• 환경생물
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.171-179
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• 2011

광주광역시에 분포하는 보호수는 9분류군 68개체다. 환경백서에 기록된 보호수 가운데 광산구 운남동 신가마을의 떡갈나무는 갈참나무로, 서구 벽진동 벽진마을의 양버들은 왕버들로, 남구 석정동의 소나무는 반송으로 수정되어야 한다. IPCC는 21세기말에 평균기온은 최고 $6.4^{\circ}C$ 및 해수면은 59 cm 상승하므로 북극빙하는 완전히 녹아 없어지고 지구상의 생물종 95%가 멸종위기에 빠질 것으로 경고하고 있다. 광주광역시의 보호수를 통해 기후변화 취약성을 평가하고자 IPCC 예측 결과를 적용해 보면 21세기말 광주광역시 최한월 1월 최저기온은 현재 제주도 최한월 평균최저기온인 $3^{\circ}C$보다 높을 것으로 평가된다. 따라서 21세기 말 광주광역시 지역은 제주도에 분포하는 보호수인 곰솔, 팽나무, 푸조나무 그리고 상록성활엽수가 잘 자랄 것으로 판단되지만 서울과 광주에서 함께 나타나는 보호수인 반송과 느티나무는 취약성을 드러낼 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.133-146
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• 2017

This study aimed to develop strategies to re-establish the Park Nature Conservation Area in Bukhansan National Park, reflecting landscape ecological value by using the zonation program Marxan with Zones. Planning unit was set by watershed, and the basic data were mapped, considering topographical and ecological values. Mapped indicators were analyzed with the application framework of Marxan with Zones by indexing some indicators. The zones divided into Park Nature Conservation Area (Zone A), Park Nature Environment Area I(Zone B) which is reflected on the concept of Potential Park Nature Conservation Area and Park Nature Environment Area II(Zone C). The best solution for each of the scenarios was fixed through the sensitiveness analysis. From these, the final solution was selected considering five criteria including area ratio of conservation area and grouping. Lastly, the final solution was verified in the overlapped analysis with recent zonation. According to the results, the number of watersheds was 77, with an average area of $1,007,481m^2$. In terms of basic mapping and indexation, the slope index and number of landscape resources for topographical property were average 0.22 and 38 places, respectively. Biotope index was average 0.69 and legally protected species was 14 species, reflecting ecological values. As the social and economic indicators, trail index was average 0.04, and the number of tour and management facilities was 43 places. Through the framework of Marxan with Zones, the best solution for scenario 1 which was set by the highest conservation criteria was selected as the final solution, and the area ratio of Park Nature Conservation Area and grouping was excellent. As the result of overlapped analysis, suggested zonation of the Park Nature Conservation was better than the recent zonation in the area raito (28.3%), biotope grade I(15.4%) and the distribution points (10 places) of legally protected species with verification of proper distribution of conservation features according to the zone.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2012

This study intended to analyze growth condition of each object by protected tree's ground for 45 places registered to Pyeongtaek protected tree list in locational characteristics, conduct exchange analysis for impediment extent rate in crown area and tree type to the result and suggest the measures to manage artificial impediment which is an effect on protected tree condition. In this study, the tree whose area of impediment for crown area is less than 21% is tree condition of grade 1~2, less than 21~50% is grade 2~3 and more than 50% is grade 3~5. The more impediment is, the more inconvenience causes on growth and development. So, it verified that the area rate must maintain less than 21% for the root system management of protected tree. For the standard of managing artificial impediment which is an effect on the tree condition of protected trees, the below matters intend to be suggested. The first, the impediment in crown area should be less than 21%. But, if there is not artificial impediment out of crown area, the rate of impediment area is considered to increase somewhat. The second, growth space of protected tree should be maintained by crown area at least and impediment should be established out of the crown area. The third, during the national project and land development, surroundings of protected tree must be applied as park, resting place, etc. and the establishment area of impediment (artificial impediment and natural impediment) in crown area must be limited. The forth, publicity for regional people (especially, land owner) is necessary for the protection of natural inheritance and the value of dependence on local government and village which are the subject of management must be announced widely through the internet media, etc, so its importance must be recognized. The fifth, the matters related to protected tree management must be able to limit artificial damage which is for surroundings of protected tree through the mutual connection among the local governments; construction, civil engineering, architecture, water and sewage, agriculture and forest and others. Also, following studies on the effects of kinds, thickness, etc. of impediment around the protected tree on trees should be continued.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.329-341
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• 2023

