• Title/Summary/Keyword: Legal engineering

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A Study on the Risk Assessment and Improvement of Musculoskeletal Burden Works in the Semiconductor Manufacturer (반도체 제조회사의 근골격계부담작업 유해요인조사 실태와 개선방안)

  • Jeong, Yeyoung;Park, Jae Hee
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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    • v.37 no.1
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    • pp.49-54
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    • 2022
  • In Korea, companies which have work-related musculoskeletal burden works should have conducted legal risk assessments every three years from 2004 onwards. However, due to problems with the legal definition of work-related musculoskeletal burden works, some companies may have been exempted from the risk assessment even though their workers still experience work-related musculoskeletal pain. For example, the manufacturing process used by a particular semiconductor manufacturing company involved a great deal of legal musculoskeletal bueden works. However, this company eliminated the musculoskeletal burden works by continuously introducing automated processes, and finally, in 2016, all work which was legally defined as musculoskeletal burden work were removed from the company's manufacturing process. Nevertheless, in a 2016 survey, 9.6% of the company's workers still complained of musculoskeletal pain, and in a 2019 survey this proportion actually increased to 15.7%. This incident demonstrates the limitations and problems of the current legal risk assessment of work-related musculoskeletal burden work. Therefore, this study proposes two improvements to solve these problems. Firstly, it is necessary to broaden the current legal definition of work-related musculoskeletal burden works. For example, vibration risk factors and push/pull tasks that are currently missing from the definition should be included. Secondly, it is proposed that a survey on musculoskeletal pain should be conducted for all workers, regardless of whether they are engaged in musculoskeletal burden works. The results of this study could be used to improve the legal risk assessment of work-related musculoskeletal burden works.

A Study on Civil and Criminal Liabilities of 119 Rescue and Its Legal Protection (공무원인 119구급대원의 직무수행과 관련하여 발생할 수 있는 민$\cdot$형사상 책임과 그에 따른 법적 보호를 위한 대책에 관한 연구)

  • Bae Hyun-A;Yun Soon-Young;Jung Koo-Young;Lee Kyung-Whan;Kim Chan-Woong
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.19 no.2 s.58
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    • pp.45-62
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    • 2005
  • This thesis has defined the legal status of 119 rescue who plays a major role in the Korean prehospital emergency medical system and reviewed the various issues that may occur depending on work related legal liabilities. As a result, the purpose of this study was to represent the countermeasures for legal protection of 119 rescue required for the quality improvement of prehospital emergency medical system and as well as the countermeasures for risk management prepared for its related lawsuits. The legal liabilities of 119 rescue officers can be divided largely into public law liabilities and civil and criminal liabilities. In order to decrease the incidences of legal problems and provide the legal protection to rescue officers, the liability of supervising physician should be emphasized when the emergency medical practice is performed by a rescue officer under their supervision by consolidating medical control and the rescue officer should have legal liability on his emergency medical practice. itself Also, the emergency medical service guideline for 119 rescue officers should be prepared and their works should be performed according to such a guideline and procedures. In addition, the accurate legal documentation on emergency medical system from on-site to ER and related mobilization should be framed and preserved. Moreover, it is required to enact a new law such as the Good Samaritan Act or the Rescue Officers Protection Act.

As, Cd, Pb, Co, Cr Concentration and Property Evaluation in Frequently Using 16 Oriental Herbal Medicines -Mainly Average, Lowest, Highest Concentration and Percent Exceeding Value of Legal Allowance in Korean and Chinese Origines- (16종 다용한약재의 산지별 As, Cd, Pb, Co, Cr 농도 및 특성고찰 -한국과 중국산의 평균농도, 최소-최대농도와 법적 허용농도초과비율을 중심으로-)

  • Kim, Kee-Dong;Park, Hae-Mo;Seo, Yong-Chan;Lee, Sun-Dong
    • Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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    • v.16 no.3
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    • pp.167-183
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    • 2012
  • Objective : Average, lowest, highest concentration and exceeding value of legal allowance of As, Cd, Pb, Co, Cr in frequently using 16 oriental herbal medicines in korea(Astragali Radix, Ginseng, Citri Unshii Pericarpium, Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Cnidii Rhizoma, Paeoniae Radix, Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, Zingiberis Rhizoma Crudus, Zizyphi Fructus, Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba, Hoelen, Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Corni Fructus, Schisandrae Fructus, Lycii Fructus) was evaluated according to their origines (korea, china) and property was also discussed according to the medicinally active part and individuals regardless origines. Method : Korean and Chinese herbal medicines were evenly sampled from corresponding country nationwide. Pre-treatment was executed according to the KFDA(Korea Food and Drug Administration) regulation and analysis was performed according to the Korean Environmental Analysis QA/QC. Result : Not much difference was observed according to their origines. However, lowest, highest and percent exceeding value of legal allowance was showed some consistent differences according to the medicinally active part and individuals. Co and Cr was can not be evaluated since their legal regulation was not established yet. Conclusion : The average concentration of As, Cd, Pb, Co, Cr in frequently using 16 oriental herbal medicines in korea showed no noticeable difference according to their origines. Regardless the origin, some consistent differences were observed according to the individuals and medicinally active parts.

