• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.618-625
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• 2008

Advanced Phase Isolation Ditch (APID) process was studied to develop economic retrofitting technology, for the plants where retrofitting of common activated sludge process is required. In this study, to evaluate the effluent BOD, SS, T-N, and T-P concentrations as process capable and stable parameters for treating municipal wastewater, a demonstration plant was installed and operated in the existing sewage treatment plant of P city. During this study, the average effluent BOD, SS, T-N, and T-P concentrations were 4.56, 5.20, 9.30, and 1.75 mg/L at the conventional mode and 3.95, 3.17, 7.65, and 1.18 mg/L at the modified mode. The modified mode (BOD: 3.69, SS: 3.19, T-N: 1.27, and T-P: 0.69) increased the process capability more than the conventional mode (BOD: 1.80, SS: 1.05, T-N: 2.17, and T-P: 0.15) in this study. If process capability over 1.0, this process is capable and stable to treat wastewater. Therefore, newly developed APID process with modified intermittent aeration mode can be one of the useful processes for stable organic matter and nutrients removal.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.53-63
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• 2012

Korean Public-Private Partnership, mainly implemented using BTO (Build-Transfer-Operate) and BTL (Build-Transfer-Lease) methods, has contributed in increasing benefits of the people by providing the needed public services in a timely and efficient manner. It has also induced flexible national fiscal management. However, in addition to the repeal of the Minimum Revenue Guarantee (MRG) program in 2009, changes in business environment including recent financial crisis aggravated financial situation in pursing PPPs, resulting in significant contraction of BTO projects. Therefore, the new methods are to be suggested and applied to overcome this situation. This paper seeks to find ways to apply "Mixed Model," characterized as the compound of BTO and BTL, two different implementation methods of PPPs, as an enhanced burden-sharing mechanism.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2015

The accurate estimation of construction cost is critical for effective budgeting and financing of the project. Accurate estimates also allow for informed decisions when considering the responsiveness of bids or proposals and for a contractor to better monitor construction progress. However, current method for construction cost of the public educational facility uses a basic criteria in Korea, e.g, construction cost per unit floor area. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine present architectural work cost rate of elementary, middle, and high school delivered by BTL(Build-Transfer-Lease). We examined real construction cost of educational facility according to level of school, such as elementary, middle, and high school. The examination revealed that unit price of BTL educational construction cost are different to the level of school, but the composing rate of architectural work cost of the educational facility are very similar. As a result, it is recommended that future researches are initiated to create specific methods to support the accurate cost estimation of educational facility.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2002

In Distributed Batch-processing Systems (DBSs), CPU-intensive jobs are automatically transferred and executed using idle computers across a network, there by increasing the resource usage and throughput. To be successful, the systems must guarantee the scalablility, fault-tolerance, and flexibility of dynamic configurations. In practice, however, it is very difficult to provide such capabilities in a non-deterministic environment in which the available set of resources is unpredictable because of network failures, computer failures, or voluntary withdrawal from a pool by a machine owner. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of the J-JDBS (Jini-based Java Distributed Batch-processing System) system which is based on the core Jini services like Discovery service, Lookup service, Lease service and etc. We show that the Jini core services can be very effectively used to build reliable, scalallle, fault-tolerant, and flexible DBS systems with little effort.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.157-166
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• 2013

Unlike conventional BTO(Build-Transfer-Operate) projects, this BTL project aims at fixing the financial deficiencies of the government and expanding infrastructure through private capital. It allows the government to attract private capital for the construction of public facilities such as schools and social welfare agencies for whom private users don't need to pay, thereby bolstering national finance. BTL projects are causing a variety problems in progress. Therefore, we are required a practical approach to can improving a variety problems. In this study, we were derive the problem areas as follow. First, research data on the problem of domestic BTL projects, Second, high-performing foreign data analysis than domestic. And, we were analyzed to systematic management method for problem areas by using affinity techniques, matrix comparison analysis, AHP technique. Results of this study are expected provide management standards through real problem areas and the analyzing of relatively importance.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.65-81
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• 2023

In recent times, there has been a surge in media coverage regarding fraudulent real estate lease scams. These scams have been attributed to speculators who made imprudent gap investments, in response to the sudden decline in real estate prices. The government has established new measures to safeguard tenants and prevent fraudulent real estate lease schemes in response to the growing incidence of tenants falling victim to such scams. Although there have been active research efforts on laws and regulations aimed at protecting tenants, such as the Tenant Protection Act and leasehold registration orders, there is an urgent need for research on the consistency of information across public ledgers, as real estate fraud has surged due to information asymmetry among these ledgers. This study aims to explore matching methodologies using matching keys for building information from real estate-related public ledgers, such as the building register and the road name address ledger, as well as to examine ways to integrate these ledgers with other public ledgers.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.173-180
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• 2024

Along with its importance, the real estate market poses risks of various fraudulent activities. Recently, a surge in real estate-related scams, such as lease fraud, has caused great financial damage to many ordinary people. These problems are often caused by the complexity of real estate transactions and information imbalance. Therefore, there is an urgent need to secure reliability and improve transparency in the transaction process. In this paper, to solve this real estate fraud problem, we propose a chatbot system using digital technology and artificial intelligence, especially GPT (Generative Pre-Trained Transformer). This system serves to protect users from fraud by providing them with precautions and confirmations in the lease transaction process. In addition, GPT-based chatbots respond to questions from users in time, contributing to reducing uncertainty in the transaction process and increasing reliability.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.34-42
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• 2007

The investment of BTL(Build-Transfer-Lease) projects for the educational facilities has been increased since 2005. However, many trial errors and problems have been occurring due to the lack of inspection criteria in maintenance cost for the lift cycle of the facilities. Thus, purpose of this study is to derive regression equation for the daily inspection and the regular inspection through analysis of CAD data in order to set the inspection criteria. It is possible to calculate economical maintenance cost of BTL project in educational facilities using criteria of inspection time through the regression equation developed in this study.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.50-57
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• 2014

The educational facilities is the facility wining the specific gravity which is the most abundant by 269s (25.5%) among the godfather lease application facilities (1056)s of the abolition of school. In case of reusing the closing down a school as the educational facilities there is no legal matter which is under the separate punishment in comparison with the other facility according to the materials of the Ministry of Environment in 2013, and I am analyze that minimum cost is spent on a remodeling and it is most much used. The pattern study thinks about a purpose with the master plan through the plan characteristic derivation according to the analysis of current situation of the domestic closing down a school application educational facilities in which the related study is nonexistent and type in the educational facilities plan of the closing down a school still afterward in being utilized for reference data and guide book.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.5-13
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• 2013

BTL business-related systems were developed by the Ministry of Education, Korea Development Institute, Korea Education Development Institute. These systems were effectively support to BTL projects schools that expanding in size. However, compatibility of information is difficult between systems that specific information system developed for the purpose of functional redundancy. In this study, operational readiness, facility management, operations and the assessment phase are divided in the BTL school projects process. And the business functions were analyzed in the related systems. In addition, we are contributed to improve standards and the school BTL business processes to improve the reliability of the process.