• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.2589-2594
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• 2009

Aging phenomena of plasma polymer films were studied by using the surface analysis techniques of contact angle measurement, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOFSIMS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The polymer films were grown on an aluminum substrate by using a plasma polymerization method from a gas mixture of acetylene and helium, and the films were subsequently modified to have a hydrophilic surface by oxygen plasma treatment. Aging of the polymer films was examined by exposing the samples to water and air environments. The aging process increased the hydrophobicity of the surface, as revealed by an increase in the advancing contact angle of water. XPS analysis showed that the population of oxygen-containing polar groups increased due to the uptake of oxygen during the aging, whereas TOF-SIMS analysis revealed a decrease in the polar group population in the uppermost surface layer. The results suggest that the change in surface property from hydrophilic to hydrophobic nature results from the restructuring of polymer chains near the surface, rather than compositional change of the surface. Oxidative degradation may enhance the mobility and the restructuring process of polymer chains.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.61 no.6
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• pp.585-590
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• 2006

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are abnormal direct communications between the pulmonary arteries and veins. PAVMs may occur as either an isolated abnormality or in association with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, also called Osler-Weber-Rendu disease. The topic of PAVM has recently been extensively reviewed, but little is known about the clinical characteristics and course of patients having a diffuse pattern of the disease. Herein, is reported a case of unilateral diffuse PAVM in an 18 year old female patient, who underwent a right pneumonectomy, under a video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) approach, as the diffuse small pulmonary arteriovenous malformation involved the whole right lung.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Rural Health Nursing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.5-12
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence of clonorchiais and analyze the knowledge level and intention of the participants to change their behavior related to clonorchiais. Method: The participants were 514 people from 7 community health posts along the Geum River. The formalin-esther sedimentation technique was used to detect the Clonorchis Sinensis (CS) eggs and a questionnaire for data on related factors. The study was carried on from December 2008 to January 2009. Results: The prevalence of CS averaged 9.3%, with a range from 0% to 24.6%. The significant factors were sex, habit of eating raw fish, and habit related to smoking and alcohol consumption. The level of knowledge was not high and not significantly different between the CS positive group and CS negative group. Intention to change their habits of eating raw fish showed various stages of change and attitudes to raw fish eating habit of others were not positive. Conclusions: These results suggest that a CS control program needs to be developed by community health services in the Geum River area to decrease the prevalence of clonorchiais.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.197-203
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• 2008

This study analyzed the characteristics of sea water transport between Busan New-port and the Nakdong River estuary. Numerical modeling was used to evaluate the characteristics of the tidal current. Numerical simulations of three different topographies were conducted. The results are summarized as follows: 1) The volume of sea water transport was reduced by $0.7{\sim}18.4%$ when water depth was decreased at Busan New-port (10 m); 2) The volume of sea water transport was increased by $3.5{\sim}21.9%$ when a channel (depth 5 m) was constructed in the direction of the Nakdong River estuary.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.224-227
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• 2009

Nanofabrication is an essential process throughout industry. Technologies that produce general nanofabrication, such as e-beam lithography, dip-pen lithography, DUV lithography, immersion lithography, and laser interference lithography, have drawbacks including complicated processes, low throughput, and high costs, whereas nano-transfer printing (nTP) is inexpensive, simple, and can produce patterns on non-plane substrates and multilayer structures. In general nTP, the coherency of gold-deposited stamps is strengthened by using SAM treatment on substrates, so the gold patterns are transferred from stamps to substrates. However, it is hard to apply to transfer other metallic materials, and the existing nTP process requires a complicated surface treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to simplify the nTP technology to obtain an easy and simple method for fabricating metal patterns. In this paper, asnTP process with poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) mold was proposed without any chemical treatment. At first, a PVA mold was duplicated from the master mold. Then, a Mo layer, with a thickness of 20 nm, was deposited on the PVA mold. The Mo deposited PVA mold was put on the Si wafer substrate, and nTP process progressed. After the nTP process, the PVA mold was removed using DI water, and transferred Mo nano patterns were characterized by a Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) and Energy Dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2013

