• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.231-243
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• 1997

In this paper we investigate weak convergence of the intergral processes whose index set is the non-compact infinite time interval. Our first goal is to develop the empirical central limit theorem as random elements of [0, .infty.) for an integral process which is constructed from iid variables. In developing the weak convergence as random elements of D[0, .infty.), we will use a result of Ossiander(4) whose proof heavily depends on the total boundedness of the index set. Our next goal is to establish the empirical central limit theorem for the Kaplan-Meier integral process as random elements of D[0, .infty.). In achieving the the goal, we will use the above iid result, a representation of State(6) on the Kaplan-Meier integral, and a lemma on the uniform order of convergence. The first result, in some sense, generalizes the result of empirical central limit therem of Pollard(5) where the process is regarded as random elements of D[-.infty., .infty.] and the sample paths of limiting Gaussian process may jump. The second result generalizes the first result to random censorship model. The later also generalizes one dimensional central limit theorem of Stute(6) to a process version. These results may be used in the nonparametric statistical inference.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 1984

벼의 약과 화계의 길이가 긴 품종을 탐색할 목적으로 8월 상순에 개화하는 통일계 21품종, 일반계 20품종, 일본·만주·IRRI 및 기지 지역에서 도입한 각각 12. 6, 12, 17 품종을 일반 재배하고 당일 개화하는 영화와 내일 개화할 것으로 기시되는 영화를 채취하여 내외영장, 약장, 약폭, 화계장 및 화분직경을 현미경 하에서 micrometer로 측정하여 도입국별 품종군 별로 검토한다. 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 약장은 1.1 mm(Akihikari)부터 3.0mm(IR43), 약폭은 0.5mm부터 0.75mm, 화계장은 가장 짧았던 3.3mm(Akihikari)부터 가장 긴 8.1mm(Z97B) 사이에 분포하였다. 2. 약장 및 화계장은 IRRI 품종 중에 긴 것이 많았고, 만주 품종 중에 짧은 것이 많았으며, 통일계 품종은 중간의 것이 많았다. 3. 약장과 화계장 간에는 상관 정도가 낮았고, 약장 및 화계장은 내외영장과 유의 상관이 있었다. 4. 약장이 긴 5개 품종과 화계장이 긴 9개 품종과의 관계를 원시한 결과 양 품종군이 분명히 구별되었으며 IR56과 같이 양 형질이 다 같이 큰 품종도있었다. 5. 개화에 따라 나타나는 각 형질들의 개화직전의 측정치와 개화직후의 측정치간에는 대체로 고도의 유의상관이 있었으며, 화계장만은 개화전과 개화후의 측정치간에 유의상관이 없었다.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.256-263
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• 2013

The saturation of the actuator impairs the response performance of the near space interceptor control system. A control system based on the properties of linear tracking system is designed for this problem. The properties are that the maximum value of the pseudo-Lyapunov function of the linear tracking control system do not present at the initial state but at the steady state, based on which the bounded stability problem is converted into linear tracking problem. The pseudo-Lyapunov function of the linear tracking system contain the input variables; the amplitude and frequency of the input variables affect the stability of the nonlinear control system. Designate expected closed-loop poles area for different input commands and obtain a controller which is function of input variables. The coupling between variables and linear matrices make the control system design problem non-convex. The non-convex problem is converted into a convex LMI according to the Shur complement lemma and iterative algorithm. Finally the simulation shows that the designed optimal control system is quick and accurate; the rationality of the presented design techniques is validated.

• 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.353-373
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• 2005

최근의 급속한 정보화 사회로의 전환에 편승하여 이산수학에 대한 관심과 이에 따른 연구가 활발해지고 있으며, 제 7차 교육과정에서 이산수학을 선택과목으로 지정할 만큼 그 중요성이 인정되고 있다. 본 연구는 네트워크문제와 관련된 이중계수 문제, 한붓그리기, 그리고 도로망문제를 중심으로, 초등 수학영재학생을 위한 학습프로그램을 구성하는 문제와 관련된 교수학적 변환에 대하여 논의하였다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1988년도 전기.전자공학 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.898-901
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• 1988

Up to now, using adaptive control method, Identification deals with system whose entire state variables and prameters are accessible for measurement. In practical situations, all the state variables cannot be measured and it is impossible to directly apply since the parameters of the system are unknown. Therefore, in this paper, using only input-output data, such a model of the system is not available since the parameters of the system are unknown. this leads to the concept of an adptive observer in which both the parameters and the state variable of the system are identified simultaniously. Lyapunov's direct method and Kalman-Yakubovich (K-Y) lemma are employed to ensure the stability of this schemes. The feature is that the signal and adaptive gain which is generated from filter is imposed upon feedback vector and then state variables and the unknown parameters can be identified. To show the usefulness of the proposed schemes, computer simulation result of unknown second-order system shows the effectiveness of the proposed schems.