We surveyed the vegetation of an ecological landscape preservation area (legally protected conservation areas or national parks) and the surrounding areas of Mt. Cheonggye, Republic of Korea, to explore the conservation implications for preservation areas and surrounding transition areas. We calculated diversity indices to identify the properties of the preservation and surrounding areas that are relevant to conservation efforts. We then compared the plant community composition between the areas using field and quadrat surveys in the preservation and surrounding areas. The cover of the dominant species in all tree and herb layers was markedly higher in the preservation area than in the peripheral zones. The species richness indices were significantly higher in the preservation area than in the peripheral zones. Ordination using detrended canonical correspondence analyses showed that the cover of the dominant tree species and rocks could explain the distribution of plant species in the Cartesian space of the ordination. Our results demonstrate that physiognomically designated protected areas match well with ecological data based on diversity indices and ordination analyses and that disturbances in the areas surrounding the ecological landscape of preservation areas can have considerable impacts on plant diversity indices. Hence, the preservation and management of surrounding areas are essential conservation elements for protecting the entire ecological landscape of preservation areas.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.277-290
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• 2013

This study was carried out to propose the new procedure to apply Habitat Evaluation Procedure(HEP) of target species using delphi technique, which is suitable to develop endangered species with few researches and ecological knowledges. To identify habitat quality of specific species in development project site, we can develop habitat model and create habitat suitability maps. In this study, we select the Common Kestrel(Falco tinnunculus) as target species in four areas(Paju, Siheung, Ansan, Hwaseong) which is located near the Seoul metropolitan area. The Delphi technique was selected to get the reliable information on the species and habitats requirements. Through the delphi approach, seven habitat components were determined as suitable variables for the Common Kestrel: density($n/km^2$) of small mammals, area($km^2$) of bare-grounds, pasturelands and riparian, and open area(%), spatial distribution and area of croplands, landscape diversity, breeding sites(tall trees, cliffs, high-rise buildings), and the length of shelf. Habitat variables used in this model were classified into two categories: % of suitable land-cover type(open areas, croplands, pasturelands, wetlands, and baregrounds) and the quality of feeding sites(within 250m from edges of woodlands). Habitat quality of the Common Kestrel was assessed against occurred sites derived from the nationwide survey. Predicted habitat suitability map were closely related to the observed sites of the endangered avian species in the study areas. With the habitat suitability map of the Common Kestrel, we assess the environmental impacts with habitat loss after development project in environmental impact assessment.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.71-82
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• 2013

This study has been carried out with the purpose of coming up with suggestions for designation of domestic protection areas and improvement of their management through a comparative analysis of the systems of management of the protection areas in South Korea, Japan and China. Starting with the designation of natural reserves in 1962, South Korea has prepared legal systems for preserving ecosystems and biodiversity, while continuing to designate protected areas. As the state has so far monopolized the designation and management of all South Korean protection areas that take up 10.8% of its entire land area (as of Dec. 2011), with such persisting issues as multiple designations of one and the same area for protection, overlapping management authorities, and management of privately owned land in the protection areas. In Japan, which has protected area sizes and relevant legal systems similar to those in South Korea, the state provides the basic framework for management, while delegating most of the duties related to direct operation and management to specific municipalities. China, with an integrated administrative management of protected areas, has related government offices and municipalities responsible for the designation and management of individual protected areas. South Korea needs to provide a legally based support system that would further enhance the value of areal protection and contribute to the promotion of local economy and community.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.13-30
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• 2018

