• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.27-31
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• 2013

The structure of a variable liquid column oscillator(VLCO) is analogous to that of the tuned liquid column damper used to suppress oscillatory motion in large structures like tall buildings and cargo ships. The VLCO is a system for absorbing the high kinetic energy of the accelerated motions of multiple floating bodies using an air-spring effect produced the installation of inner air chambers. Thus, a VLCO can improve the energy efficiency of the activating object type of wave energy converters made by the Pelamis Company. In this research, an experiment was performed in two cases: with the top valves closed and open. The floating bodies were connected by hinges. The effect of the internal flow was estimated by comparing the results for the closed and open valves.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.129-131
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this report is to present a case of persistent parotid fistula treated successfully with preoperative botulinum toxin type A injection into the parotid parenchyma, followed by fistulectomy. Methods: A 72-year-old female patient presented to the hospital with a 5-month history of clear, watery discharge from a tiny opening on the left cheek, which increased during food intake. A chemistry test of the fluid revealed an high amylase level. An ultrasonography of left parotid gland showed a $1.13{\times}0.6cm$ sized fistula. After demarcating the left parotid gland with assistance of ultrasonography, a total 40 units of botulinum toxin type A (Botox, Allergan, Irvine, CA) was injected into 4 subdivisions of the left parotid gland. The clear serous discharge ceased completely on the 5th day after botulinum toxin injection. On the 7th day, a fistulectomy was performed under the local anesthesia. Results: The parotid fistula healed completely without complications. During the 6-month follow up period, there was no discharge from the cheek. Conclusion: On the basis of our experience with type A botulinum toxin as a local anticholinergic agent in treating parotid fistula, preoperative botulinum toxin A injection seems to be very useful to prevent recurrence after fistulectomy.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.52 no.7
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• pp.86-92
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• 2015

This study proposes new LDP code to improve facial expression recognition rate by including local directional number(LDN), edge magnitudes and differences of neighborhood edge intensity. LDP is less sensitive on the change of intensity and stronger about noise than LBP. But LDP is difficult to express the smooth area without changing of intensity and if background image has the similar pattern with a face, the facial expression recognition rate of LDP is low. Therefore, we make the LDP code has the local directional number and the edge strength and experiment the facial expression recognition rate of changed LDP code.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Mechanical Technology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.77-84
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• 2011

Tire manufactures have dealt with noise problem by varying the pitch of the tread. The various formulas for the variations are generally determined differently, however. Often these variations are based on a combination of trial and error, intuition, and economics. Some manufactures have models and analogs to test tread patterns and their variations. These efforts, however practical, do not determine the best variation beforehand or guarantee the best results. For this reason it was felt that a general mathematical approach for determining the best variation was needed. Moreover, the method should be completely general, easy to use, and sufficiently accurate. This paper discusses a mathematical method called Mechanical Frequency Modulation(MFM) which meets the above requirements. Thus, MFM pertains to computing an irregular time sequence of events so that the resulting excitation spectrum is shaped to a preferred form. The first part of this paper treats the theoretical basis for computing an optimum variation ; the second part discusses experimental results and simulation program which corroborate the theory.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.487-491
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• 2016

영산강 섬진강수계는 1999년 한강수계(경기도 7개 시군)에서 임의제로 도입한 이후 2002년 낙동강, 금강수계와 함께 의무제 기반으로 오염총량제를 추진하고 있다. 이에 따라 2004년부터 영산강물환경연구소에서 영산강 섬진강수계의 단위유역 말단 지점의 유량과 수질을 약 8일 간격으로 동시에 측정함으로서 단위유역 내 오염원으로부터 배출된 오염물질이 말단에서 실제 나타나는 오염부하량(유달부하량)의 파악이 가능하게 되었다. 그러나 최근 4대강사업으로 하천의 구조적 수질관리 환경의 커다란 변화가 있어 기존 모니터링지점에 대한 전면적인 재검토가 필요하게 되었다. 본 연구에서는 영산강 섬진강수계의 수질총량측정망 총 56개 지점을 대상으로 설치목적과 선정기준에 대한 적합성평가를 위한 평가기법을 공간적 대표성, 수리학적 안정성, 시간적 대표성, 정보취득 안정성의 4개 특성과 13개 평가부문, 20개 평가항목으로 3단계 평가기법으로 구성하여 개발하였으며 평가 결과, I등급이 29개소(53%), II등급이 25개소(45%), III등급이 2개소(3%)로 평가되었으며, 변경 및 폐쇄 권장에 해당하는 IV~V등급으로 평가된 지점은 없는 것으로 평가되어 대체로 우수한 지점들로 구성되어 있음을 확인하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.448-453
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• 2019

