, were implemented to compensate for the AHP shortcomings of the multi-standard decision-making technique. Through the process of deriving the weights of the upper and lower attributes, the road alignment, which is a physical infrastructure, was analyzed as the most important risk factor in the operation risk of autonomous vehicles. In addition, the operation risk of autonomous vehicles was derived through the example of the risk of operating autonomous vehicles for the 5 areas to be evaluated.

• East European & Balkan Studies
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.3-30
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• 2019

In order to understand the various cultural interactions caused by the wave of globalization, we need a proper lens that can observe and transmit correctly these phenomena. The result of understanding very differs depending on which lens is used. Translation can be regarded as a lens to communicate with each other in the world where language barriers exist. Literature is a kind of universal cultural heritage combined with the intellectual, artistic and social lifestyle of each society. Introducing this cultural complex, namely literature and impregnating people from other languages with the value of our Korean literature, begin with the correct translation. Translator should act as a literary missionary, not merely a simple communicator. The process of literary translation cannot be achieved by simple linguistic ability because it is a highly human scientific work that requires diverse talents from translators. The right translator for Korean literature in Romania is a person with diverse abilities and social experiences within the cultural framework of Korea and Romania. As the requirements of the translation environment from each country are different, the paradigm of foreign translation literature that Romania wants to accept may be very clear distinctively. With recognizing this characteristic environment of Romania, the value of Korean literature can be effectively spread in Romania. Translators are the creators of another original work. With this in mind, the education of Korean studies in Romania should pay more attention to the nurture of right and capable translators.

• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.29-51
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• 2010

The diversity of Southeast Asia can be also represented at the tremendous number of ethnic groups residing throughout its various regions even beyond national boundaries. What does it mean by the composite of numerous peoples? It has triggered a lot of problems in a nation or overall Southeast Asia. Among them, the most serious one seems to be ethnic conflicts having damaged national integration and caused political, economical, and social instability. In that respect, Karen people have been a minority group situated in the most chronic dispute in Myanmar. Since 1947 some of the Karen equipped with armed forces have been fighting against the military government currently ruling Myanmar. As the result, the refugees over 200,000 population had moved to the mountain camps located at neighboring Thailand, attracting a lot of attention throughout international societies. According to 1931 census by British colonial government, the Karen have the greatest numbers in population as minority and include 16 subgroups including Karenni(Kayah) and Pa-O seemingly excluded from its category in contemporary point of view. It means that Karen people should not be regarded as an ethnic group, and in fact do not show a homogeneous identity under the title of Karen. Given the situation, we need to reconsider the category of Karen. What does the Karen mean in a real sense? Previous studies on the Karen had been performed mainly by anthropologists or missionaries such as Marshall(1922), Hamilton (1976), Hanson Tadaw(1959), Smeaton(1920), Keyes(1979), Hayami (1992; 2004), etc. Most of them examined the Karen as a group and ignored the possibilities of representing the divergent identities vis-à-vis their subgroups. Therefore, they have focused on the myth to convert Karen people to Christianity, although the Christian Karens are less than 20% of total population. As a result, I argue that they would fail to define the real meaning of Karen. It has been caused us to recognize the Karen as a meaningless total entity to be accepted by all means. According to their arguments, the difference among Karen's subgroups is just dealt with the trivial matters that do not affect the ethnic boundary itself, still maintaining the ethnic identity as Karen. As we shall see on this thesis, this is never the case. My thesis aims at uncovering and scrutinizing the real meaning of the category of Karen. For the purpose of it, I will consider Karen people as a linguistic group from the beginning as shown in 1931 census. I argue that the Karen have been affected or exposed by various conditions or environments throughout the harsh history having happened on the areas of current Myanmar and Thailand, leading the vicissitudes of their ethnic identities.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.267-283
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• 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic, which began in December 2019 and continues to this day, has left the public needing information to help them cope with the pandemic. However, COVID-19-related fake news on social media seriously threatens the public's health. In particular, if fake news related to COVID-19 is massively spread with similar content, the time required for verification to determine whether it is genuine or fake will be prolonged, posing a severe threat to our society. In response, academics have been actively researching intelligent models that can quickly detect COVID-19-related fake news. Still, the data used in most of the existing studies are in English, and studies on Korean fake news detection are scarce. In this study, we collect data on COVID-19-related fake news written in Korean that is spread on social media and propose an intelligent fake news detection model using it. The proposed model utilizes the frequency information of parts of speech, one of the linguistic characteristics, to improve the prediction performance of the fake news detection model based on Doc2Vec, a document embedding technique mainly used in prior studies. The empirical analysis shows that the proposed model can more accurately identify Korean COVID-19-related fake news by increasing the recall and F1 score compared to the comparison model.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.271-284
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• 2023

This study compared 431 acoustic terminology of South Korean industrial standards and North Korean national standards based on IEC 60050-801:1994 international standards. In addition, this study attempted to integrate acoustic terminology between the two Koreas. There were 139 (32.3 %) AA types with exactly the same form of terminology, 35 (8.1 %) Aa types with different spellings due to differences in linguistic norms, and 257 (59.6 %) AB types with completely different forms. Morphologically, there were more than twice as many different types of terminology as the same type. In the integration of acoustic terminology with different forms, 178 (61 %) North Korean terminology and 76 (26 %) South Korean terminology were adopted. we would like to overcome the limitations of this study through the following suggestions. First, the government should support academic exchanges between the two Koreas and encourage the establishment of common standards for acoustic terminology. Second, efforts should be made to share acoustic terminology data between the two Koreas and publish an integrated acoustic terminology dictionary. Third, South and North Korea should jointly launch a terminology committee to make efforts to revise international standards together.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.51-68
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• 2023

