• Title/Summary/Keyword: Leaf vegetables

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Vitamin U in Medicinal Food Plants

  • Kim Gun-Hee
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition Conference
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    • 2004.11a
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    • pp.224-231
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    • 2004
  • Vitamin U levels in 26 kinds of food plants are well known to healthy vegetables in Asian or Western countries were determined. Spinach showed the highest level of 452.04 mg/kg and in order Pack-choi (343.18 mg/kg) > Kale (234.18 mg/kg) > Somssukbujaengi (197.66 mg/kg) > leaf mustard (196.21 mg/kg) > aralia bud (192.50 mg/kg)> broccoli (189.03 mg/kg) >Asparagus (187.35 mg/kg). Among Korean wild medicinal plants, Sumssukbujaengi showed the highest value followed by Sanmanul (a kind of wild garlic) level of 143.46 mg/kg. For Chinese cabbages and cabbages, vitamin U showed different levels according to the parts of plant such as core, middle, outward leaves. In both samples, middle parts of leaves including midribs contained the highest level of vitamin U. The level of vitamin U was dependent on the part of the plant sample and cultivars. Leaf parts of turnip and white radish showed higher value of 84.82 mg/kg and 124.62 mg/kg than those of roots which were in order of middle (112.39 mg/kg), top (84.84 mg/kg) and bottom (84.61 mg/kg) portions in the white radish. In the analysis of amino acids, we didn't find either distinctive relationship between methionine and vitamin U synthesis or significant connection various free amino acids and vitamin U level in food plants.

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Newly Recorded Problematic Plant Diseases in Korea and Their Causal Pathogens

  • Kwon, Jin-Hyeuk
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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    • 2003.10a
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    • pp.25-27
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    • 2003
  • Since 1993, a total of 50 problematic plant diseases unrecorded in Korea were surveyed in Gyeongnam province. Totally 34 new host plants to corresponding pathogens investigated in this study were 5 fruit trees, 9 vegetables, 12 ornamental plants, 3 industrial crops, and 5 medicinal plants. Among the newly recorded fruit tree diseases, fruit rot of pomegranate caused by Coniella granati and Rhizopus soft rot of peach caused by Rhizopus nigricans damaged severely showing 65.5% and 82.4% infection rate. Among the vegetable diseases, corynespora leaf spot of pepper caused by Corynespora cassiicola and the crown gall of pepper caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens, powdery mildew of tomato caused by Oidiopsis taurica were the most severe revealing 47.6%, 84.7%, and 54.5% infection rate in heavily infected fields, respectively. In ornamental plants, collar rot of lily caused by Sclerotium rolfsii, gray mold of primula caused by Botrytis cinerea, soot leaf blight of dendrobium caused by Pseudocercospora dendrobium, sclerotinia rot of obedient plant caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum showed 32.7 to 64.8% disease incidence. On three industrial plants such as sword bean, broad bean, and cowpea, eight diseases were firstly found in this study. Among the diseases occurring on broad bean, rust caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae and red spot caused by Botrytis fabae were the major limiting factor for the cultivation of the plant showing over 64% infection rate in fields. In medicinal plants, anthracnose of safflower caused by Collectotrichum acutatum was considered the most severe disease on the plant and followed by collar rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii.(중략)

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Antioxidant Properties of Rajgira (Amaranthus paniculatus) Leaves and Potential Synergy in Chemoprevention

  • Sreelatha, S.;Dinesh, E.;Uma, C.
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.13 no.6
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    • pp.2775-2780
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    • 2012
  • In recent years there has been a substantial increase in the use of functional foods for disease control. Fruits and vegetables produce phytochemicals such as flavonoids and antioxidants which can lower oxidative stress and reduce the risk of chronic ailments like cancer. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antioxidant capacity and the possible protective effects of Amaranthus paniculatus leaves on the antioxidant defense system in Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma (EAC)-treated mice. Oral administration of the leaf extract at different doses caused a significant decrease in tumor volume, viable cell count and tumor weight and elevated the life span of EAC bearing mice. It also showed an improved antioxidant potential as evidenced by a significant increase in the cellular antioxidant defense system such as catalase, superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione and also significantly reduced the levels of TBARS. The levels of RBC, hemoglobin and lymphocyte count were altered in EAC bearing mice and were reverted back to near normal levels after the treatment with the leaf extracts. Their adequate content of total phenolics and flavonoids, DPPH scavenging activity which further suggests that the extracts exert a significant protection against oxidative stress conditions.

