• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.635-647
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• 1995

Human polymorphonuclear leukocytes(PMN) constitute a first line of defense against all forms of injury and microbial challenge, which share a common cell lineage with macrophage. Microbial component LPS activates macrophages to produce IL-1, MIP-1${\alpha}$, -1${\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6, etc. Those cytokines have autocrine function to the macrophages, and paracrine function to other cell such as PMN and affect them to produce some biological functions. Having a responsive homogeneous cell line, HL-60, offers us the possibility of studying extensively on the function of PMN, which were not possible previously with peripheral PMN, due to the short-lived nature and difficulty of getting a purified PMN. In the present study, I performed MIP-1 receptor binding assay using HL-60 cell and human peripheral PMN. Also, in vitro antimicrobial assay was performed using differentiated or undifferentiated HL-60 cell. Differentiation was induced by treatment with 500 M of $N^6,O^2-dibutyryl$ adenosine 3'5' cyclic monophosphate(dbcAMP) (PMN-like cell), or 20ng/ml of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate(TPA) (macrophage/monocyte-like cell). Receptors for MIP-1${\alpha}$ were identified on dbcAMP-treated HL-60 as well as peripheral PMN. However, bound radioactive MIP-1${\alpha}$ on differentiated HL-60 was much higher than that of peripheral PMN, which suggest receptor number of differentiated HL-60 cell is higher than that of peripheral PMN. Although both of TPA and dbcAMP treatment significantly enhanced antimicrobial action of HL-60 cell, dbcAMP-treated cell(PMN-like HL-60) killed S.aureus more effectively in this experiment. TPA or dbcAMP treatment significantly enhanced antimicrobial action of undifferentiated HL-60 cell. MIP-1${\alpha}$ further increased enhancing effect of TPA or dbcAMP. IL-1${\alpha}$, however, increased only dbcAMP-induced enhancing effect of antimicrobial action of HL-60 cell. These results suggest that differentiated HL-60 cell could replace peripheral PMN in analysis of various biological functions of cytokines on PMN cell.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2004년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
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• pp.590-593
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• 2004

This paper presents recent trends on the on-line monitoring and diagnostic systems for oil-immersed transformers. Specially, our system on YeoSu thermal power plant is introduced for high sensitivity and accuracy of ours. It is combined with communication networks to provide an on-line remote monitoring system. Several alarm criteria are formulated to enable a superimposed monitoring system to perform decisive action. The reasons for monitoring the condition and maintaining the health of electrical apparatus were discussed. The experience at the fields and the criteria for the judgment are also discussed in detail.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2003년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
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• pp.1644-1646
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• 2003

This paper presents recent studies on the on-line insulation monitoring and diagnostic systems for transformers developed by HHI. Sufficiently high sensitivity and accuracy for practical use were achieved for the system, combined with communication networks to provide an on-line remote monitoring system. Several alarm criteria are formulated to enable a superimposed monitoring system to perform decisive action. The reasons for monitoring the condition and maintaining the health of electrical apparatus were discussed. The experience at the fields and the criteria for the judgment are also discussed in detail.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제26권3_4호
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• pp.539-547
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• 2002

Heungdukwang's(興德王) costume ordinance(834A.D.) is a very important written historical record because it reveals Tongil Shilla's(統-新羅) costume. And among the clothing pieces that appeared in Heungdukwang's(興德王) costume ordinance, from Pyosang(表裳), Naesang(內裳), we know they wore one skirt over another. But skirts appearing in visual records are wort in waist line or breast line, and when they wore skirts in breast line, there were shoulder belts or not. Also among the clothing pieces that appeared in Heungdukwang'a (興德王) costume ordinance, Yo( ) and Ban( ) seems to be connected with skirt. but it is not clear. So this study focuses on the history of wearing skirt in breast line and one skirt over another, shoulder belts of skirt, and relation among yo( ), Ban( ) and skirt. The results are as follows. First, wearing skirt in breast line is already appeared in Ancient Shilla's(新羅) clay figure, and wearing one skirt over another is also appeared in Sunhung tomb's mural painting. so it is not completely under the influence of Tang(唐). Second, the shoulder belts of skirt is for convenience of action, But, at that time, there is no shoulder belts of skirt in Tang(唐). Third, between Yo( ) and Ban( ), If Yo( ) is connected with skirt, it is a shoulder belts of skirt or waist of skirt. And Ban( ) is a ire of skirt.

