• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.328-334
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• 2022

BACKGROUND: The low temperature at flowering period break the balance between vegetative and reproductive growth of apple tree. Summer pruning has been used to control vegetative growth. So, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of summer pruning time on shoot growth and fruit quality of 'Fuji'/M.9 apple trees damaged by the low temperature at flowering period. METHODS AND RESULTS: The following treatments were applied to tree : a) control (no summer pruning), b) pruned 26 June, c) pruned 30 July, d) pruned 28 August, and e) pruned 26 September. The summer pruning significantly increased light penetration and fruit red color by reducing the total shoot growth compared with control. And the summer pruning control the outbreak of apple valsa canker. But the summer pruning at the end of June increased regrowth of shoot and pruning weight compared with the summer pruning at the end of August. The summer pruning at 30 July had the highest fruit weight, but return bloom was the highest in the summer pruning at 28 August. CONCLUSION(S): These results indicated the optimum summer pruning time of 'Fuji'/M.9 apple trees damaged by the low temperature at flowering period were the end of August.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.475-498
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• 2024

The prediction of the susceptibility of soil to liquefaction using a limited set of parameters, particularly when dealing with highly unbalanced databases is a challenging problem. The current study focuses on different ensemble learning classification algorithms using highly unbalanced databases of results from in-situ tests; standard penetration test (SPT), shear wave velocity (V_s) test, and cone penetration test (CPT). The input parameters for these datasets consist of earthquake intensity parameters, strong ground motion parameters, and in-situ soil testing parameters. liquefaction index serving as the binary output parameter. After a rigorous comparison with existing literature, extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), bagging, and random forest (RF) emerge as the most efficient models for liquefaction instance classification across different datasets. Notably, for SPT and V_s-based models, XGBoost exhibits superior performance, followed by Light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) and Bagging, while for CPT-based models, Bagging ranks highest, followed by Gradient boosting and random forest, with CPT-based models demonstrating lower G_mean(error), rendering them preferable for soil liquefaction susceptibility prediction. Key parameters influencing model performance include internal friction angle of soil (ϕ) and percentage of fines less than 75 µ (F₇₅) for SPT and V_s data and normalized average cone tip resistance (q_c) and peak horizontal ground acceleration (a_max) for CPT data. It was also observed that the addition of V_s measurement to SPT data increased the efficiency of the prediction in comparison to only SPT data. Furthermore, to enhance usability, a graphical user interface (GUI) for seamless classification operations based on provided input parameters was proposed.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.182-190
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• 2005

The propagation of light radiation within tissues is an important problem that confronts the dosimetry of therapeutic laser delivery and the development of diagnostic spectroscopy. In the clinical application of photodynamic therapy(PDT) and in photobiology, the photon deposition within a tissue determines the spatial distribution of photochemical reactions. Scattered light is measured as a function of the distance (r) between the axis of the incident beam and the detection spot. Consequently, knowledge of the photosensitizer(Chlorophyll-a) function that characterizes a phantom is important. To obtain the results of scattering coefficients(${\mu}s$) of a turbid material from diffusion described by experimental approach. It was measured the energy fluency of photon radiation at the position of penetration depth. From fluorescence experimental method obtained the analytical expression for the scattered light as the values of $(I\;/I_o)_{wavelength}$ vs the distance between the center of the incident beam and optical fiber in terms of the condition of "in situ spectroscopy(optically thick)" and real time by fluorometric measurements.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1980년도 학술대회지
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• pp.39-47
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• 1980

The harvesting and export of Canadian ginseng from the cool, shady hardwood forests of southern Canada can be traced to 1796. Because of its high dollar value and diminishing woodland supplies it was decided in 1896 that it should be cultivated under wood lath screens. Present day economics dictate changes in production techniques to allow for a decreasing supply of expensive labour. Traditional wooden lath screens have a surface area of wood of 70 per cent and permit light penetration of only about 18 per cent. Experimental woven black polypropylene shade has an estimated surface area of 72 per cent and permits light pentration of about 28 per cent. While differences in air and leaf temperatures under the two shade structures can be measured it is doubtful if these are great enough to cause differences in plant growth under the two structures. Shade grown ginseng had a low fresh and dry weight and total chlorophyll content (ratio of a to b was 3 to 1) comparable to other shade species. There was no differences in fresh and dry weight and chlorophyll content of leaves from plants grown under the two shade structures. Maximum net photosynthesis of leaves was 0.175 g $CO_2\;m^{-2}\;hr^{-1}$ and light saturation level was about $200{\mu}E\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1},$ or about 10 per cent of full sunlight.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.119-125
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• 1987

