• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.39 no.8 s.265
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• pp.573-578
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• 2006

Background: Generally hernia is diagnosed with simple chest or gastrointestinal x-ray. Sometimes CT or MRI can give lots of information for the diagnosis. However, there was no study for the differentiation with using CT findings between Morgagni hernia and pleuropericardial fat. The aim of this study was to evaluate the useful CT findings for differentiating Morgagni hernia from pleuropericardial fat. Material and Method: We retrospectively analyzed CT scans of eight patients with Morgagni hernia and 20 patients with abundant pleuropericardial fat without peridiaphragmatic lesions. All CT scans were performed with coverage of the whole diaphragm in the inspiration state. We evaluated 1) the presence of the defect of the anterior diaphragm, 2) the interface between the lung and fat, 3) the angle between the chest wall and fat, 4) the continuity between the extrapleural fat and fat, 5) the presence of the vessels within fat, and 6) the presence of a thin line surrounding fat. Result: In all cases with Morgagni hernia, the defect of the anterior diaphragm was seen. The interface was well-defined, smooth, and convex to the lung. The angle with the chest wall was acute. The continuity with the extrapleural fat was not seen. In the cases with abundant pleuropericardial fat, the defect of the anterior diaphragm was seen in three (15%). The interface was usually irregular (n=10) and flat (n=17). The angle with the chest wall was variable. The continuity with the extrapleural fat, that was markedly increased in amount, was usually seen (n=16). The thin line surrounding fat was seen in four cases with Morgagni hernia, however, not seen in all cases with pleuropericardial fat. All of the above findings were statistically significant, however, vessels within fat was not significant to differentiate Morgagni hernia (n=8/8) from pleuropericardial fat (n=14/20). Conclusion: The useful CT findings of Morgagni hernia were fatty mass with sharp margin, convexity toward lung, acute angle with chest wall, and thin line surrounding hernia. Branching structure within fatty mass representing omental vessels that has been known as a characteristic finding of Morgagni hernia was not useful for differentiating Morgagni hernia from pleuropericardial fat.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.55-61
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• 2009

This paper describes a point of production(POP) system which collects and manages real-time shop floor machining information in a wafer dicing process. The system are composed of POP terminal, line controller and network. In the configuration of the system, LAN and RS485 network are used for connection with the upper management system and down stratum respectively. As a bridge between POP terminal and server, a line controller is used. The real-time information which is the base of production management are collected from information resources such as machine, product and worker. The collected information are used for the calculation of optimal cutting condition. The collection of the information includes cutting speed, spout of pure water, accumulated count of cut in process for blade and wafer defect. In order to manage machining information in wafer dicing process, production planning information is delivered to the shop floor, and production result information is collected from the shop floor, delivered to the server and used for managing production plan. From the result of the system application, production progress status, work and non-working hour analysis for each machine, and wafer defect analysis are available, and they are used for quality and productivity improvements in wafer dicing process. A case study is implemented to evaluate the performance of the system.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 1999

The use of composite restorative materials is established due to continuing improvements in the materials and restorative techniques. Composite resins are widely used for the restoration of cervical lesions because of esthetics, good physical properties and working time. There are several types of cavity design for class V composite resin filling, but inappropriate cavity form may affect bonding failure, microleakage and fracture during mastication. Cavity preparations for composite materials should be as conservative as possible. The extent of the preparation is usually determined by the size, shape, and location of the defect. The design of the cavity preparation to receive a composite restoration may vary depending on several factors. In this study, 5 types of class V cavity were prepared on each maxillary central incisor. The types are; 1) V-shape, 2) round(U) shape, 3) box form, 4) box form with incisal bevel and 5) box form with incisal bevel and grooves for axial line angles. After restoration, in order to observe the concentration of stress at bonding surfaces of teeth and restorations, developing a 2-dimensional finite element model of labiopalatal section in tooth, surrounding bone, periodontal ligament and gingiva, based on the measurements by Wheeler, loading force from direction of 45 degrees from lingual side near the incisal edge was applied. This study analysed Von Mises stress with SuperSap finite element analysis program(Algor Interactive System, Inc.). The results were as follows : 1. Stress concentration was prevalent at tooth-resin bonding surface of cervical side on each model. 2. In model 2 without line angle, stress was distributed evenly. 3. Preparing bevel eliminated stress concentration much or less at line angle. 4. Model with round-shape distributed stress concentration more evenly than box-type model with sharp line angle, therefore decreased possibility of fracture. 5. Adding grooves to line angles had no effect of decreasing stress concentration to the area.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.248-254
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• 2017

