• Toxicological Research
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.65-74
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• 2019

Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) is a major metabolite of curcumin, which is obtained from Curcuma longa. THC has various benefits and overcomes the bioavailability issue of curcumin. To establish it as a pharmacologically active molecule, its safety profile has to be determined. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the preclinical safety profile of THC in a 90-day subchronic and reproductive/developmental toxicity study in Wistar rats. THC at oral doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg was administered daily for 90 days. Rats in the recovery group were kept for 14 days after treatment termination. The animals were observed for treatment-related morbidity, mortality, and changes in clinical signs, clinical pathology, and histopathology. In the reproductive/developmental toxicity study, THC at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg was administered orally to rats and the reproductive/developmental parameters in adult male and female rats and pups were observed. THC at up to 400 mg/kg/day of did not have any significant effect on all parameters in male and female rats in both toxicity studies. Thus, 400 mg/kg/day can be considered as the no-observed-adverse-effect-level of THC in rats.

• 한국환경독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경독성학회 1996년도 제19회정기학술대회(The 19th Symposium of the Korean Society of Environmental Toxicology)
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• pp.25-41
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• 1996

KWON, O. S. SCHMUED, L. C. and LSIKKER, W. JR. Neurotoxiciligy. objectives of this study were to test the hypothesis that fumonisin $B_1$ ($FB_1$) alters sphinganine (Sa) levels and myelin synthesis in the central nervous system of developing rats. $FB_1$ (subcutaneous, 0. 4 or 0. 8 mg/kg/day) from postnatal days (PND) 3 to PND 12 resulted in a significantly increased in the brain of rats given 0. 8 mg $FB_1$/kg/day. To confirm the effect of limited nutrition on changes in the Sa levels and myelinogenesis, rats given 0.8mg $FB_1$/kg/day or treated by limited nutrition (temporary removal from dam during postnatal period) were compared to those in saline controls. Sa levels and Sa/So ratios were compared to those in saline in the 0.8 $FB_1$-treated, 3'-phosphohydrolase (CNP) activities were decreased significantly in both nutritionally limited and $FB_1$-exposed rats. These data indicate that sphingolipid metabolism in the central nervous system of develiping rats is vulnerable to $FB_1$ exposure. The hypomyelination associated with $FB_1$-treatment may be mediated by limited nutrition.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.58-68
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• 1995

The Purpose of this study is to survey nutrition education for day-care teachers and children. For this study, 453 day-care teachers were asked questionnaire and responses were analyzed. Textbooks of the teachers were also analyzed and nutrition survey at four different places of day care were carried out. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The majority of the day-care teachers were interested in the nutrition and nutrition education, but only 23.2% of the teachers had experience of nutrition education. 2. As to the nutrition knowledge(high, middle, and low), 58.1% of the teachers responded to the middle level. 3. About 81% of the text materials for the pre-teachers contain subject of the health and nutrition management for the children, however, the contents of nutrition management were limited to 7 pages(0.6% of the volume). For the text materials of the re-education, only 9.1% contains the subject, and the contents of nutrition management were limited to 3% of the volume. 4. The percentage of employing dietitians in the day-care is 12.4%, and menu is prepared mostly by the director of the day care. 5. In the nutrition survey, nutrient intake was mostly unsatisfied.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.183-191
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• 2017

Background: Current therapy for the treatment of neuropathic pain is often unsatisfactory. Considerable variation in treatment pattern still exists in spite of availability of sufficient literature from various guidelines. Recent Indian market data suggested that the utilization (sale) of drugs such as amitriptyline, pregabalin, and gabapentin was more for low-dose unit packs than that of the high-dose unit packs, raising the belief that these drugs are prescribed at a lower dose than is actually recommended in the guidelines. To test this hypothesis, a survey was conducted across speciality throughout the country to observe the prescription pattern of these drugs amongst the health care providers in India. Methods: Three hundred fifty survey forms were distributed of which 281 forms were included for analysis. Results: It was observed that the commonly used initiation and maintenance dose for amitriptyline, pregabalin, and gabapentin was 5-10 mg/day, 50-75 mg/day, and 100-300 mg/day, respectively. The reason to select the lower dosages was to have a balancing effect to achieve good efficacy with minimum side effects. Care-givers reported no side effects/not many side effects as a reason in 22.2%, 16.88%, and 23.86% patients with amitriptyline, pregabalin, and gabapentin, respectively. Sedation and giddiness were commonly reported with all three drugs. Conclusions: Commonly prescribed drugs for management of neuropathic pain, such as amitriptyline, pregabalin, and gabapentin are preferred at lower doses in Indian clinical settings. Acceptable efficacy and low tolerance to the standard dosage is believed to be the reason behind the prescribed dose.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.185-191
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• 1996

A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of skip-a-day feeding program in early growing stage of male broiler chicks on the compensatory growth, and development of visceral organs during the later realimentation period. Day-old 328 male broiler chickens( Avian x Avian) were divided into control(ad libitum feeding) and skip-a-day feeding(limited feeding) treatments. Each treatment was consisted of 4 pens( replicates) of 41 birds each. Chickens on the skip-a-day program were fasted every other day during the second wk of age(8~15 d of age). During the starter period(0~4 wk), chickens were fed a commercial crumble diet. A commercial pellet diet was fed to chickens during the finishing period( 5~8 wk). Chickens were group-weighed every week, and one bird was selected from each pen to measure carcass characteristics. The skip-a-day program delayed the growth rate of male broilers up to 4 wk of age(P

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.212-219
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• 2016

