• Speech Sciences
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.53-66
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• 2001

This paper aims to investigate the acoustic characteristics of the vowels attested in Korean and French and to seek a way of understanding them from a phonological point of view. We first compare the two vowel systems by measuring the actual frequencies of the formants using CSL. It is shown that the first and second formants vary in wider range in French compared to Korean. In order to understand the two vowel systems from a phonological point of view, we apply the theory of Licensing Constraints, proposed and developed by Kaye (1994), and Charette and Kaye (1994). We propose the licensing constraints placed upon the vowels both in Korean and French. For Korean, we propose the licensing constraints such that both elements I and U must be heads. For French, we claim the following licensing constraints: U in a headed expression must be head, A cannot be head, and Nothing can only license an expression A in it.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.137-156
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• 2003

Increasingly, leisure time is being used for outdoor recreational activities, and fishing is one of the principal forms of marine recreation. Marine recreational fishing is a popular activity in Korea and this activity has led to the development of a sector of substantial social and economic value. Also it is considered as one of the important outdoor leisure industries in Korea. With rising of income level and development of marine outdoor leisure industries, social, economic demand increase of marine recreational fishing are showing us new advance ability of marine aquatic bio-industry. However the recreational use of fish stocks has become an important consideration in the public and environmental economic analysis of management aspect of fishing, having grown considerably over recent years to reach a level in Korea where the fish stocks and coastal ecosystem has become a significant management problem. we are inevitably facing marine environmental deterioration and overfishing in marine recreational fishing. In this study, not only resources and environmental problems which are occurred by recreational fishers, but also illegal fishing behaviors and other problems such as market's failure are going to analyze basic management theories and methods of recreational fishing through mathematical principals and economic rents which maximize net social benefits. In view of the likelihood of marine recreational fishers adopting high rates of discount, the conservation of fish resources would appear to require continual public surveillance and control of the physical yield and condition of the fish stocks and the optimal use level. The institutional management of recreational fisheries is the way of escaping the collapse of recreational fisheries just like as the situation of management's failure of commercial fisheries worldwide. One of the effective management measure is a license system. In this system, optimal fee is paid by recreational fishers, which prevent them from overfishing, environmental problems to some extents and carry out the optimal number of outings. And money obtained by license fee should be spent for more improvement fishing culture and welfare for marine recreational fishing. Marine recreational fishing is to be promoted under sound conservation and management principles.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.88-97
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• 2015

An omnidirectional optical system can be described as a special optical system that images in real time a panoramic image with an azimuthal angle of $360^{\circ}$ and the altitude angle corresponding to the upper and lower fields of view from the horizon line. In this paper, for easy fabrication and compact size, we designed and fabricated a catadioptric omnidirectional optical system consisting of the mirror part of a spherical mirror with a central hole (that is, obscuration), a plane mirror, the imaging lens part of 3 single spherical lenses, and a spherical doublet in the visible light spectrum. We evaluated its image performance by measuring the cut-off spatial frequency using automobile license plates, and the vertical field of view using an ISO 12233 chart. We achieved a catadioptric omnidirectional optical system with vertical field of view from $+53^{\circ}$ to $-17^{\circ}$ and an azimuthal angle of $360^{\circ}$. This optical system cleaniy imaged letters on a car's front license plate at the object distance of 3 meters, which corresponds to a cut-off spatial frequency of 135 lp/mm.

• Proceedings of the KSEE Conference
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.27-46
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• 2006

Field blasting engineers who took a degree from university, and passed the national qualifying examination of blaster, and took a prescribed course by national commend, and got a license of blasting from the national police agency are the foundation of a society of explosive&blasting of south Korea. By their view, we want to find problems of the domestic fiend blasting, and to think about solutions. I hope they become the world's best blasting engineer.

• Information and Communications Magazine
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.50-60
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• 2011

Visible light communication(VLC) is one type of short-range, optical, and wireless communication system utilizing light emitting diode(LED) and laser diode(LD) as optical source. In a VLC system, visible light is used as a transmission medium and used to illuminate. Using VLC has a lot of advantages: it is harmless to human body; it transmits with high power, and it has excellent security, a high data rate, and a license free frequency band. With such a unique blend of communication and illumination in one system, the most common application would be an indoor environment. We aim at reviewing key issues in VLC network such as : FOV(field of view), priority MAC, cooperative MAC, link switching, LED-ID technique, cell site diversity, and link recovery.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

A newly-structured Korean pharmacist license exam has been launched in 2015, reflecting upon the changes in the pharmacy curriculum from a 4 year program to a 6 year program in 2009. In order to provide new ideas to ensure that the new exam is one of the most effective pharmacist evaluations that have taken place thus far, this study was done to compare the pharmacy exams in Korea and Canada. One of the major differences noted between the two countries' exams is that along with paper based MCQ portion of the exam, Canada's exam also includes a performance-based section, known as OSCE, which the Korean Pharmacy Exam (KPE) does not have. Furthermore, with the MCQ portion of the exam, the Canadian exam asks about 300 questions, with 450 minutes of test time allocated and taken during a period of two consecutive days, the KPE asks 350 questions, with 325 minutes of test time allocated in one day. Although, similarly, many of the questions in both exams place emphasis on clinical or patient care, Canada's exam puts significantly more emphasis (50.5% of exam questions) on these types of questions than Korea (29.7% of exam questions). However, this percentage does not reflect the exact weight placed for the specific areas of knowledge it requires to answer these questions, since the types of questions asked in this section in Canada could be placed in another section on the KPE. Canada's exam also has more questions (10% +150 questions for BC) on the topics of law and ethics compared to the KPE (5.7%). The reason for this may be that the Canadian society puts emphasis on the legal and ethical duties of pharmacists as a leader. However, since each country is unique in their social, economical, and cultural points of view, comparing the KPE to the Canadian licensing exam and applying these differences to the new KPE may not be appropriate. One last thing to consider is that, as WHO/FIP mentioned, in good pharmacy practice, continually updating and developing an appropriate pharmacy exam with consideration of societal changes, is key to success in developing the scope of practice for current and future pharmacists.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.97-101
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• 2007