In order to secure the reliability of pathogenic microorganisms such as Cryptosporidium and Giaridia, which are chlorophilic protozoans, membrane filtration systems have been widely used in water purification process. hese integrity tests are classified into direct and indirect methods. Based on the bubble point theory, the pressure-based test in the direct method is presented in the USEPA Guidance Manual with sensitivity to detect a minimum size of pathogenic microorganisms of $3{\mu}m$ or more. Indirect methods are widely used in that they are capable of continuous operation in on-line state, but there is a very low sensitivity of damage detection compared to the direct method, and there is a limit that can not specify the damage area, so it is necessary to improve this sensitivity. In this study, we compared the LRVDIT and UCL values according to the type of membrane defect, number of fiber breaks, and initial set pressure value through the Integrity Test by Pressure Decay Test (PDT).

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 1995

The pectoralis major myocutaneous flap represents a major contribution to head and neck cancer reconstruction. Its advantages are improved viability, one-stage reconstruction, and carotid protection. The oropharyngeal defect especially tonsillar area reveals valley shaped one with loss of a wide mucosal area. Using pectoralis major myocutaneous flap to this defect is sometimes difficult due to its natural figure of bulkiness. This article reviews our experience with patients undergoing 14 pectoralis major myocutaneous flap in carcinoma of the tonsillar area. Complications and their incidences were I total loss, 3 marginal loss, 2 minor seperation of suture, I wound infection and 2 hematoma. Most of the complications did not require a second procedure for reconstruction. Bulkiness of the flap and gravity force to the upper suture line were thought to be causes of the complications. Modification of the flap design with bilobular figure was useful to reduce its bulkiness at the folding area. More stable suture around hard palate was needed to overcome seperation of the suture.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.1417-1425
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• 2014

The selection of morphologically normal spermatozoa is critical to obtain high breeding performances in boar breeding farms and artificial insemination (AI) centers. Parameters for the selection of semen mainly include total sperm motility, concentration, and morphology. However, these primary parameters are often not reliable for discriminating between normal and abnormal, non-fertilizable spermatozoa. The present study was designed to compare the motion characteristics, fertilization ability using in vitro fertilization (IVF), and acrosome formation of the semen from boars having low (boar number 2012) and normal (boar number 2004 and 2023) breeding performances. The ultimate goal was to identify additional simple and easy criteria for the selection of normal sperm. There was no significant difference between boar 2004 and boar 2023 sperm total motility in computer assisted sperm analysis. However, boar number 2012 semen presented a significantly reduced population of rapid moving spermatozoa and an increased population of slow moving spermatozoa compared to boar numbers 2004 and 2023. Analysis of detailed motion characteristics revealed that sperm from boar number 2012 had significantly reduced motility in progressiveness, average path velocity, straight-line velocity (VSL), curvilinear velocity (VCL), straightness, and linearity. The assessment of the fertilizing ability by IVF also showed that sperm from boar number 2012 showed a fertility rate of 3.4%, whereas sperm from boar number 2023 had a fertility rate of 75.45%. Interestingly, most of the sperm nuclei were found on the peripheral area of the oocytes, suggesting that the sperm from boar number 2012 lacked penetration ability into the oocyte zonapellucida. The acrosome formation analysis using Pisum sativum agglutinin staining demonstrated that the sperm from boar number 2012 had a defect in acrosome formation. Consequently, primary parameters for selecting semen before AI such as motility are not sufficient to select normal and fertilizable spermatozoa. In conclusion, the present study suggests that the acrosome staining and detailed motion characteristics such as progressiveness, VCL, and VSL should be included in determining semen quality together with primary parameters for successful AI and high breeding performance in the swine industry.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.467-471
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• 2010

