• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.182-190
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• 2021

Computational simulations of turbulent flows around a model ship have been performed to investigate an influence of TVD schemes on the accuracy of advective terms associated with ship resistances. Several TVD schemes including upwind, second-order upwind, vanLeer, and QUICK as well as a nonTVD linear scheme were studied by examining temporal and spatial characteristics of accuracy transition in adjacent cells to the hull. Even though vanLeer scheme was the most accurate among TVD schemes in both structured and unstructured grid systems, the ratio of accuracy switch from 2^nd order to 1^st order in vanLeer scheme was considerable compared with the 2^nd order linear scheme. Also, the accuracy transition was observed to be overally scattered in the unstructured grid while the accuracy transition in the structured grid appeared relatively clustered. It concluded that TVD schemes had to be carefully used in computational simulations of turbulent flows around a model ship due to the loss of accuracy despite its attraction of numerical stability.

• Journal of Advanced Research in Ocean Engineering
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.193-203
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• 2017

This study investigated the steady-flow effects present in the numerical computation of the resistance added to a ship in waves. For a ship advancing in the forward direction, a time-domain 3D Rankine panel method is applied to solve the ship motion problem, and the added resistance due to waves is calculated using a near-field method, with the direct integration of the second-order pressure on the hull surface. In the linear potential theory, the steady flow is approximated by the basis potential of a uniform flow or double-body flow in order to linearize the boundary conditions. By applying these two different linearization schemes, the coupling effects between steady and unsteady solutions were examined. Furthermore, in order to analyze the steady-flow effects on the hull geometry, the computation results for two realistic hull forms, a KVLCC2 tanker and DTC containership, were compared. In particular, the mj term, which represents the coupling effects under the body boundary condition, was evaluated considering the geometry of a non-wall-sided ship. Lastly, the characteristics of the linearization schemes were examined in relation to the disturbed waves around a ship and the components of added resistance.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.70-81
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• 1999

To predict the viscous boundary layers and wakes around a ship, the CFD techniques are commonly used. For the efficient application of CFD tools to practical hull farms, a 3-D field grid generating system is developed. The present grid generating system utilizes the solution of Poisson equation. Sorenson's method developed for 2-D is extended into 3-D to provide the forcing functions controling grid interval and orthogonality on hull surface, etc. The weighting function scheme is used for the discretization of the Poisson equation and the linear equations are solved by using MSIP salver. The trans-finite interpolation is also employed to assure the smooth transition into boundary surface grids. To rove the applicability, the field grid systems around a container ship and a VLCC with bow and stem bulb are illustrated, and the procedures for generating 3-D field grid system are explained.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.426-433
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• 2016

This paper investigates the effects of operating conditions of an air classifier mill (ACM) on the particle sizes of PVC and rice hull. Based on the Box-Behnken matrix, the pulverization experiments were performed considering three operating factors: the air flow rate, the classifier speed and the mill speed. The response surface methodology was applied to identify the effects of the operating factors on the particle size. Results show that the particle sizes are governed by the linear variations of the operating factors. As less air is supplied and the mill rotates more slowly, the powder of both PVC and rice hull becomes finer. Furthermore, the classifier speed has a significant effect on the PVC powder but almost no effect on the rice hull powder. Thus, it is found that strong interactions exist between the material characteristics of a particle and the operating conditions of the ACM.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 1983

In rough seas, actual behaviours of a ship may not be estimated by the linear strip theory, because of Nonlinearities due to the hull shape, bottom slamming and bottom and/or bow-flare slamming. In case of slamming, impulsive hydrodynamic pressure occurs on the fore body surface of the ship, resulting hull vibration called whipping, by which the ship may suffer from serious structural damages and the impact pressure, depends critically on the relative velocity at re-entry. In this paper, the Time history of impact froce at each station, the longitudinal distribution of impact force at critical time, the Time history of acceleration at F.P. and the Time history of Bending moment at midship are illustrated. That is, authors analyzed Dynamic response of container ship to be subjected slamming impact force.

