• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.109-117
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• 2001

Judging from the studies carried out by Dr. Jo, Yong Jin on the Koreans' faces, Koreans divided into two constitutions according to their facial features and heritages. The one population is the Northern lineage whose ancestor migrated from Siberia in ice age. In order to survive in cold climate, they have developed a high level of metabolic heat production. Cold adaptation for preventing heat loss results in a reduction in the facial surface area with small eyes, nose and lips. The other population is the Southern lineage who is the descent of native in Korean peninsular. They have big eyes with double edged eyelids, broad nose and thick lips. It is generally believed that both genetic and environmetal factors influence eating behaviors. Although we can't recognized their heritage that may contribute to the metabolism and eating behavior, we commonly recognize their physiological heritage acceding to their facial features. In order to investigate the relationship among the size and shape of facial feature, the eating behavior, anthropometric measurement in female college students, the eating behaviors was measured during an instant-noodle lunch eaten in a laboratory setting at the ambient temperature of $23^{\circ}C$. The anterior surface area of left eye and length of right eye were positively correlated with the difference between the peak postprandial and the meal-start core temperature. The surface area of lower lip also negatively correlated with the meal-start core temperature and meal duration. In addition, the total lips' area was positively correlated with the difference between the peak postprandial and the meal-start core temperature and negatively correlated with the meal duration. However anthropometric measurements were not related with the size of facial features.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.93-99
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• 2005

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) derived from the inner cell mass of blastocysts have the ability to renew themselves and to differentiate into cell types of all lineage. The present study was carried out to investigate whether the Wnt signaling pathway is related to maintaining self-renewal of hESCs. Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 (GSK-3) inhibitor, BIO ((2'Z,3'E)-6-Bromoindirubin-3'-oxime) was treated to Miz-hES1 line for activation of Wnt signaling pathway. BIO-nontreated hESCs (control) and BID-treated hESCs were cultured for 5 days in the modified feeder-free system. During the culture of hESCs, differences were observed in the colony morphology between 2 groups. Controls were spread outwards whereas BIO-nontreated hESCs were clumped in the center and the differentiated cells were spreading outwards in the edges. The results of stem cell specific marker staining indicated that control were differentiated in large part whereas BIO-treated hESCs maintain self-renewal in the center of the colony. The results of lineage marker staining suggested that outer cells of the hESC colony were differentiated to the neuronal progenitor cells in both control and BIO-treated hESC. These results indicate that Wnt signaling is related to self-renewal in hESCs. In addition, control group showed higher composition of apoptotic cells $(23.76\%)$ than the BID-treated group $(5.59\%)$. These results indicate that BIO is effective on antapoptosis of hESCs.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.9
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• pp.176-182
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• 2007

The natural treasure is not only a product of nature and but also a heritage we need to protect. Among natural treasures, because an animal and a plant have lives, one of them are sure to be disappeared. The natural treasure, Sok-ri mountain's Jungyeepoomsong is unique. It is the only alive tree which secure a government position. Currently the Jungyeepoomsong gets into difficulty because of natural disasters and insect attacks. In addition, it is in a critical condition of dying old since the age of the tree is over 600 years. The purpose of this paper is to investigate plans for tourism resources of the Jungyeepoomsong. Because the Jungyeepoomsong is a rare variety, it can be commercialized as a plant resource. Also, it can be used as the method of creating income for local residents. To achieve research objective, this paper proposes the plans of a lineage certification using a genetic analysis technology, a genealogical table control system utilizing purebred preservation and storytelling, a database construction between producers, sellers, and owners, a tourism event, a method of building Jungyeepoomsong's brand and preserving its value.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.12
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• pp.1266-1270
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• 2003

The advance of the immunobiology clarifies the nature of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma(NHL). In addition the proceed in the immunophenotyping renders the classification of NHL. According to the Revised European American Lymphoma(REAL) classification, classified by the etiologic factors, molecular biological characteristics, immunophenotype, cytogenetics and histologic feature, nasal T/NK-cell lymphoma(=angiocentric lymphoma) belongs to the category of peripheral T-cell and natural killer cell lymphoma. Nasal T/NK-cell lymphoma is a distinct clinicopathologic entity characterized by progressive necrotic lesions in the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, and palate. The cellular origin of this tumor has been controversial. Although most nasal T/NK-cell lymphomas are of NK-cell lineage, being CD56+, negative for surface CD3(Leu4), and unassociated with rearrangements of the T-cell receptor genes, other minor variants have been reported. This lymphoma is a rare disease and usually experienced in adult. Recently, we experienced a rare type lymphoma, nasal T/NK-cell lymphoma, in 14 years old boy. His soft mass occupied the right nasal cavity including the nasal septum and turbinate. Pathologically this nasal mass showed the infiltration into the vascular wall, illustrating angiodestructive lesion. The cellular origin was NK-cell lineage, being CD56+ and negative to CD3. Now, we report the case with a brief review of related literatures.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.273-278
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• 2010