Amelogenesis imperfecta, one of the dental genetic disease, is clinically and genetically complex disease. Amelogenesis imperfecta can be classified into three major categories according to clinical phenotype; hypoplastic, hypomaturation, and hypocalcification. Recently a novel gene, Fam83h, was identified to cause autosomal dominant hypocalcification amelogenesis imperfecta, however its functional role in the pathogenesis of enamel defect is not known yet. So this study was aimed to identify the knockdown effect of Fam83h gene on the amelogenin mRNA expression via shRNA transfection into immortalized ameloblast cell line. The result showed that the knockdown of Fam83h did not influence the amelogenin expression. Further study of the functional role of Fam83h gene should be performed to understand the complex nature of amelogenesis as well as molecular pathogenesis of amelogenesis imperfecta.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.163-168
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• 1974

Five cases of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia were repaired in the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, during the period from 1967 to 1974. The first case, a 14-year aid girl, was diagnosed as diaphragmatic hernia during laparotomy because of jejunal perforation 3 days after traffic accident. Herniated stomach, transverse colon, spleen and left lobe of the liver were repositioned and the diaphragmatic rupture on left posterolateral portion was repaired with two layers of nonabsorbable sutures by transthoracic approach. The second case, a 26-year old man,was diagnosed immediately after traffic accident at a local clinic and transferred to this hospital 24 hours later. Herniated stomach, transverse colon and jejunum were repositioned amd diaphragmatic rupture,about 9 cm in length,from the posterolat.edge to the base of pericardium was sutured in two layers. The third case, a 26-year old man who had stab wound on the left lower lateral chest two years ago,was admitted with sudden abdominal pain and vomiting. Upper gastrointestinal series with barium meal revealed diaphragmatic hernia. The herniated stomach and transverse colon through the defect,about 3.5cm in diameter, at anterolateral portion on the left side,were repositioned and repaired with two layers of nonabsorbable sutures. The forth case, a 26-year old man, sustained blunt trauma to the chest by a roller and was transferred to the emergency room complaining of dyspnea 40 minutes after the accident. The diaphragmatic rupture extended from left midaxillary line to contralateral anterior axillary line,about 20cm long, at anterior portion of diaphragm, which was repaired with two layers, of nonabsorbable sutures. The fifth case, a 4-year old girl, had two separate diaphragmatic ruptures on both sides, which were caused by traffic accident. Immediate upper gastrointestinal series after injury showed herniated stomach, colon and spleen into left Chest cavity. Another small rupture with anterior edge of right lobe of the liver in chest cavity was noted. These were repaired with non-absorbable sutures via thoracotomy.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.367-375
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• 2012

Midfacial reconstruction following resection of extensive malignant oral cavity tumors constitutes a challenging problems for reconstructive surgeons. Rectus abdominis muscle free flap (RAMFF) can be considered as the optimal reconstructive option in this case, because this flap has some advantages including consistent deep inferior epigastric artery anatomy, easy to dissect with well defined skin boundaries, acceptable donor site morbidity and the ability to perform simultaneous flap harvest with oral cancer ablation surgery. The rectus abdominis muscle forms an important part of the anterior abdominal wall and flexes the vertebral column, which is a long strap-like muscle divided transversely by three tendinous intersections, fibrous bands which are adherent to the anterior rectus sheath, which is thickly enclosed by the rectus sheath, except for the posterior part below the arcuate line that is usually located midway between the umbilicus and symphysis pubis. Below the arcuate line, this muscle lies in direct contact with the transversalis fascia and parietal peritoneum. For the better understanding of RAMFF as a routine reconstructive procedure in oral and maxillofacial surgery, the constant anatomical findings muse be learned and memorized by the young doctors in the course of the special curriculum periods for the Korean national board of oral and maxillofacial surgery. This review article will discuss the anatomical basis of RAMFF with Korean language.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.344-348
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• 2007

In this paper, we propose the electrode of the Patterned Vertical Aligned (PVA) cell [1] for high transmittance. We use the 'TechWiz LCD' for calculation of the director configuration and optical characteristics to ensure the results of the proposed electrode structure. In general, the transmittance of the PVA cell depends on the shape of the electrode and cell gap. In this work the width of gate line and data line of the improved electrode design is set to be equal to that of the PVA conventional. Instead, we modified the shape of the top and bottom electrode on order to decrease the area of the defect. For verification, we compared the calculated optical transmittance of the PVA cell with the proposed electrode structure to the conventional PVA cell . As a result, we can confirm that the optical loss due to the variation of the retardation the LC cell around electrode can be definitely decreased by the proposed electrode.