In terms of environmental friendly land use and objective environmental assessment, legislative assessment items of Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map (ECVAM) consists of designated areas related to conservation and protection, and areas that are planned to be designated in the future. However, the gap with the reality due to omission of several protection areas and land use regulations, and assessment grades according to 3 division land use map of forest, agricultural land, and urbanized area, results in low application and utilization of ECVAM. Therefore in this study, the legislative assessment of the ECVAM was performed with new assessment items and its new ratings, to suggest an improvement in legislative assessment items of the ECVAM. As a result, legally protected areas of inhabited islands under absolute conservation, special wildlife protection districts, protected marine areas, environmental preservation sea areas, scenic spots, forest protection zone, traditional temple preservation zone, and 45 zone or district related to regulation of land use were additionally designated as new legislative assessment items. New grade ratings were given to each additional assessment items in consideration of the restrictions on acts. As a result of the legislative assessment based on the new assessment items and new grades, the 1st grade area increased by 3.47%, and the 2nd grade area increased by 19.35%. The 3rd grade area decreased by 8.54%, the 4th grade area increased by 2.95%, and 5th grade increased by 2.91%. In addition, the out-of-grade area decreased by 20.14%, considered to be a realistic assessment based on land use. With the improved legislative assessment, it is possible to provide a more accurate environmental assessment map. Increase usage of ECVAM is expected in providing regulations of land use and base data for integrated land management of land environmental planning.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.99-110
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• 2024

According to the REDD+ program, it is necessary to monitor, quantify, and report forest conditions in protected land areas. The objectives of this work were to quantify the average monthly aerial net primary productivity (ANPP_MONTH) of semi-arid Chaco Forest at Copo National Park (CNP), Santiago del Estero, Argentina, during the period 2000-2023, as well as its spatial distribution and relationship, and its use efficiency (RUE) of average monthly rainfall (AMR). The ANPP_MONTH model accounted for 90% of the seasonal variability from October to May, the average seasonal ANPP_MONTH was 145 tons of dry matter per hectare (t dm/ha), being the maximum in January with 192 t dm/ha and the minimum in May with 91 t dm/ha. The surface area covered by ANPP_MONTH exhibited a consistent positive trend from October to May (t test=15.65, p<0.01). Strong and significant direct relationships were found between ANPP_MONTH and AMRs, linear models explaining 90% and 96% of the variability, respectively. The results obtained become reference values for assessing the capacity of the forest systems to stock carbon for global warming mitigation and for monitoring and controlling their response to extreme climatic adversities. The average ANPP_MONTH reduces uncertainty when defining the thresholds to monitor and quantify ANPP and forest area, thus facilitating the detection of negative changes in land use in CNP. Such results evidence the National Parks Administration's high effectiveness for the maintenance of protected area and for the high ANPP of the FCHS of CNP in the period 2000-2023.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.951-959
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• 2020

This study aimed to re-establish the conservation area reflecting landscape ecological value through scenario program, targeting Odaesan National Park. The basic data were mapped in watershed planning units, which were set considering topographical and ecological values. The framework of Marxan with Zones, using an indexation process, was using the mapped indicators. Each best solution according to the scenarios was assessed through sensitivity analysis, and a final solution was selected among the best solutions, considering criteria including area ratio of conservation area and grouping. Lastly, the final solution was verified in the overlap analysis with recent zonation. As a result, through the framework of Marxan with Zones, the best solution of scenario 1, which was set by the highest conservation criteria was selected as the final solution, and the area ratio of conservation area and grouping was excellent. As for the overlap analysis, the suggested conservation area was improved compared to recent zonation in terms of the area ratio (39.4%), biotope grade I (35.6%) and the distribution points (7 places) of legally protected species.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• nspc9호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2016

In the present study, to explore the current status of mammals that inhabit Jindo Island, Jeollanam-do, South Korea, a survey was conducted from July 6 to July 9, 2016. Using several survey methods, such as Sherman's live trap, footprint, caves, excretions, and road-kill investigations, the mammals observed on Jindo Island were found to be from 5 orders and 9 families, including 12 species in total. Among them, three species of small mammals were Mogera wogura, Crocidura shantungensis, and Apodemus agrarius. Additionally, two legally protected species were found through excretion observations. Lutra lutra and Prionailurus bengalensis, which were designated to endangered wild animal classes I and II, respectively. The survey results can be used as a valuable resource for identifying the distribution and habitat status of mammals in the Jindo-gun area, as well as for building a database for ecosystem preservation.