The Historical Study of Korean Traditional Funtional Food (한국의 전통적 기능성 식품의 이용에 대한 역사적 고찰)

  • 한복진
    • Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.235-255
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    • 1996
  • Natural substances, exploited in our daily life, have been applied to drugs to treat diseases and developed to functional foods by appropriate preparations, and these foods give beneficial effects on physical activities. In this paper, the utilization of traditional functional foods was studied with refer ring to old ancient writings published in the front-end of Chosun dynasty. The utilized vegetables were march mallow, turnip, radish, Chinese cabbage, lettuce, spinach, cucumber winter buds, flesh of a cabbage, eggplant, taro, burdock, Parsley, watershield plant, crown daisy, bamboo shoots, garlic, scallion, onion, acorn, bark of a tree, white goosefoot leaf, leaf of bean, pine mushroom, bracken. yam, mugwort, tea, ginseng, peppermint, fruit of the Maximowiczia chinensis, smartweed and pepper. The utilized fruits were chestnut, Chinese date, pine nuts, walnut, gingko nut, citrus. crab apple, pear, peach, grape, pomegranate, plum, Chinese quince, fig and watermelon. The utilized cereal were rice, barley, bean, buckweat and Job's-tears. The utilized sweetenings and seasonings were honey, wheat-gluten, sugar, oil, salt, soy sauce and vinegar. Our ancestors had a balanced diet using the various foods, and especially had a fundamental concept of "Foods have the efficacy of a remedy".edy".uot;.

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Occurrence of Squash yellow mild mottle virus and Pepper golden mosaic virus in Potential New Hosts in Costa Rica

  • Castro, Ruth M.;Moreira, Lisela;Rojas, Maria R.;Gilbertson, Robert L.;Hernandez, Eduardo;Mora, Floribeth;Ramirez, Pilar
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • v.29 no.3
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    • pp.285-293
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    • 2013
  • Leaf samples of Solanum lycopersicum, Capsicum annuum, Cucurbita moschata, Cucurbita pepo, Sechium edule and Erythrina spp. were collected. All samples were positive for begomoviruses using polymerase chain reaction and degenerate primers. A sequence of ~1,100 bp was obtained from the genomic component DNA-A of 14 samples. In addition, one sequence of ~580 bp corresponding to the coat protein (AV1) was obtained from a chayote (S. edule) leaf sample. The presence of Squash yellow mild mottle virus (SYMMoV) and Pepper golden mosaic virus (PepGMV) were confirmed. The host range reported for SYMMoV includes species of the Cucurbitaceae, Caricaceae and Fabaceae families. This report extends the host range of SYMMoV to include the Solanaceae family, and extends the host range of PepGMV to include C. moschata, C. pepo and the Fabaceae Erythrina spp. This is the first report of a begomovirus (PepGMV) infecting chayote in the Western Hemisphere.

Occurrence of Virus Diseases on Major Crops in 2010 (2010년 우리나라 주요 작물 바이러스병 발생 상황)