Partial nucleotide sequences of nuclear protein-coding recombination activating gene 1 (RAG1) gene of two Abbottina and five Microphysogobio species residing in Korea were analyzed to elucidate the molecular phylogenetic position of A. springeri Banarescu and Nalbant. In RAG1 tree A. rivularis was clearly separated from the monophyletic lineage composed of A. springeri, Biwia zezera and Microphysogobio species. Within this lineage B. zezera showed sister-group relationship to the monophyletic group composed of A. springeri and five Microphysogobio species. Thus, our phylogenetic tree revealed the polyphyletic nature of two Abbottina species from Korea, which result is well congruent with the previous phyletic assumption based on osteological features. The current classification of Abbottina and Microphysogobio based on morphological criteria, such as the presence or absence of papillae on lips and size of swim bladder with or without encapsulation, does not reflect their true evolutionary history.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.89-95
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• 2003

Background: Unusually high amounts of N region addition and CDR3 length diversity were found in immunoglobulin (Ig) light chain Vk and Jk joins in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We sought to determine whether this finding is due to excessive activity of the enzyme responsible for N region addition (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase [TdT]) in B lineage cells in bone marrow or from positive antigenic selection of B cells with long CDR3 lengths. Methods: We used FACS to isolate $IgM^+/IgD^+$ B cells (predominantly naive) and $IgM^-/IgD^-$ B cells (predominantly class-switched) B cells from peripheral blood of a patient with RA known to have enrichment for long Vk CDR3s and from that of two normal controls. RT-PCR of VkIII transcripts was performed, followed by sequencing of individual cDNA clones. We analyzed the CDR3 lengths and N region additions in 97 clones. Results: There was enrichment for long CDR3 lengths (11 or 12 amino acids) in both $IgM^+/IgD^+$ and $IgM^-/IgD^-$ B cells in RA compared to B cell subsets in the normal controls. The $IgM^+/IgD^+$ B cell subset in RA was markedly enriched for N region addition and was similar to that seen in the $IgM^-/IgD^-$ subset. Conclusion: These data suggest that enrichment for N region addition and long CDR3 lengths in RA may result from unusually high or prolonged activity of TdT in bone marrow.

• ALGAE
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.157-166
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• 2018

Cryptic species complexes are increasingly recognized in phycological research, obscuring taxonomy and raising questions about factors influencing speciation. A recent exploration of kelp genetic diversity on Haida Gwaii, British Columbia revealed the existence of a new species, Saccharina druehlii, which is cryptic with Saccharina sessilis. This suggests that molecular investigations further north may be required to elucidate the taxonomy and evolutionary history of this lineage. Although, for several decades, S. sessilis was considered a single highly variable species, its taxonomy has been far from straightforward. In particular, Hedophyllum subsessile (Areschoug) Setchell is now recognized as a synonym of S. sessilis in North America, but as a growth form of Saccharina bongardiana in Far East Russia. To resolve this taxonomic confusion, we sequenced mitochondrial (CO1-5P) and nuclear (internal transcribed spacer) markers of S. sessilis populations from the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA. Interestingly, none of our sequences matched S. sessilis sensu stricto. Instead, CO1-5P sequences from populations in the central and eastern Aleutians matched exactly S. druehlii with increasing sequence divergence occurring westward. Samples from Attu, the western-most island, composed a genetic group that clearly represents Kjellman's concept of Hafgygia bongardiana f. subsessilis and is distinct enough from S. druehlii and S. sessilis to potentially constitute a distinct species. Therefore, Saccharina subsessilis comb. nov. is proposed for this entity. Our results suggest the existence of a species complex at the crown node of S. sessilis and thus further investigation of Saccharina in Alaskan waters should be conducted to reconstruct the evolutionary history of this fascinating lineage.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1585-1588
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• 2014