With the emergence of the internet and the increasing use of online communities for over 20 years, the age range of users has also been rising. This study explores the linguistic changes that have occurred as the user age in online communities has increased. To do this, data was collected and analyzed from an online community that has been actively operating, despite new member registrations being closed nine years ago. By comparing the posts over an 11-year period from 2012 to 2022, changes such as an increase in average comments, a decrease in interrogative sentences, and a decrease in imperative statements were observed. The study also proposed loneliness due to aging and a decline in curiosity and confidence as potential causes of these changes. In South Korea, which is rapidly entering an aging society unprecedentedly fast on a global scale, the increase in single-person households has evolved loneliness from a personal issue to a social problem, manifested in an increase in solitary deaths and reclusive individuals. This research sheds light on one aspect of these social phenomena through the analysis of data from a large online community.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.165-184
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• 2023

Recently, Deep learning analysis of unstructured text data using language models, such as Google's BERT and OpenAI's GPT has shown remarkable results in various applications. Most language models are used to learn generalized linguistic information from pre-training data and then update their weights for downstream tasks through a fine-tuning process. However, some concerns have been raised that privacy may be violated in the process of using these language models, i.e., data privacy may be violated when data owner provides large amounts of data to the model owner to perform fine-tuning of the language model. Conversely, when the model owner discloses the entire model to the data owner, the structure and weights of the model are disclosed, which may violate the privacy of the model. The concept of offsite tuning has been recently proposed to perform fine-tuning of language models while protecting privacy in such situations. But the study has a limitation that it does not provide a concrete way to apply the proposed methodology to text classification models. In this study, we propose a concrete method to apply offsite tuning with an additional classifier to protect the privacy of the model and data when performing multi-classification fine-tuning on Korean documents. To evaluate the performance of the proposed methodology, we conducted experiments on about 200,000 Korean documents from five major fields, ICT, electrical, electronic, mechanical, and medical, provided by AIHub, and found that the proposed plug-in model outperforms the zero-shot model and the offsite model in terms of classification accuracy.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.45-67
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• 2021

As the transaction volume of the C2C second-hand market is growing, the number of frauds, which intend to earn unfair gains by sending products different from specified ones or not sending them to buyers, is also increasing. This study explores the model that can identify frauds in the online C2C second-hand market by examining the postings for transactions. For this goal, this study collected 145,536 field data from actual C2C second-hand market. Then, the model is built with the characteristics from postings such as the topic and the linguistic characteristics of the product description, and the characteristics of products, postings, sellers, and transactions. The constructed model is then trained by the machine learning algorithm XGBoost. The final analysis results show that fraudulent postings have less information, which is also less specific, fewer nouns and images, a higher ratio of the number and white space, and a shorter length than genuine postings do. Also, while the genuine postings are focused on the product information for nouns, delivery information for verbs, and actions for adjectives, the fraudulent postings did not show those characteristics. This study shows that the various features can be extracted from postings written in C2C second-hand transactions and be used to construct an effective model for frauds. The proposed model can be also considered and applied for the other C2C platforms. Overall, the model proposed in this study can be expected to have positive effects on suppressing and preventing fraudulent behavior in online C2C markets.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.45-68
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• 2021

As the influence of online reviews on consumer decision-making increases, concerns about review manipulation are also increasing. Fake reviews or review manipulations are emerging as an important problem by posting untrue reviews in order to increase sales volume, causing the consumer's reverse choice, and acting at a high cost to the society as a whole. Most of the related prior studies have focused on predicting review manipulation through data mining methods, and research from a consumer perspective is insufficient. However, since the possibility of manipulation of reviews perceived by consumers can affect the usefulness of reviews, it can provide important implications for online word-of-mouth management regardless of whether it is false or not. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed whether there is a difference between the review evaluated by the consumer as being manipulated and the general review, and verified whether the manipulated review negatively affects the review usefulness. For empirical analysis, 34,711 online book reviews on the LibraryThing website were analyzed using multilevel logistic regression analysis and Poisson regression analysis. As a result of the analysis, it was found that there were differences in product level, reviewer level, and review level factors between reviews that consumers perceived as being manipulated and reviews that were not. In addition, manipulated reviews have been shown to negatively affect review usefulness.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.379-393
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• 2007

The purpose of this article is to analyze the conceptual change of nine 11th graders after implementing the model-based instruction of blood circulation by multidimensional framework, and to find some implications about teaching strategies for improving conceptual understanding. The model-based instruction consisted of 4 periods: (1) introduction for inducing students' interests using an episode in the science history of blood circulation, (2) vivisectional experiment on rats, (3) visual-linguistic model instruction using the videotape of heartbeat, and (4) modeling activity on the path of blood flow. Based on the data from pre-test, post-test and interviews, we classified students' models on the path of blood flow, and investigated their ontological features and the conceptual status of blood circulation. Most students could describe the path of blood flow and the changes of substances in blood precisely after the instructions. However, the modeling activity were not sufficient to improve students' understanding of the mechanisms of the blood distribution throughout various organs and the material exchanges between blood and tissues. From the interview of 9 students, we acquired informative results about conceptual status elements that were helpful to, preventing from, or not used for students' understanding. It was also found that conceptual status of students depended on the ontological categories into which students' conceptions of blood circulation fell. The results of this study can help design the effective teaching strategy for the understanding of concept of the equilibrium category.