• 대한전기학회논문지:시스템및제어부문D
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• 제53권7호
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• pp.483-490
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• 2004

The descriptor system model has a high ability in representing dynamical systems. It can preserve physical parameters in the coefficient matrices, and describe the dynamic part, static part, and even the improper part of the system in the same form. The design of mixed $H_{2}/H_{\infty}$ controllers for linear time-invariant descriptor systems is considered in this paper. Firstly, an $H_2$ and $H_{\infty}$ synthesis problems fur a descriptor system are presented separately in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) based on the bounded real lemma. Then, we show that the existence of a mixed $H_2/H_{\infty}$ controller by which the $H_2$ norm of the second channel is minimized while keeping the $H_2$ norm bound of the first channel less than ${\gamma}$, is reduced to the linear objective minimization problem. The class of desired controllers that are assumed to have the same structure as the plant is parameterized by using the linearizing change of variables.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.817-832
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• 2015

This paper presents a state feedback based backstepping control algorithm to address the trajectory tracking problem of an underactuated Unmanned Surface Vessel (USV) in the horizontal plane. A nonlinear three Degree of Freedom (DOF) underactuated dynamic model for USV is considered, and trajectory tracking controller that can track both curve trajectory and straight line trajectory with high accuracy is designed as the well known Persistent Exciting (PE) conditions of yaw velocity is completely relaxed in our study. The proposed controller has further been enriched by incorporating an integral action additionally for enhancing the steady state performance and control precision of the USV trajectory tracking control system. Global stability of the overall system is proved by Lyapunov theory and Barbalat's Lemma, and then simulation experiments are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the controller designed.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
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• 제51권8호
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• pp.409-416
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• 2002

This paper presents a fault location algorithm using direct 3-phase circuit analysis for distribution power networks. The unbalanced feature of distribution networks due to single phase loads or asymmetric operation prohibits us from using the conventional symmetrical component transformation. Even though the symmetrical component transformation provides us with a very easy tool in three phase network analysis, it is limited to balanced systems in utilizing its strong point, which is not suitable for distribution networks. In this paper, a fault location algorithm using direct 3-phase circuit analysis is developed. The algorithm is derived and it Is shown that the proposed method if we use matrix inverse lemma, is not more difficult then the conventional methods using symmetrical component transformation. Since the symmetrical component transformation is not used in the suggested method, unbalanced networks also can be handled with the same difficulty as balanced networks. The case study results show the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.254-260
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• 2014

Best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) has been used to estimate the fixed effects and random effects of complex traits. Traditionally, genomic relationship matrix-based (GRM) and random marker-based BLUP analyses are prevalent to estimate the genetic values of complex traits. We used three methods: GRM-based prediction (G-BLUP), random marker-based prediction using an identity matrix (so-called single-nucleotide polymorphism [SNP]-BLUP), and SNP-SNP variance-covariance matrix (so-called SNP-GBLUP). We used 35,675 SNPs and R package "rrBLUP" for the BLUP analysis. The SNP-SNP relationship matrix was calculated using the GRM and Sherman-Morrison-Woodbury lemma. The SNP-GBLUP result was very similar to G-BLUP in the prediction of genetic values. However, there were many discrepancies between SNP-BLUP and the other two BLUPs. SNP-GBLUP has the merit to be able to predict genetic values through SNP effects.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.53-67
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• 1994

대표적인 규소축적 식물 중에 하나인 벼(Orzy sativa)의 규소체를 기관별로 광학현미경과 주사전자현미경 하에서 조사하였다. 또한 규소체의 명칭에 대하여 가능한 기원조직에 근거하여 정리하였다. 벼의 조사된 주요 기관 7개 부위, 즉 엽신, 엽초, 줄기, 뿌리, 포영, 호영, 그리고 내영에서 특징적인 규소체가 확인되었다. 각 기관에 형성된 규소체 중 특히 장세포 기원의 규소체, 단세포 기원의 규소체 그리고 표피부속체 기원의 규소체 등은 기관별로 그 형태가 다양하게 나타났다. 또한 엽신에서는 벼의 다른 기관에서 형성되는 대부분의 규소체가 형성되는 것으로 밝혀졌다.