동해 남서해역과 같이 용존 무기 질소(dissolved inorganic nitrogen; DIN)가 제한된 환경에서 우점 규조류 Chaetoceros debilis와 Leptocylindrus danicus의 용존 유기 질소(dissolved organic nitrogen; DON)의 이용성을 정량적으로 평가하였다. 질소원으로 DIN은 질산염과 암모늄, DON은 동해에서 중요한 비율을 차지하는 글리신(glycine)과 요소(urea)에 관하여 각각 평가하였다. Monod 식으로부터 유도한 C. debilis의 최대생장속도(${\mu}_{max}$)와 반포화상수(Ks)는 질산염에서 $1.50day^{-1}$와 $1.62{\mu}M$, 암모늄에서 $1.13day^{-1}$와 $6.97{\mu}M$, 글리신 $1.46day^{-1}$와 $3.36{\mu}M$, 요소 $0.93day^{-1}$와 $0.55{\mu}M$으로 나타났다. 또한 L. danicus는 질산염에서 $1.55day^{-1}$와 $5.21{\mu}M$, 암모늄에서 $1.57day^{-1}$와 $4.57{\mu}M$, 글리신 $1.47day^{-1}$와 $3.80{\mu}M$, 요소 $1.42day^{-1}$와 $1.94{\mu}M$이었다. 두 종 모두 요소에서 용존 무기 질소보다 상대적으로 높은 친화성이 확인되었으며, 이러한 높은 친화성은 DIN 제한된 상태에서 C. debilis와 L. danicus이 생장을 유지하기 위해 요소를 이용할 것으로 판단되어진다. 따라서 동해 남서해역과 같이 DIN이 제한된 해역의 경우, DON의 효율적인 이용이 식물플랑크톤의 우점화 전략에서 중요한 요인 중 하나로 생각된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.369-373
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• 1998

대전을지병원 흉부외과에서는 1994년 1월부터 1997년 7월까지 자연성 기흉에서 비디오흉강경을 이용한 기포제거술 61례와 개흉술을 이용한 기포제거술 42례를 후향적으로 비교분석하여 두 집단사이에 수술시간은 개흉술이 98.3$\pm$38.4분, 비디오흉강경술이 95.7$\pm$31.5분으로 비슷하였으나 술후 재원기간은 개흉술에서 8.0$\pm$3.9일, 비디오흉강경에서 5.9$\pm$2.4일(P=0.001)이었으며, 술후 흉관삽관기간은 개흉술에서 5.8$\pm$3.0일, 비디오흉강경술에서 4.0$\pm$2.0일(P=0.0006)으로 의미가 있었으며, 합병증 발생에서는 비디오흉강경을 이용한 기포제거술에서 7일 이상 공기누출이 4례, 개흉술에서 8례로 만족할만한 결과를 얻었다.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2014

Purpose - The study is primarily aimed at framing "Position Descriptions" for some key positions in the executive cadre of the testing department of CESC Limited. Research design, data, and methodology - The questionnaire, interview, and observation methods have been used for the purpose of data collection. The position descriptions are validated by superiors belonging to the respective departments. Results - It has been found that there is overlapping of job duties and job responsibilities in the department. This overlapping is quite alarming for the organization and may even become a hurdle in the path of its progress. It can be seen as a classic case of de-layering. Conclusions - The study concludes that good communication along with interpersonal and negotiation skills are absolutely essential to facilitate the performance of the day-to-day duties of a job, including handling the union, solving IR related issues, development of the subordinates, job setting, distribution and allocation, etc. Position descriptions will help in the alignment of the employee direction, and can be a useful tool to aid the communication between management and employees.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.110-120
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• 2009

Mimicking fetal nutrition is the goal of early paretneral nutrition (PN) in very low birth weight infants, however the limited metabolic capacity of immature organs raises concern about the toxicity of metabolites to the developing brain. Starting parenteral amino acids from the first day of life, with a rate of 1.0 to 1.5 g/kg/day, is generally recommended to prevent endogenous protein breakdown by maintaining a positive nitrogen balance. A greater of amino acid infusion rate in the range of the fetal transfer rate (3.5-4.0 g/kg/day) is well tolerated during the early days after birth in VLBWI, however the influence on growth and long-term neurodevelopmental outcome remains unknown. Limited data are available from controlled trials regarding the effects of early supplementation with lipid emulsions on neonatal morbidity. Considering the role of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the neurodevelopment, the choice of an optimal lipid emulsion should be based on the quality as well as the quantity of the lipid contents. Little is known about the clinical benefit of higher rates of glucose infusion by permitting high serum glucose level or co-administration with insulin.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.363-368
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• 1998

Taurine is only supplied to the infants from the breast-fed or formula milks because the enzyme activities of taurine biosynthesis are limited in early stages of infants . The objectives of present study were to quantitate the contents of tarurine in human milk and to estimate the intake of taurine by breast-fed infants during early period of lactation. Thirty -three lactating women, volunteered and delivered in R hospital in Serou. were recruited. Milk samples were collected every day at B1-B5 day(from 1 to 5 day dafter start of milk secretion), 15th and 30th day postpartum. Taurine contents were determined by HPLC equipped with RF-detector. The intake of taurine by infants was estimated by multiplization with the infant milk intake reported in our laboratory. The content of taurine was 406$\pm$174nmol/ml at B1-B5 day, and then gradually decreased to 359$\pm$125nmol/ml at 15th day and to 304$\pm$94nmol/ml at 30th day postpartum. The estimated intake of taurine was almost same as 24-25mg/day at B1-B5 day, and 15th , 30th days postpartum . This results was due to the increase of the intake of milk by infants.