• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권11호
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• pp.1511-1517
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• 2013

This study was performed to estimate the effect of age at first calving and first two calving intervals on productive life and life time profit in Korean Holsteins. Reproduction data of Korean Holsteins born from 1998 to 2004 and lactation data from 276,573 cows with birth and last dry date that calved between 2000 and 2010 were used for the analysis. Lifetime profit increased with the days of life span. Regression of Life Span on Lifetime profit indicated that there was an increase of 3,800 Won (approximately $3.45) of lifetime profit per day increase in life span. This is evidence that care of each cow is necessary to improve net return and important for farms maintaining profitable cows. The estimates of heritability of age at first calving, first two calving intervals, days in milk for lifetime, lifespan, milk income and lifetime profit were 0.111, 0.088, 0.142, 0.140, 0.143, 0.123, and 0.102, respectively. The low heritabilities indicated that the productive life and economical traits include reproductive and productive characteristics. Age at first calving and interval between first and second calving had negative genetic correlation with lifetime profit (-0.080 and -0.265, respectively). Reducing age at first calving and first calving interval had a positive effect on lifetime profit. Lifetime profit increased to approximately 2,600,000 (2,363.6) from 800,000 Won ($727.3) when age at first calving decreased to (22.3 month) from (32.8 month). Results suggested that reproductive traits such as age at first calving and calving interval might affect various economical traits and consequently influenced productive life and profitability of cows. In conclusion, regard of the age at first calving must be taken with the optimum age at first calving for maximum lifetime profit being 22.5 to 23.5 months. Moreover, considering the negative genetic correlation of first calving interval with lifetime profit, it should be reduced against the present trend of increase.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.343-349
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• 2013

농협젖소개량사업소가 1983년부터 2011년까지 산유능력검정 사업을 통해 수집한 438,019두의 산유능력검정자료 1,372,050개의 기록과 유대수입과 수익자료를 개체별로 산정하여 젖소의 초기의 생산수준이 수익에 영향하는 효과를 조사하였다. 초기 (1산과 2산)의 산유능력의 중간 그룹에 해당하는 개체들이 가장 축군내에 오래 머무는 것으로 나타났다. 1산 기준에서는 9,000 kg 이상의 그룹들은 전체 산차 평균 3.13 보다 낮게 나타났으며, 생애착유일에서는 7,000 kg 이하의 그룹과 10,000 kg 이상의 고능력우 그룹에서 평균 1,076.8일 보다 낮게 나타났다. 수명관련 형질에서의 변이를 나타내는 표준편차는 생산수준이 높을수록 적게 나타나고 있다. 2산 기준에서는 11,000 kg 이상의 고능력우들이 전체 평균 3.43산 보다 낮게 나타났다. 착유일수는 12,000 kg 이상 그룹에서 각각 1,212.0일로 가장 높았고, 대체적으로 생산수준과 비례하여 저능력우들이 착유일 수가 낮게 나타났다. 초기 (1산과 2산)의 생산수준에 따른 순수익은 생산수준이 높아짐에 따라 모두 증가하고 있다. 낮은 생산수준에서는 2산보다 1산이 오히려 수익을 더 많이 내는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 높은 단계에서는 순수익이 역전되어 2산에서 높은 수익을 얻고 있다. 이러한 결과들로 미루어 볼 때 생산수준이 낮은 개체들이 생산 능력의 수준에 기인하는 것 보다는 번식 또는 기타 관리의 문제로 도태의 위험에 많이 노출되는 것으로 판단된다. 또한 1산 보다 2산에서 산유량 측정에 의한 개체의 평가가 정확성에서 보다 낮을 확률이 높게 나타내어, 생산수준에 의한 수익의 예측은 2산에서 하는 것이 바람직하다. 1산의 경우는 도태를 하는 것은 바람직하지 않지만, 부득이 도태가 필요하면 제한적으로 7,000 kg 이하의 그룹에 속한 개체들을 도태하여야 한다. 결론적으로 수익함수에 포함되는 모든 요소들에 대하여 개량목표에 반영하여야 하나, 생산수준을 활용, 제한적으로 생애수익을 늘릴 수 있도록 하는 데에 이용 될 수 있다.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국경영과학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.187-190
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• 2003