This work reports the electrical characteristics of and temperature distribution in chalcogenide phase change memory (PCM) devices that have a self-aligned structure. GST (Ge-Sb-Te) chalcogenide alloy films were formed in a self-aligned manner by interdiffusion between sputter-deposited Ge and $Sb_2Te_3$ films during thermal annealing. A transmission electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (TEM-EDS) analysis demonstrated that the local composition of the GST alloy differed significantly and that a $Ge_2Sb_2Te_5$ intermediate layer was formed near the $Ge/Sb_2Te_3$ interface. The programming current and threshold switching voltage of the PCM device were much smaller than those of a control device; this implies that a phase transition occurred only in the $Ge_2Sb_2Te_5$ intermediate layer and not in the entire thickness of the GST alloy. It was confirmed by computer simulation, that the localized phase transition and heat loss suppression of the GST alloy promoted a temperature rise in the PCM device.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.306-309
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• 2009

MANET(Mobile Ad-hoc Network)은 기간망에 의존하지 않는 이동 노드들로 구성된 자율망 또는 추론망 토폴로지에 의한 멀티홉 무선 네트워크이다. MANET을 구성하는 각 노드의 이동성, 속도 그리고 에너지와 같은 다양한 속성정보는 망의 특징과 운영을 결정하는 요인이다. 특히 망의 운영상, 전송 대역폭과 에너지 사용에 따른 제약을 가지며 이러한 특징을 고려한 라우팅 프로토콜의 설계 및 하드웨어 개발이 중요하게 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 계층적 클러스터 구조의 MANET 환경에서 노드의 에너지 속성과 네트워크의 트래픽 상태를 고려한 적응적 시간차 노드관리 기법인 ATICC(Adaptive Time Interval Clustering Control)을 제안한다. 제안된 ATICC은 시간차 노드 관리기법인 TICC(Time Interval Clustering Control)[1]에 기반하며 노드에 최적화된 Active/Sleep, Idle Listening 상태를 적응적으로 설정한 후 패킷을 전송함으로서 계층적 클러스터 내의 각 노드의 균형적인 에너지 소모를 이루는 에너지 효율적인 방식이다. 제안한 노드관리 방법은 기존의 LEACH, TICC과 비교 실험하고 그 성능을 검증하였다. 실험 결과, 제안한 노드관리 방법이 노드별 에너지 소모량을 줄였으며 전체 네트워크의 생존시간을 연장함으로서 기존의 방법 보다 우수함을 확인하였다.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.11-17
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• 2016

Currently, the number of a shopping center building is increasing because most people want to go a shopping center building easily for buying many things and eating some foods. That are a normal trend these days. However, the increasing number of shopping center buildings has been increasing the number of shopping center building fires which also have been making social problems. Therefore, this study was conducted for the fire department connection among other fire facilities because it is important for fire suppression. The research subject is on the fire department connections that are on 70 shopping center buildings of more than 5 years old constructed. Survey and analysis were conducted for 70 fire department connections. The result of this study is that all installed fire department connections have a type that includes one or two holes each at 65mm wide, and the average distance between fire department connections and access roads is 4.85m. The total average percentage of insufficiency conditions such as drive ways for fire trucks, visibility, accessibility, pressure range sign, installed height, cover of the hole, etc. is 45.3%. So improvement of law and systems, that are fire facility construction and maintenance implementations, will be needed in my opinion.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.66-75
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• 2021

In 2014, fishes caught using stow nets in coastal waters off Gochang from May to October were assessed for appearance patterns. The fishes were caught at four research stations (St.) and were found to comprise 37 species, 18 families, and 7 orders. The dominant species were Thryssa kammalensis, Setipinna tenuifilis, and Sardinella zunasi. To gain a measure of their biodiversity, all species were assessed for their number, richness, diversity, evenness, and dominance. The highest and lowest numbers of total fishes caught were recorded in September (4,819 individuals) and October (828 individuals), respectively. The diversity was the highest in October (H' = 2.478) and lowest in June (H' = 0.880). The evenness index was the highest in October (E = 0.780) and lowest in June (E = 0.343). The richness index was the highest in October (R = 3.424) and lowest in May (R = 1.552). Finally, the dominance index was the highest in June (D = 86.2%) and lowest in October (D = 40.3%).

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.280-284
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• 2021

Primary cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (PCMZL) is an uncommon type of malignant lymphoma that mainly occurs in the trunk and upper extremity, with less frequent incidence observed on the head. Herein, we report the early diagnosis and treatment of a rare case of facial PCMZL in an Asian patient. A 51-year-old man presented with masses on the forehead and nose tip, which he had incidentally discovered 2 months previously. The masses appeared as a papule on the forehead and a patch on the nose. There were no signs of infection or bleeding, and the patient reported no other symptoms. After complete surgical excision, PCMZL was diagnosed based on the permanent biopsy. The histopathological findings revealed lymphoid aggregations with multifocal granulomas. Further treatment and follow-up were conducted at the hematology and oncology department. Despite its rarity in Asian populations, cutaneous lymphoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of facial masses. Early diagnosis and treatment based on a physical examination, imaging study, and excisional biopsy are important for a favorable prognosis.