• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.1299-1303
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• 2018

This study was conducted to evaluate the growth performance of broilers fed different levels of Hermetia illucens powder. A total of 400 broiler chicks (1-day old Arbor Acres) were fed commercial diets containing H. illucens powder at 0%, 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1% with four replicates (25 chicks per replicate), for 35 days. Weight gain in broilers fed diets containing different levels of H. illucens powder increased significantly at 28 and 35 days, compared with that of the control (p<0.05). However, feed intake and mortality showed no differences among the treatments as a function of time. At 21, 28, and 35 days, broilers fed different levels of H. illucens powder had lower feed conversion rates (p<0.05) than their counterparts fed the control diet. In conclusion, 0.5% H. illucens powder is the optimal level for improved weight gain and feed conversion.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.52-58
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• 2018

In reliability based design and assessment (RBDA) methodology, reliability targets are used to ensure that safety levels are met relevant limit states in the stage of design and maintenance. The target reliability for flammable gas pipelines have not been developed yet in Korea. Instead of the reliability targets, the tolerable criteria for risk measures such as societal and individual risk have been applied in pipeline risk management. This paper introduces the procedures to develop the target reliability using tolerable risk criteria for societal and individual risk which can be enforced for high pressure natural gas pipelines in quantitative risk assessment. In addition, we propose the target reliability for natural gas and hydrogen gas transmission pipelines by the procedures.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.114-120
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• 2019

In the case of being contaminated with pathogenic Vibrio, shellfish pose a serious threat for public health. This study was conducted to investigate the presence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus in the seawater, bottom deposit and shellfish samples collected from the Gomso Bay, west coast of Korea. V. parahaemolyticus (30-80 CFU/g) was detected from seawater Jul. to Oct. and highest at Sep. V. parahaemolyticus was detected less than 10 CFU/g from seawater at Nov. with $14.6^{\circ}C$ of seawater temperature. V. parahaemolyticus (180-1,850 CFU/g) was detected more than 100 CFU/g from 3 kinds of shellfish, Short-necked clam Ruditapes philippinarum, Corb shell Cyclina sinensis, and Surf clam Mactra veneriformis, Jul. to Oct. and was highest in Surf clam at Oct. V. parahaemolyticus was detected less than 20 CFU/g from all tested shellfish at Nov. V. vulnificus (1.8-2.7 MPN/100 mL) was detected from seawater Jul. to Oct. and was not detected at Nov. V. vulnificus (18-236.7 MPN/100 g) was also detected from 3 kinds of shellfish Jul. to Oct. and was highest in Corb shell at Jul. V. vulnificus was not detected from all tested shellfish at Nov.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.179-188
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• 2018

A new style of panel-type reinforced earth wall is a more integrated structure by connecting the geosynthetic strip reinforcement with a folding groove directly to the front panel through C-shaped insertion hole embedded in the panel. In this study, field measurements were conducted on two reinforced earth walls constructed at different sites to assess the field applicability and structural stability of the new style of panel-type reinforced earth wall. The horizontal displacement of the front panel, tensile deformation of the geosynthetic strip reinforcement, and horizontal earth pressure acting on the panel were measured and analyzed through the field measurements. According to the field measurements, after completion of the reinforced earth wall construction, the maximum horizontal earth pressure applied to the front panel was less than two-thirds of the Rankine earth pressure, and the maximum horizontal displacement of the front panel was less than 0.5% of the wall height, and the maximum tensile strain generated on the reinforcement was less than 1.0%. Therefore, it was found that two reinforced earth walls constructed at different sites remained stable.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.217-222
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• 2018

Phagocytosis is a fundamental process in which phagocytes capture and ingest foreign particles including pathogenic bacteria. Several oral pathogens have anti-phagocytic strategies, which allow them to escape from and survive in phagocytes. Impaired bacteria phagocytosis increases inflammation and contributes to inflammatory diseases. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influences of various agents on oral pathogenic phagocytosis. To determine phagocytosis, Streptococcus mutans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis were stained with 5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE), and was measured using flowcytometery and confocal microscopy. The influencing factors on phagocytosis were evaluated through the pretreatment of ROS inhibitor (N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC)), lysozyme, potassium chloride (KCI) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in THP-1 cells. Expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The phagocytosis of various bacteria increased in a MOI-dependent manner. Among the tested bacteria, phagocytosis of P. gingivalis showed the highest fluorescent intensity at same infection time. Among the tested inhibitors, the NAC treatment significantly inhibited phagocytosis in all tested bacteria. In addition, NAC treatment indicated a similar pattern under the confocal microscopy. Moreover, NAC treatment significantly increased the bacteria-induced secretion of $IL-1{\beta}$ among the tested inhibitors. Taken together, we conclude that the phagocytosis occurs differently depending on each bacterium. Down-regulation by ROS production inhibited phagocytosis and lead increased of oral pathogens-associated inflammation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.807-812
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• 2018