We studied the anti-oxidant and anti-aging activities of Sericinjam Gland Hydrolysate (SJGH) in the human dermal fibroblasts. SJGH effectively defended cell death and ROS generation under high H2O2 in human dermal fibroblasts. Moreover SJGH reduced the expression of SA-${\beta}$-Gal and MMP-1 under low concentration of $H_2O_2$ whereas biosynthesis of procollagen-I was increased. This results demonstrate the anti-oxidant and anti-aging activities of SJGH. SJGH could be a good candidate for anti-aging cosmetics ingredient.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.181-186
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• 2017

In recent years, robots have been actively used for children's creativity learning and play, but most robots have a stereotyped form and have a high dependency on the program, making it difficult to learn creativity and play. In order to compensate for these drawbacks, We have created a robot that can easily and reliably combine each other. The robot can memorize the desired operation and execute the memorized operation by using one button. Also, in case multiple modules are combined, pressing the button once on any module makes it possible to easily adjust the operation of all the combined modules. In order to verify the actual operation, two, three, and five modules are combined to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed structure and algorithm by implementing a gobbling motion and a walking robot. It is required to study intelligent modular robots that can control over the Internet by supplementing the wireless connection method.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.49-55
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• 2012

Background and Objectives This study was conducted to gather three dimensional images from computed tomogram in detecting and gaining information about fish bones. Materials and Methods Thirty-nine fish bones and 2 chicken leg bones were used. Bones sandwiched between the cotton sheets were placed into the 3 plastic boxes. Computed tomogram of the bones in the boxes were reconstructed three-dimensionally by Xelis (Infinitt, Korea) to make images of MPR, MIP and VR images. The images were compared with real chicken bones and fish bones as to possibility of detection, finding of location and orientation, and evaluation of shape and calculation of size. Results All 41 bones were detected in all reconstructed images. Distance to the bones from reference point can be measured and orientation can be checked. Shapes were similar between matched images of all real bones. Conclusion The results indicate the usefulness of 3D reconstruction technique in getting informations about fish bones.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.155-160
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• 2010

The effect of process temperature of a final annealing step in the fabrication of phase change memory (PCM) devices was investigated. Discrete PCM devices employing $Ge_2Sb_2Te_5$ (GST) films as an active element were made in a pore-style configuration, and they were annealed at various temperatures ranging from 160 to $300^{\circ}C$. The behaviors of cell resistance change from SET resistance to RESET resistance were totally different according to the annealing temperatures. There was a critical annealing temperature for the fabrication of normal PCM devices and abnormal operations were observed in some devices annealed at temperatures lower or higher than the critical temperature. Those influences of annealing temperature seem closely related to the thermal stability of a top electrode/GST/heating layer multilayer structure in the PCM devices.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.115-125
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to investigate the protective activities of daidzin, daidzein, genistein or puerarin, active isoflavonoids of Puerariae Radix, on the hepatocyte injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl$_4$, 10 mM), tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBH, 0.5 mM) and D-galactosamine (GalN, 30 mM). Primary cultures of rat hepatocytes (18 hr cultured) were treated with CCl$_4$, TBH or GalN and various concentrations (0.1, 1, 10 and 100 ${\mu}$M) of daidzin, daidzein, genistein or puerarin. CCl$_4$ significantly increased the levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). The increase in LDH level was attenuated by daidzein, genistein and puerarin. Puerarin also inhibited the increase in AST level induced by CCl$_4$. The increases in LDH and ALT levels induced by TBH were significantly attenuated by daidzin and genistein treatments. GalN markedly increased the levels of LDH, ALT and AST These increases were significantly attenuated by daidzein. Daidzin also inhibited the increases in LDH and AST levels induced by GalN. The increases in LDH and ALT levels were attenuated by genistein and puerarin, respectively. These results suggest that daidzin and daidzein possess hepatoprotective activities.