• Bulletin of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 1971

Ship hulls obtained by the streamline tracing method usually have characteristically drooped keel lines at the bottom, and a flattening of these bottoms would contribute considerably in utilizing these analytically obtainable hull forms in practical usage. In this dissertation, the author deals with a study on the determination of a practical hull form by the streamline tracing method with a particular emphasis on the bottom flattening problem. Investigations are centered around the form and the terms of bottom doublet distribution. Several examples are computed by varying bottom doublet sheet systematically while the main side source distribution is kept the same. The following conclusions are obtained based on those computed results: after the strength of a bottom doublet sheet can be determined more easily and efficiently by employing the concept of a control plane. If the distance from the distributed plane of the bottom doublet sheet to the control plane is defined as the control distance, the strength of the bottom doublet sheet, the flatness of traced lines, and the increment of the beam length ratio by adding the bottom doublet sheet are all related to the control distance by linear equations near the design bottom. It is observed that a better result can be obtained by using a "line-sampling method" for ${\zeta}_K>2T/L$, and a "plane-sampling method" for ${\zeta}_K{\leq}2T/L$, provided that the check points are sampled in the range ${\xi}{\leq}0.7$.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.1-10
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• 2000

A panel method based on the raised panel approach is developed for the nonlinear ship wave problem of practical hull forms. For the validation of the present numerical scheme. the developed method is first applied to Series 60 hull for which the extensive experimental data are available. As practical applications. the developed method is applied to KRISO 3600 TEU container ship and KRISO 300K VLCC. With the primary emphasis on the nonlinear effects of the global wave pattern generated by the two commercial ships. the calculated wave patterns are compared and verified with the experiments of KRISO. It is found that the calculated results of the present method are quite satisfactory compared with the linear methods like Dawson's approach and Neumann-Kelvin solution.

• 한국기계연구소 소보
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• s.17
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• pp.157-165
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• 1987

The SWATH concept hull form which is capable of high speed navigation with small oscillatory motions in waves, was developed from the catamaran type hull forms. This paper describes how the motion of a SWATH ship in irregular waves can be reduced by regulating the stabilizing fins. The optimal regulator and LQG (Linear Quadratic Gaussian) controller for vertical plane motion have been applied for both platforming mode and contouring mode controls. The calculations of hydrodynamic coefficients and external forces are possible for defining the system equation for the design purpose of motion control. Performances of the controlled system are compared with those of original system.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1995.10a
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• pp.150-153
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• 1995

In this paper the attitude control system is developed for longitudinal motion of Foil-Catamaran in regular waves with all-movable foils which attached to fore and after part of the ship and verified the system by theoretical calculation and model-tests. The linearized equations of motion of the ship is employed to apply the linear control theories, the PID control and the LQR. The strip method was used to calculate hydrodynamic coefficients and wave exciting forces of the demi hull, and unsteady hydrodynamic forces of foils are considered by using the result of Wu(1972). About 40-60% of motions is reduced in experiments. The control system described in this paper is able to extended to 6-DOF motions or control in irregular wave with trivial modification. And it is applicable to hull shape development for better seakeeping performance and to determine the size and the position of hydrofoils for the attitude control.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.86-94
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• 2011

This paper compares frequency domain and time domain predictions from the ShipMo3D ship motion library with observed motions from model tests and sea trials. ShipMo3D evaluates hull radiation and diffraction forces using the frequency domain Green function for zero forward speed, which is a suitable approach for ships travelling at moderate speed (e.g., Froude numbers up to 0.4). Numerical predictions give generally good agreement with experiments. Frequency domain and linear time domain predictions are almost identical. Evaluation of nonlinear buoyancy and incident wave forces using the instantaneous wetted hull surface gives no improvement in numerical predictions. Consistent prediction of roll motions remains a challenge for seakeeping codes due to the associated viscous effects.