In this study, we investigated the conditions used in setting the recommendation level of general radiography diagnostic reference and tried to evaluate the effective dose and biological evaluation using PCXMC v2.0 program. As a result based on the effective dose of male in ICRP 60, the highest Pelvis AP was 0.794 mSv. The lowest Chest PA was 0.050 mSv. In the case of ICRP 103, the highest T-Spine AP was 0.906 mSv The lowest Chest PA was 0.052 mSv. For 40 years old male and female adults, effective doses of general radiography were evaluated and even if the medical exposures are not subject to the limit of dose, efforts should be made to reduce the medical exposures of the people by keeping the dose below the recommended amount in order to minimize the probable effect of radiation hazard.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.241-248
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• 2019

Background: Heatstroke is one of the most serious heat-related illnesses. However, establishing public policies to prevent heatstroke remains a challenge. This study aimed to investigate the most relevant climate elements and their warning criteria to prevent outdoor heatstroke (OHS). Methods: We investigated heatstroke patients from five major hospitals in Daegu metropolitan city, Korea, from June 1 to August 31, 2011 to 2016. We also collected the corresponding regional climate data from Korea Meteorological Administration. We analyzed the relationship between the climate elements and OHS occurrence by logistic regression. Results: Of 70 patients who had heatstroke, 45 (64.3%) experienced it while outdoors. Considering all climate elements, only mean heat index (MHI) was related with OHS occurrence (p=0.019). Therefore, the higher the MHI, the higher the risk for OHS (adjusted odds ratio, 1.824; 95% confidence interval, 1.102-3.017). The most suitable cutoff point for MHI by Youden's index was $30.0^{\circ}C$ (sensitivity, 77.4%; specificity, 73.7%). Conclusion: Among the climate elements, MHI was significantly associated with OHS occurrence. The optimal MHI cutoff point for OHS prevention was $30.0^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2019

Numerous studies have reported that enteric neurons involved in controlling neurotransmitter secretion and motility in the gut critically contribute to the progression of gut inflammation. Clostridium difficile toxins, which cause severe colonic inflammation, are also known to affect enteric neurons. Our previous study showed that C. difficile toxin A directly induces neural cell toxicities, such as viability loss and apoptosis. In the current study, we attempted to identify a potent inhibitor of toxin A-induced neural cell toxicity that may aid in managing toxin A-induced gut inflammation. In our recent study, we found that the Korea dung beetle-derived antimicrobial peptide CopA3 completely blocked neural cell apoptosis caused by okadaic acid or 6-OHDA. Here, we examined whether the antimicrobial peptide CopA3 inhibited toxin A-induced neural cell damage. In neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, CopA3 treatment protected against both apoptosis and viability loss caused by toxin A. CopA3 also completely inhibited activation of the pro-apoptotic factor, caspase-3. Additionally, CopA3 rescued toxin A-induced downregulation of neural cell proliferation. However, CopA3 had no effect on signaling through ROS/p38 $MAPK/p27^{kip1}$, suggesting that CopA3 inhibits toxin A-induced neural cell toxicity independent of this well-characterized toxin A pathway. Our data further suggest that ability of CopA3 to rescue toxin A-induced neural cell damage may also ameliorate the gut inflammation caused by toxin A.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.172-179
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of virtual reality game based training on balance and upper limb function in subacute stroke patients. Thirty patients with subacute stroke were randomly assigned to experimental groups(n=15) and control groups(n=15) applying virtual reality game-based training programs. Intervention is applied three times a week for 6 weeks, 30 minutes for 1 time. In the study group, there was a significant improvement in balance ability, upper extremity function, and trunk impairment scale(p<.05), and the difference between the two groups was significant in the BBS, TUG, TIS(p<.05). Based on these results, the virtual reality game based training program is clinically useful exercise program for subacute stroke patients.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.19-28
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• 2018

The progressive collapse resistance performance of a steel structure constructed using the moment frame with the WUF-B connection and the composite slabs was evaluated. GSA 2003 was adapted for the evaluation. Additionally the structural robustness and the sensitivity against the progressive collapse were analyzed. In the numerical analysis, a reduced model comprised of the beam and spring elements for WUF-B connection was adapted. The composite slab was modeled using the composite-shell element. Instead of the time-consuming dynamic analysis for the effect of the sudden column removal, the equivalent energy-based static analysis was effectively applied. The analysis results showed that the structure was the most vulnerable to in the case of the internal column removal, however it satisfied the chord rotation criterion of GSA 2003 due to the contribution of the composite slab which improved the stiffness of structure. In the robustness evaluation, the structural performance showed more than 2.5 times of the requirement according to GSA 2003, and the structural sensitivity analysis indicated the decrease of 33% of the initial structural performance.