• 전자공학회논문지CI
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.17-28
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• 2005

최근 컴퓨터 게임에서 지능 캐릭터는 게이머들의 흥미를 계속 유발시킬 수 있기 때문에 더욱 더 중요한 요소로 부각되고 있다. 지능 캐릭터를 구현하는 대표적인 방법으로 신경망을 사용하여 상대 캐릭터의 행동패턴과 게임 규칙을 학습하는 방법이 연구되었다. 그러나 게임의 규칙은 갑자기 변경될 수 있으며 온라인 게임과 같은 상황에서는 게이머에 따라서 행동 특성이 크게 다를 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 지능 캐릭터가 이러한 환경의 변화에 적응하는 방법으로서 개체 수준 적응 알고리즘과 개체군 수준 적응 알고리즘을 제안한다. 개체 수준 적응 알고리즘에서 각 지능 캐릭터는 자신의 게임 점수의 변화를 계속해서 관찰하면서, 최종적으로 획득한 점수들을 고려하여 환경의 변화를 판단하고, 만약 변화가 감지된 경우에는 다시 새로운 학습을 시작한다. 대용량 온라인 게임과 같이 다수의 사용자가 있는 게임에서는 지능 캐릭터들이 다양한 행동 패턴과 전략을 가지고 있는 여러 상대 캐릭터들과 대전한다. 개체군 수준 적응 알고리즘은 유전자 알고리즘을 이용하여 지능 캐릭터들의 출현을 조절하여 게임 월드내의 균형이 유지되도록 한다. 제안한 알고리즘의 성능을 평가하기 위하여 간단한 대전 액션 게임을 구현하고 그 환경 상에서 게임 규칙과 상대 캐릭터들의 행동 패턴을 변화시키면서 실험하였다. 실험 결과 지능 캐릭터는 제안한 기법을 이용하여 환경 변화에 적응할 수 있음을 보였다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제63권9호
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• pp.1171-1179
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• 2014

ISO(Independent System Operator) or TSO(Transmission System Operator) use power system analysis program to simulate contingency analysis and remedial actions to operate power system stably. Generally, power system analysis program provides automated analysis functions(or modules) to deal with wide area power system. However, because of missed contingency cases, automated contingency analysis has no practical use or has limitation. And in case of remedial action, it doesn't support automated function or takes a lot of times to study, because of simulation in manual for each cases. This paper suggests that new relation with buses and transmission line properties of power system DB used for power system analysis program to simulate automated contingency including all contingency cases needed in the field without missed cases. And it proposes automated remedial action scheme based on practical approach analysis to alleviate overloading or voltage problems. Finally it deals with automated contingency/remedial action analysis(automated scheduled outage) program which is developed by KEPCO and its performance and proposed schemes are proven by case study for real Korean power system data.

• 정보처리학회논문지B
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• 제13B권4호
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• pp.449-456
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 대전형 액션 게임을 위한 지능 캐릭터 구현에 있어서 기존 연구보다 실제적인 구현을 위하여 에너지 점수를 적용한 지능 캐릭터를 제안한다. 제안한 지능 캐릭터는 기존연구에서 사용한 상대 캐릭터의 현재 행동, 행동의 단계, 유효거리, 과거 행동 뿐 만 아니라 자신의 에너지 양을 고려하여 행동을 결정하게 된다. 에너지는 현재 온라인 게임 등에서 많이 사용하는 것으로 HP (Health Point)와 MP(Mana Point) 두 가지를 사용하였다. 에너지 점수를 적용한 지능캐릭터가 학습하는지 그리고 에너지점수를 적용했을 때 어떻게 행동하는지를 알아보기 위한 여러 가지 실험을 하였다. 실험 결과 에너지가 양이 많은 경우에는 상대방에게 피해를 크게 줄 수 있는 행동으로 대응하고 그렇지 않은 경우에는 에너지를 재충전하기 위한 행동들을 하는 것을 관찰하였다. 이런 결과로 볼 때 본 논문에서 제안한 에너지를 적용한 지능캐릭터가 잘 동작하며 에너지를 고려하여 효과적인 반응을 보임을 알 수 있다.