동경만입구에서 대도에 이르는 해역에서의 해수의 광학적 성질을 조사하기 위하여, 1985년 6월에 6개 관측점에서 투명도, 수색, 태양고도, 태양광의 8가지 파장 (378, 422, 481, 513, 570, 621, 653, 677 nm)에 대한 해수의 표면조도 및 수심별 수중조도 등을 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 본 조사 해역의 투명도는 $12.9m\;(7.2\~18m)$ 였고, 수색은 $6.8\;(5\~10)$였다. 2. 해수의 평균소산계수는 $0.166\;(0.061\~0.644)$였고, 파장별로는 481nm가 0.097, 513nm가 0.099, 422nm가 0.105, 378nm가 0.121, 570nm가 0.138, 621 및 677nm가 0.253, 653nm가 0.258순으로 크게 나타났으며 파장에 따른 차이가 뚜렷했다. 3. 해수의 소산계수 K와 투명도 D와의 관계는 $K=2.87/D\;(1.06/D\~5.48/D)$였다. 4. 태양고도는 $70.79^{\circ}(57.44^{\circ}\~78.42^{\circ})$로 나타났다. 5. 태양광선의 표면광에 대한 평균해중투과율은 수심 1m층에서 $77.93\%$, 5m층에서 $35.46\%$, 10m층에서 $18.71\%$, 20m층에서 $7.00\%$로 나타났다. 6. 투명도층에서의 태양광의 해중투과율은 표면광의 $13.2\%(0.42\~34.78\%)$였고, 파장별로는 677nm가 $0.78\%$, 653nm가 $0.94\%$, 621nm가 $1.30\%$, 570nm가 $10.50\%$, 378nm가 $17.98\%$, 422nm가 $22.69\%$, 513m가 $23.78\%$, 481nm가 $26.14\%$ 순으로 많게 나타났으며 파장에 따른 차이가 많았다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.234-240
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• 1986

일본 동경만내에서의 해수의 광학적 성질을 조사하기 위하여, 1985년 4월에 동경만내의 6개 관측점에서 투명도, 수색, 태양고도, 태양광의 8가지 파장(378, 422, 481, 513, 570, 621, 653, 677 nm)에 대한 해수의 표면조도 및 수중조도 등을 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 본 조사해역의 투명도는 5.0m ($2.5{\sim}6.5m$)였고, 수색은 10.2 ($8{\sim}14$)였다. 2. 해수의 평균소산계수는 0.335 ($0.081{\sim}0.862$)였고, 파장별로는 677nm가 0.464, 653nm가 0.425, 621nm가 0.356, 422nm가 0.354, 570nm가 0.284, 481nm가 0.274, 378nm가 0.268, 513nm가 0.256순으로 작게 나타났다. 3. 해수의 소산계수 K와 투명도 D와의 관계는 K=2.22/D ($1.3/D{\sim}3.54/D$)였다. 4. 태양고도는 $53.62^{\circ}$ ($38.54^{\circ}{\sim}66.23^{\circ}$)로 나타났다. 5. 태양광선의 표면광에 대한 평균해중투과율은 수심 1m 층에서 $62.72\%$, 5m 층에서 $11.91\%$, 10m 층에서 $2.64\%$, 20m 층에서 $0.50\%$로 나타났다. 6. 투명도층에서의 태양광선의 해중투과율은 표면광의 $12.51\%$ ($2.91{\sim}27.25\%$)였고, 677nm의 광이 $5.97\%$로서 가장 적었으며 570nm의 광이 $20.22\%$로서 가장 많았다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.258-263
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• 2007