Since the early 1980s, the concept of relationship management in marketing area has gained its importance. Acquiring and retaining the most profitable customers are serious concerns of a company to perform more targeted marketing campaigns. For effective CRM (Customer Relationship Management), it is important to gather information on customer value. Many researches have been performed to calculate customer value based on CLV (Customer Lifetime Value). It, however, has some limitations. It is difficult to consider the churn of customers, because the previous prediction models have focused mainly on expected future cash flow derived from customers'past profit contribution. In this paper we suggest a CLV model considering past profit contribution, potential benefit, and churn probability of a customer. We also cover a framework for analyzing customer value and segmenting customers based on their value. Customer value is classified into three categories: current value, potential value and customer loyalty. Customers are segmented according to the three categories of customer value. A case study on calculating customer value of a wireless communication company will be illustrated.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제9권12호
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• pp.245-252
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• 2009

전력 산업은 그 기술적, 산업적 특성에 의하여 전통적으로 자연독점산업으로 인식되어 왔다. 그러나 이에 따른 비효율성을 개선하기 위해 유럽, 북미, 오세아니아 각 시장에서 지난 수십 년간 경쟁 체제가 도입되었다. 우리나라도 이러한 흐름에 발맞추어 수직통합구조의 분리와 민영화 등의 움직임이 가시화되고 조만간 소매 경쟁 체제가 본격화 될 것으로 전망되고 있다. 이에 따라 전력 산업에 있어서도 시장 원리에 의해 고객 가치를 제고하기 위한 연구의 필요성이 높아지고 있다. 그러나 전력 산업에 있어서 이에 관한 연구는 매우 부족하며, 특히 고객 이탈 방지와 고객 유지를 고려한 가격 정책에 관한 연구는 수행되지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 전력 산업에서 고객들에게 최저 요금제를 제시, 비용 절감을 가능하게 하여 고객 충성도를 제고함으로써, 고객 평생가치를 증대시키는 방법론을 제시하였다. 실제 고객 데이터를 활용한 실험을 통해 전력 산업에서 가격을 통한 고객 충성도 제고가 가능하며, 장기고객가치가 증대될 고객을 선별함으로써 기업의 장기적 수익을 증대시킬 수 있음을 검증하였다.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.221-227
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• 2009

There are customer services jointly provided by two facilities so that each customer will complete the course made up of both facilities' sub-services. The two facilities are assumed invested respectively by an infrastructure owner and one subordinate facility owner, whose partnership is built on their capital investments. This paper presents a mathematical model of Stackelberg competition between the two facility owners to derive their optimal Nash equilibrium. In this study, each facility owner's profit is consisted of fixed revenue fractions of sold services, operating costs (including depreciation cost) and maintenance costs of her facility. The maintenance costs of one facility are incurred both by failures and deterioration due to usage. Moreover, for both facilities, failures are rectified immediately by minimal repairs and preventive maintenance is carried out at a fixed time epoch. Additional assumptions are also employed to develop the model such as customer arrivals are manipulated to follow a Poisson process, and each facility's lifetime is independently Weibull-distributed. The Stackelberg game proceeds as follows. At the first stage of decision making process, the infrastructure owner (acting as a leader) decides the allocation of revenue shares based on her self-interest. After observing the allocation of revenue shares, the subordinate facility owner determines her own optimal price of services. This paper investigates actions and reactions of the two partners in the system. Then analytical conditions are proposed to achieve a unique optimal Nash equilibrium. Finally, some suggestions for further research are discussed.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.981-987
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• 2017

In this paper, we estimate the economic benefits of Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) for peak load shaving in an urban railway substation using the annual cost. The annual investment cost of ESSs is estimated using Net Present Value (NPV) and compared with the cost reduction of electricity by the ESS. The optimal capacities of the battery and Power Converting System (PCS) are determined for peak load shaving. The optimal capacity of the ESS and the peak load shaving is determined to maximize the profit by the ESS. The proposed method was applied to real load data in an urban railway substation, and the results show that electric power costs can be reduced. Other aspects of the ESS, such as the lifetime and unit price of the battery, are also investigated economically.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.131-140
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• 2002