The purpose of DRM is to protect the copyrights of content providers and to enable only designated users to access digital contents. From the consumers' point of view, they have a tendency to go against complex and confusing limitations. Moreover, consumers' rights of use of the content obtained legally were frequently harmed by arbitrary limitations. The concept of Authorized Domain (AD) was presented to remove such problems. However, the previous work on authorized domain has two problems. The first is that it requires a rather expensive revocation mechanism for withdraw process. The second is that the modules still can play contents which are previously obtained even though they are currently out of the authorized domain. On the contrary, our scheme presents the content from being played by modules which are out of the domain for better security. Furthermore our scheme does not need to maintain a revocation list and prevent replay attack.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.31-50
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• 1999

The purpose of this paper is to offer policies or laws governing the future of Korean seafood markets in view of societal marketing concept. The environment surrounding those markets is changing quickly and constantly. The proposals in this paper are meant to help the Korean seafood market coping with this swiftly changing environment. This paper sorts this changing environment in terms of institutional side and secio-economical side. The institutional side involves the enforcement of international and domestic seafood trade standards, the increase of seafood importation, the adoption of optional seafood sales system, the openness of distribution market, and the adoption of TAC system. The secio-economical side involves the development of telecommunication and transportation, and the changing of seafood consumption pattern. The forecast about the future of seafood market could be classified into three fields, that is, the production field, the distribution field, and the consumption field of seafood. In the production field of seafood, the stabilization of supply of seafood and the production management oriented seafood market could be forecasted. In the distribution field, the formulating of enforced trade standards, the dispersion of marketing function among fisher, wholesaler and retailer, the development of marketing skills, and the promotion of marketing information system could be forecasted. Finally, in consumption field, the promotion of standardization and diversification, the appearance of intellectual consumers could be forecasted. This paper seeks to offer policies or laws fur the three categories of the seafood market-the government, the fisher, and the distributor-coping with the changing environment on the above three fields, thereby benefiting the consumer's long-term welfare. For the government, this paper suggests the construction of a Seafood Transaction Information Infrastructure, a Seafood Dealer License System, and a Seafood Safety Security System. For the fishers, this paper proposes an Eco-labelling System, a Sustainable Production System, and a Real Naming System in dealing seafood. Finally, for the distributors, this paper offers a Seafood Production Controlling System, a Nature-friendly Marketing System, and a Consumer-oriented Marketing System.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.179-188
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• 2017

The Internet Video Coding (IVC) standard is due to be published by Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) for various Internet applications such as internet broadcast streaming. IVC aims at three things fundamentally: 1) forming IVC patents under a free of charge license, 2) reaching comparable compression performance to AVC/H.264 constrained Baseline Profile (cBP), and 3) maintaining computational complexity for feasible implementation of real-time encoding and decoding. MPEG experts have worked diligently on the intellectual property rights issues for IVC, and they reported that IVC already achieved the second goal (compression performance) and even showed comparable performance to even AVC/H.264 High Profile (HP). For the complexity issue, however, there has not been thorough analysis on IVC decoder. In this paper, we analyze the IVC decoder in view of the time complexity by evaluating running time. Through the experimental results, IVC is 3.6 times and 3.1 times more complex than AVC/H.264 cBP under constrained set (CS) 1 and CS2, respectively. Compared to AVC/H.264 HP, IVC is 2.8 times and 2.9 times slower in decoding time under CS1 and CS2, respectively. The most critical tool to be improved for lightweight IVC decoder is motion compensation process containing a resolution-adaptive interpolation filtering process.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.269-276
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• 2008

Operational license of WWER-440/213 units at Paks NPP, Hungary is limited to the design lifetime of 30 years. Prolongation by additional 20 years of the operational lifetime is feasible. Moreover, enhancement of the reactor thermal power by 8% will increase both the net power output and the competitiveness of the plant. Paks NPP is a pioneer considering the power up-rate and preparation of long-term operation of WWER-440/213 design. Systematic preparatory work for long-term operation of Paks NPP has been started in 2000. A regulatory framework and a comprehensive engineering practice have been developed. According to the authors view, creation of a gapless engineering system via consequent application of best practices, and feed-back of experiences together with proper consideration of WWER-440/V213 features are the decisive elements of ensuring the safety of long-term operation. That systematic engineering approach is in the focus of recent paper. Key elements of justification and measures for ensuring the safety of long-term operation of Paks NPP WWER-440/213 units are identified and discussed. These are the assessment of plant condition and review of adequacy of ageing management programmes, also the review, validation and reconstitution of time limited ageing analyses as core tasks of licence renewal.