A Study on the Legal Review of Safety Operation for Offshore Supply Vessel (해양플랜트 지원선박의 안전운항을 위한 법률 검토)

  • Jin, Ho-Hyun;Lee, Chang-Hee
    • Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.133-144
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    • 2015
  • Recently, Korea shipping companies have been internally/externally difficult to manage their fleet due to the high price of bunker, wage and low cost of charterage and freight. To solve these problems, some shipping companies have tried to set up a new business regarding offshore plant supply vessel(OSV). Owing to the absence of big oil field near the Korea coast, OSV market has not been gradually progressing as far. This study intends to review the legal review of both international and municipal law for the OSV. Therefore I have provided basic legal information to the domestic shipping companies which have desired to enter the OSV's market and suggest legal revision harmoniously to identify the problem in the municipal law.

Investigation of Problem and System by Energy Application in City Level (도시차원에서의 에너지 적용에 따른 문제점 및 체계 검토)

  • Park, Yool;Kim, Sam-Uel;Park, Jin-Young;Lee, Sang-Jin;Yee, Jurng-Jae
    • Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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    • v.29 no.3
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    • pp.51-58
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    • 2009
  • Recently, many social, economical and political problems have occurred in the field of urban energy supply because of the depletion of fossil fuels and the international climate change agreements and the current energy-related laws focus on individual buildings which makes them difficult to implement. Also, the policies for energy savings have increased day by day, but it is difficult to establish efficient urban plan because of lack of integrated policies and institutions. Current legal systems for urban plan does not cover domestic and international climate change agreements, energy related industry's structural changes and other environmental problems such as embodied energy and global warming. This paper tries to investigate current conditions of legal system to provide fundamental materials for improving energy conservation in urban plan.

Term Mapping Methodology between Everyday Words and Legal Terms for Law Information Search System (법령정보 검색을 위한 생활용어와 법률용어 간의 대응관계 탐색 방법론)

  • Kim, Ji Hyun;Lee, Jong-Seo;Lee, Myungjin;Kim, Wooju;Hong, June Seok
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.137-152
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    • 2012
  • In the generation of Web 2.0, as many users start to make lots of web contents called user created contents by themselves, the World Wide Web is overflowing by countless information. Therefore, it becomes the key to find out meaningful information among lots of resources. Nowadays, the information retrieval is the most important thing throughout the whole field and several types of search services are developed and widely used in various fields to retrieve information that user really wants. Especially, the legal information search is one of the indispensable services in order to provide people with their convenience through searching the law necessary to their present situation as a channel getting knowledge about it. The Office of Legislation in Korea provides the Korean Law Information portal service to search the law information such as legislation, administrative rule, and judicial precedent from 2009, so people can conveniently find information related to the law. However, this service has limitation because the recent technology for search engine basically returns documents depending on whether the query is included in it or not as a search result. Therefore, it is really difficult to retrieve information related the law for general users who are not familiar with legal terms in the search engine using simple matching of keywords in spite of those kinds of efforts of the Office of Legislation in Korea, because there is a huge divergence between everyday words and legal terms which are especially from Chinese words. Generally, people try to access the law information using everyday words, so they have a difficulty to get the result that they exactly want. In this paper, we propose a term mapping methodology between everyday words and legal terms for general users who don't have sufficient background about legal terms, and we develop a search service that can provide the search results of law information from everyday words. This will be able to search the law information accurately without the knowledge of legal terminology. In other words, our research goal is to make a law information search system that general users are able to retrieval the law information with everyday words. First, this paper takes advantage of tags of internet blogs using the concept for collective intelligence to find out the term mapping relationship between everyday words and legal terms. In order to achieve our goal, we collect tags related to an everyday word from web blog posts. Generally, people add a non-hierarchical keyword or term like a synonym, especially called tag, in order to describe, classify, and manage their posts when they make any post in the internet blog. Second, the collected tags are clustered through the cluster analysis method, K-means. Then, we find a mapping relationship between an everyday word and a legal term using our estimation measure to select the fittest one that can match with an everyday word. Selected legal terms are given the definite relationship, and the relations between everyday words and legal terms are described using SKOS that is an ontology to describe the knowledge related to thesauri, classification schemes, taxonomies, and subject-heading. Thus, based on proposed mapping and searching methodologies, our legal information search system finds out a legal term mapped with user query and retrieves law information using a matched legal term, if users try to retrieve law information using an everyday word. Therefore, from our research, users can get exact results even if they do not have the knowledge related to legal terms. As a result of our research, we expect that general users who don't have professional legal background can conveniently and efficiently retrieve the legal information using everyday words.