Today's environment of enterprise is changing, They have to face customer' demands with the right product, the right service and supply them at the right time. And also cut down logistics and inventory cost and bring up the profit as much as they can. This means the change of putting enterprise first in importance to putting customer first importance. therefore to correspond to customer's demand, shorting lead time is becoming a essential condition. The answer to this changes of environment is supply chain management. In this paper, It consolidates the necessity on a LTV(Life Time Value) and analyzes data which is concerned of Customer Value. Under the these environments, defines the LTV(Life Time Value) rule that can improve the customer value. We solved this problems using AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) for consistency at relationship matrix, AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) is based on Saaty's consistency rate. If consistency rate is under 0.1 point, preference rate's weights are acceptable. This study develop a program for AHP weights and support Satty's consistency rate.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.141-157
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• 2013

Managing customers based on customer equity (CE) has emerged as the most effective way of doing business because of its ability to foster profitable customer relationship management (CRM) through appropriate marketing activities. Most research studies provide conceptual and empirical evidence of the positive link between CE and firm performance. However, regarding this possibility, it has been suggested by some researchers that this link may not hold true for other firms with different firmographic factors, such as firm growth rate, size, and resources. As previous research emphasizes that marketing managers should implement a strategy based on their unique business environment, our study addresses this issue by extending the framework to a different industry setting to investigate the impact of CE on firm performance. We develop a model for examining the relationship between the firm's estimated CE and firm performance by each time period using a distributed lagged model. Then, we investigate the effect of CE on the firm's profitability using a regression analysis. Finally, even though CRM is in increasing demand and firms are focusing on the customer as an asset, we conclude that there is a limited condition for this positive effect of CE. When the life cycle was divided by growth rate, CE was shown to have a distinctive effect on profit. In the case of a high-growth stage, the effect of CE on profit is positive because of its potential customer base, whereas the effect is not significant in a low-growth stage. That is, when the business environment is saturated and the firms are no longer competing in the market, CRM may not be effective. In other words, a long-term performance orientation may not be as effective as previously believed. This research contributes to the previous literature, providing a counterintuitive suggestion that firm managers should be cautious about implementing a CRM strategy and should allocate resources properly in terms of their resource capabilities and ability depending on their situation.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2010

정보기술의 발달은 CRM분야의 혁신을 가져왔고 많은 기업들은 CRM기술혁신 분야에 투자하여 개별고객가치에 의한 차별화된 고객관리가 가능하게 됨으로써 장기고객의 지속적 확보와 비용절감효과를 얻고자 하였다. 기업들은 경쟁력 확보를 위한 전략적 도구로서 정보기술을 이용한 차별화된 서비스를 제공하지 않으면 고객과의 관계 형성이 어려워 경쟁우위를 달성할 수 없게 되었다. 이러한 측면에서 고객에 대한 맞춤형 재화와 서비스의 제공이 필수적인 것이 되었으며, 기업 내 모든 자원이 전사적으로 통합관리되는 전사적 자원관리(ERP)시스템과 과학적이고 체계적으로 고객정보를 활용할 수 있도록 설계된 고객관계관리(CRM)시스템은 기업의 경쟁력 강화를 위해 반드시 갖추어야 할 시스템이라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 한국 금융기관에서 실행되고 있는 CRM의 문제점과 개선방안을 제시하는데 목적을 두고 CRM의 이론적 배경을 살펴보고 현재 금융기관의 CRM 구축상황을 분석하여 개선방안을 제시하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.1693-1702
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• 2009

Economic values of 14 production and functional traits for two Slovak dairy sheep breeds (Improved Valachian and Tsigai) were calculated. Semi-extensive production systems with one lambing per year were simulated using a bio-economic deterministic computer model. The marginal economic value of a trait was defined as the partial derivative of the profit function with respect to that trait. The relative economic value expressed the percentage proportion of standardized economic value (marginal economic value${\times}$genetic standard deviation) of a trait in the sum of the absolute values of the standardized economic values over all traits. Milk yield was of highest relative importance (26% and 32% in Improved Valachian and Tsigai) followed by productive lifetime and conception rate of ewes (16% and 15% in Improved Valachian and Tsigai, in both traits). Conception rate of female lambs and litter size had nearly the same relative economic importance in both breeds (9% to 11%). Survival rate of lambs at lambing and till weaning reached slightly lower economic values (4% to 7%). The economic importance of all remaining traits was less than 4%.