• 한국컴퓨터산업학회논문지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.163-170
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 대전형 액션 게임을 위한 지능 캐릭터 구현에 있어서 기존 연구보다 실제적인 구현을 위하여 에너지 개념을 적용한 지능 캐릭터를 제안한다. 제안한 지능 캐릭터는 기존연구에서 사용한 상대 캐릭터의 현재 행동, 행동의 단계, 유효거리, 과거 행동 뿐 만 아니라 자신의 에너지양을 고려하여 행동을 결정하게 된다. 에너지는 현재 온라인 게임등에서 많이 사용하는 것으로 HP (Health Point)와 MP(Mana Point) 두 가지를 사용하였다. 에너지를 적용한 지능캐릭터가 제대로 학습 하는지 그리고 에너지를 고려하여 효과적으로 대처하는 지를 알아보기 위한 여러 가지 실험을 하였다. 실험 결과 에너지가 충분한 경우에는 상대방에게 타격을 가장 많이 줄 수 있는 행동으로 대응하고 그렇지 않은 경우에는 에너지를 재충전하기 위한 행동들을 하는 것을 관찰하였다. 이런 결과로 볼 때 본 논문에서 제안한 에너지를 적용한 지능캐릭터가 잘 동작하며 에너지를 고려하여 효과적인 반응을 보임을 알 수 있다.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2018

Spool displacement of a direction control valve is the standard signal to measure the bandwidth frequency of the direction control valve. When the spool displacement signal is not available, it is suggested in this study to use the metering hydraulic line as an alternative way to measure - 90 degree phase bandwidth frequency of the hydraulic direction control valve. Dynamics of the hydraulic line is composed of inertia, capacitance, and friction effects. The effect of oil inertia is dominant in common hydraulic line dynamics and the line dynamics is close to a derivative action in a range of high frequency; such as a range of bandwidth frequency of common directional control valves. Phase difference between spool displacement and line load pressure is nearly constant as a valve close to 90 degree. If phase difference is compensated from the phase between valve input and pressure, compensated phase may be almost same as the phase of spool displacement that is a standard signal to measure phase bandwidth frequency of the directional control valve. A series of experiments were conducted to examine the possibility of using line pressure in to measure phase bandwidth frequency of a directional control valve. Phase bandwidth frequency could be measured with relatively high precision based on metering hydraulic line technique and it reveals consistent results even when valve input, oil temperature, and supply pressure change.

• 약학회지
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.422-427
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• 2005

Our previous data showed the protein isolated from Coptidis Rhizoma (CRP) had antifungal activity. In present study, we examined mode of action of the CRP and its activity against subcutaneous candidiasis due to C. albicans yeast cells. Results showed that the CRP blocked hyphal production from yeast form of C. albicans. The CRP also activated RAW 264.7 monocyte/macrophage cell line, which resulted in nitiric oxide (NO) production from the cells. This activation seemed to increase macrophage phagocytosis to destroy the invaders. Like other antimicrobial peptides, CRP was influenced by ionic strength, thus resulting in a decrease of antifungal activity. In murine model of a subcutaneous candidiasis, the sizes of infected areas of the nude mice given the CRP after subcutaneous injection of C. albicans yeast cells to the dorsal skin were $90\%$ less than those of the nude mice groups that received DPBS instead of the CRP. All data indicate that the CRP, which appeared to act like an antimicrobial peptide and to inhibit the morphological transition from blastoconidia, was effec­tive against the subcutaneous disease.