Background: Data regarding childhood and adolescent non Hodgkin lymphomas in Iran are limited. The aim of this study was to assess the epidemiological and histomorphological features and survival of affected patients in our center. Materials and Methods: The clinicopathologic features and outcome of 44 children and adolescents with non Hodgkin lymphoma diagnosed during 2004-2012, were investigated retrospectively. The influence of potential prognostic parameters in overall survival was investigated by log-rank test and Cox regression analysis. Results: The mean age at presentation was $13.8{\pm}6.16$ years with a male predilection (M: F=3:1). Malignant lymphoma, not otherwise specified, diffuse large cell lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma were the three most common histological types observed. The tumors were 36.4% intermediate grade, 27.3% high grade and 34.1% belonged to the malignant lymphoma not otherwise specified group. Immunohistochemistry findings were available in 39 cases. Out of these cases 33 (84.6%) had B cell lineage, 4 (10.25%) T cell lineage and 2 (5.12%) of the cases belonged to miscellaneous group. 3 year and 5 year survivals were 48% and 30% respectively and median survival was 36 months (95%CI=21.7-50.3 months). Overall survival in patients with high grade tumors was 19.5 months, in the intermediate group,79 months, and for malignant lymphomas not otherwise specified it was 33.6 months (p value=0.000). Conclusions: The survival rate for children and adolescents with non Hodgkin lymphomas at our center during 2004-2012 was at a low level.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.69-74
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• 2002

Recent evidence has suggested that trunk neural crest cell generally assumed to have equivalent differentiation potentials, demonstrate differentiation bias along the anterior/posterior axis. In amphibian and fish, neural crest cells give rise to three chromatophore types, melanophores, xantho-phores, and iridophores. Each pigment cell type has distinct characteristics but there is speculation about the cellular plasticity that exists among them. Neural crest cells migrate along specific routes, ventromedially and dorsolaterally. Neural crest cells that travel dorsolaterally are the first cells to begin migration in the axolotl and are the major contributors to the visible pigment pattern. Many factors and mechanisms that are responsible for guiding migratory neural crest cells along potential pathways or determining their fate remain unknown. A single lineage of the crest, which becomes restricted to one of the three pigment cell types, gives us the opportunity to examine the existence of neural crest stem cell populations and cellular plasticity. Study presented here showed results from recent in vitro studies designed to identify parameters influencing differentiation events of individual neural crest-derived pigment cell lineages. Melanophore production from neural crest explants originating from different levels along the anterior/posterior axis of wild type-axolotl embryos were compared and demonstrate that the differentiation of melanophores is enhanced in subpopulation of neural crest treated with forskolin. Forskolin (an adenylate cyclase activator) increases intracellular CAMP concentration and eventually activates the protein kinase-A signaling pathway. Melanophore number, melanin content, and tyrosinase activity in explants taken from the anterior-most region of the crest increased significantly in response to forskolin treatment. This study suggests implications of region specific influences and developmental regulation in the development of pigment pattern.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.111-117
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• 2009

The CHRM3 gene is a member of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor family that plays important roles in the regulation of fundamental physiological functions. The evolutionary mechanism of exon-acquisition and alternative splicing of the CHRM3 gene in relation to transposable elements (TEs) were analyzed using experimental approaches and in silico analysis. Five different transcript variants (T1, T2, T3, T3-1, and T4) derived from three distinct promoter regions (T1: L1HS, T2, T4: original, T3, T3-1: THE1C) were identified. A placenta (T1) and testis (T3 and T3-1)-dominated expression pattern appeared to be controlled by different TEs (L1HS and THE1C) that were integrated into the common ancestor genome during primate evolution. Remarkably, the T1 transcript was formed by the integration event of the human specific L1HS element. Among the 12 different brain regions, the brain stem, olfactory region, and cerebellum showed decreased expression patterns. Evolutionary analysis of splicing sites and alternative splicing suggested that the exon-acquisition event was determined by a selection and conservation mechanism. Furthermore, continuous integration events of transposable elements could produce lineage specific alternative transcripts by providing novel promoters and splicing sites. Taken together, exon-acquisition and alternative splicing events of CHRM3 genes were shown to have occurred through the continuous integration of transposable elements following conservation.