'후지'/M.9에 대한 세장방추형에 적합한 하단측지수 구성을 위하여 하단측지수를 달리하여 수체생육, 광환경, 수량 및 과실품질을 조사하였다. 하단측지수준별 생육은 하단측지수를 5개로 유지했을 때 수폭은 넓었고, 신초장 및 정단신초장은 증가하였다. 수관위치별 수광률은 하단측지수가 5개인 처리구에서 수관상부(지상 150cm)와 수관중부(지상 100cm)에서는 높은 경향을 보였다. 총 단과지 화아수는 측지수에 따라 차이가 없었으나, 수관위치별로 보면 수관하부(지상 120cm 이하)에서 하단측지수가 5개 처리에서 가장 많았으며, 화아의 횡경도 커지는 경향이었다. 과실수량은 하단측지수가 5개에서 가장 많았고, 과중은 하단측지수가 5개와 8개에서 증가하는 경향이었다. 과실특성은 과형지수, 경도, 산함량, Hunter L, b값은 수관위치와 측지수준에 따라 차이가 없었으나, 가용성고형물 함량은 하단측지수가 5개일 때 높았다. 과실의 착색도를 나타내는 Hunter a값은 수광률이 가장 높은 하단측지수를 5개로 유지한 처리구에서 가장 높게 나타났다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.385-396
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• 2011

연구목적: 본 연구는 치근벽의 전처리 개념과 접착제의 중합방법이 레진계 근관충전제의 치근단 밀폐능에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 3가지 다른 접착변수를 조합하여 충전한 Resilon-RealSeal 시스템의 근단미세누출을 색소침투법을 이용하여 통상의 가타퍼쳐 충전과 비교하였다. 실험군은 자가부식형 RealSeal primer와 이중중합형 RealSeal sealer를 이용하여 Resilon 충전한 SEDC군, 산부식없이 Scotchbond Multi-Purpose primer를 적용한 후 접착제는 광중합하고 Resilon을 충전한 NELC군, 및 Scotchbond Multi-Purpose의 접착강화제와 접착제를 total etch/wet bonding과 광중합의 술식을 정확하게 지켜서 Resilon을 충전한 TELC군으로 구분하였다. 대조군(GPCS)에서는 통상의 AH26 plus sealer를 사용하여 가타퍼쳐를 충전 하였다. 결과: 치아장축방향의 색소침투는 TELC군에서 GPCS군과 SEDC군에 비해 유의하게 작았다(Kruskal-Wallis test, p < 0.05). 횡단면의 미세누출 점수도 TELC군이 근첨으로부터 2 - 5 mm의 범위에서 다른 군에 비해 유의하게 낮았다(Kruskal-Wallis test, p < 0.05). 결론: 레진계 근관충전제를 사용 시에는, 자가부식형 전처리제와 이중중합형 sealer보다는, total etch/wet bonding 개념과 적절한 광중합을 도모하는 전처리제 및 접착제의 사용이 치근단 미세누출을 감소시키므로 추천된다.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.3101-3101
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• 2001

Near Infrared spectroscopy (NIR) used on human skin measurement was explored in the past decade. Many publications in different journals and magazines discussed the feasibility of the NIR technique for cosmetic product property studies. Based upon the results of pioneers, we have pursued some work of the NIR instrument coupled with a probe module for skin measurement in vivo and vitro. In part I of this paper, the specific Near Infrared spectroscopy instrument stability, human subject conditions and other parameters, which could affect the measurements reproducibility are discussed. Second derivative NIR spectra and Principle Components Analysis (PCA) are utilised for data interpretation. In part II of this paper, the relationship of human skin moisture and ageing, the gender information and finally, the discovery of penetration depth of NIR incident light on skin are reported. A theoretical penetration depth calculation equation is proposed. In part III, the study results of a couple of commercial skin care products effect will be described. The skin lotions were applied on human skin (in vivo) in order to exam the NIR feasibility to monitor the changes of moisture level. The results are consistently positive. From our primary study, it can conclude that the NIR is potentially a very powerful instrument for skin condition diagnostics, either for cosmetic and/or for medication purposes.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1997년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.379-382
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• 1997

A method for measuring optical properties of biological medium was investigated by using the frequency domain spectroscopy. When amplitude-modulated light with the frequency of several tens up to several hundred MHz propagates through a scattering medium, the phase lag and the amplitude reduction occur. The phase lag depends on the average of optical path lengths. The amplitude reduction with respect to the radial distance is influenced by the penetration depth. The mean of optical path length and penetration depth are related to optical coefficients. The phase lag and the amplitude reduction were measured based on the heterodyne detection method. The experimental data were fitted with the theoretical curves derived from diffusion theory and the absorption and scattering coefficients were calculated.