The Study on the Legal Improvement for Fire Protection in Wooden Architectural Heritage (목조건축 문화재의 화재방호를 위한 법규 개선에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Dong Cheol;Roh, Sam Kew;Ham, Eun Gu
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.19-26
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    • 2015
  • This study covers securing legal systems and institutions regarding the standards for installing fire prevention facilities to prevent fire on wooden architectural heritage. Conflicts among relevant laws were revealed and problems related to fire prevention performance, technical standards, responsibilities, etc. in the process of establishing legal fire prevention equipment and the equipment for self-extinguishing were identified through pondering over current legal systems of fire prevention facilities. To resolve the problems, at least the principle to preserve original shapes of wooden architectural heritage should be secured even though fire prevention facilities are installed and the installation process should be regulated by laws considering features of fire on wooden architectural heritage so that fire prevention performance can be guaranteed. The directions to improve installing system through legalization of design, construction, and audit review institutions and legalization of the technical standards for fire prevention facilities were suggested to guarantee performance when establishing fire prevention facilities for wooden architectural heritage.

An Inquiry of properness and Legal Bases about the Embalming in Korea (엠바밍(Embalming)의 법률적 상당성에 관한 연구)

  • Hwang, Kyu-Sung;Jin, Sang-Myoung;Kim, James;Kim, Jeong-Lae
    • The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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    • v.2 no.3
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    • pp.9-14
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    • 2016
  • Embalming is process of chemically treating a dead body to reduce growth of microorganisms and retard organic decomposition. Embalming is contemporary preservation and includes skin incision and preservative fluid injection of blood vessels. That the preparation, embalming and final disposition of a dead body should be attended with appropriate legal bases and properness, having due regard and respect for the care of the human body. The necessity of embalming on legal base is present but it has not been studied in Korea. We propose the legal bases about the embalming that is based on the related law associated a dead body in Korea. We aim to have legal reason for the embalming and embalmer.

Tax Judgment Analysis and Prediction using NLP and BiLSTM (NLP와 BiLSTM을 적용한 조세 결정문의 분석과 예측)

  • Lee, Yeong-Keun;Park, Koo-Rack;Lee, Hoo-Young
    • Journal of Digital Convergence
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    • v.19 no.9
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    • pp.181-188
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    • 2021
  • Research and importance of legal services applied with AI so that it can be easily understood and predictable in difficult legal fields is increasing. In this study, based on the decision of the Tax Tribunal in the field of tax law, a model was built through self-learning through information collection and data processing, and the prediction results were answered to the user's query and the accuracy was verified. The proposed model collects information on tax decisions and extracts useful data through web crawling, and generates word vectors by applying Word2Vec's Fast Text algorithm to the optimized output through NLP. 11,103 cases of information were collected and classified from 2017 to 2019, and verified with 70% accuracy. It can be useful in various legal systems and prior research to be more efficient application.

KAB: Knowledge Augmented BERT2BERT Automated Questions-Answering system for Jurisprudential Legal Opinions

  • Alotaibi, Saud S.;Munshi, Amr A.;Farag, Abdullah Tarek;Rakha, Omar Essam;Al Sallab, Ahmad A.;Alotaibi, Majid
    • International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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    • v.22 no.6
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    • pp.346-356
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    • 2022
  • The jurisprudential legal rules govern the way Muslims react and interact to daily life. This creates a huge stream of questions, that require highly qualified and well-educated individuals, called Muftis. With Muslims representing almost 25% of the planet population, and the scarcity of qualified Muftis, this creates a demand supply problem calling for Automation solutions. This motivates the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to solve this problem, which requires a well-designed Question-Answering (QA) system to solve it. In this work, we propose a QA system, based on retrieval augmented generative transformer model for jurisprudential legal question. The main idea in the proposed architecture is the leverage of both state-of-the art transformer models, and the existing knowledge base of legal sources and question-answers. With the sensitivity of the domain in mind, due to its importance in Muslims daily lives, our design balances between exploitation of knowledge bases, and exploration provided by the generative transformer models. We collect a custom data set of 850,000 entries, that includes the question, answer, and category of the question. Our evaluation methodology is based on both quantitative and qualitative methods. We use metrics like BERTScore and METEOR to evaluate the precision and recall of the system. We also provide many qualitative results that show the quality of the generated answers, and how relevant they are to the asked questions.