  • Kim, Jeong-Soo;Lee, Su-Heon;Choi, Hong-Soo;Kim, Mi-Kyeong;Kwak, Hae-Ryun;Nam, Mun;Kim, Jeong-Sun;Choi, Gug-Seoun;Cho, Jeom-Deog;Cho, In-Sug;Chung, Bong-Nam
    • Research in Plant Disease
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.334-341
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    • 2011
  • The kinds of crop requested from agricultural actual places of famers, Agricultural extension services and so forth was 8 including red pepper for vegetables, 4 including apple for fruit trees and 6 including chrysanthemum for flowers in 2010. The important vegetables in clinical diagnosis of viral diseases were tomato, watermelon and red pepper having the requested rate of 31.8%, 21.4% and 19.5%, respectively. On fruit trees, grape and apple were most common with the requested rate of 63.6% and 33.0%, orderly. On floral crops, tulip and cactus were damaged by viral diseases with the requested rate of 60.0% and 20.0%, orderly. On peppers and tomatoes, six viruses including Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Broad bean wilt virus 2 (BBWV2) infected. Five viruses including Melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV) and CMV were identified from watermelons. On grapes, six viruses including Grapevine fleck virus (GFkV) infected. CMV was identified from six vegetables including pepper out of 8 kinds of vegetables and tulip plant. Total agents of virus and viroid species were 32 and 4 species, respectively, in 2010. Tomato yellow leaf curl disease by Tomato yellow leaf curl virus and Tobacco yellow leaf curl virus was occurred newly at 18 Si/Gun areas including Buan, Jeonbuk province in 2010 and the total areas were increased up to 58 Si/Gun from the first incidence in 2008. Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) occurred newly at two areas of Jinan, Jeonbuk and Jeju in Jeju province in 2010, and the incidence areas were expanded to 25 Si/Gun areas from severe occurrence at Anyang area in 2004. No incidence of TSWV was recorded only in Gyeongbuk and Chungbuk province. Tomato bushy stunt virus occurred newly at Jinju, Gyeongnam, and it had the total incidence areas of 5 Si/Gun after first observation at Sacheon, Gyeongnam in 2004.

Biological Hazard Analysis of Leaf Vegetables and Fruits According to Types of Cultivation and Distribution Systems (엽채류 및 과채류의 재배유형 및 유통경로별 생물학적 위해요소 조사)

  • Yu, Yong-Man;Youn, Young-Nam;Choi, In-Uk;Yuan, Xianglong;Lee, Young-Ha
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.35-41
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    • 2007
  • As the consumption of environmentally friendly agricultural products increases, food safety is at the forefront of public health concerns. We analyzed the biological hazards of 26 species of leaf vegetables and 4 species of fruit according to types of cultivation (conventional or organic filming) and distribution system (giant retailers or organic food stores) using various culture media, automatic bacterial identification systems, and microscopy, Total bacterial count of unwashed agricultural product ranged from $5.2{\times}10^{3}\;to\;1.5{\times}10^{5}\;CFU/mL$ (from 0.1 g of agricultural products), and the average count dropped 25-fold (range, 8-60-fold) after water washing. Microbial levels of washed organic agricultural products were $6.0{\times}10^{2}-1.9{\times}10^{4}\;CFU/mL$, and were not significantly different f개m the microbial loads on conventionally farmed produce. There was no significant difference in bacterial count from agricultural produce purchased from giant retailers or organic food stores. Total microbial count of Chinese cabbage, welsh onion, red chicory and kale were comparatively high, and Enterobacter cloacae was isolated most frequently. Parasites were detected in agricultural products purchased from conventional farm products in the stores of giant retailers, and in organic food stores, and parasite prevalence was especially high in Chinese cabbages and welsh onion. The study indicated that cultivation methods and distribution systems did not cause significant differences in biological contamination levels of agricultural produce. Some vegetables and fruits were highly contaminated effective sanitizing methods to reduce these biological hazards are needed.

Studies on Composition of Dietary Fiber in Vegetables (한국인 상용 채소류의 식이섬유 조성에 관한 연구)

  • Kye, Soo-Kyung
    • Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.28-41
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    • 2014
  • The distinctive physiological effect of dietary fiber in the body were studied according to contents and characteristics of each fiber component. In the present study, the composition of fiber in vegetables was investigated, and the effect of heat treatments on fiber content was studied. Contents of total pectin were 0.89~2.75 g/100 g on dry weight basis, with most contents from 1~2 g/100 g. The hot water soluble pectin (HWSP) content of vegetables ranged from 0.33~0.98 g/100 g, sodium hexametaphosphate soluble pectin (HXSP), from 0.29~0.81 g/100 g and HCl soluble pectin(HCLSP), from 0.30~1.40 g/100 g. HCLSP showed the greatest variation according to the type of vegetables. Every vegetable types showed similar contents of these three pectic fractions. Fiber contents of vegetables ranged from 8.8~23.8% for cellulose, 0.6~10.6% for hemicellulose, 1.0~5.2% for lignin, 10.9~25.4% for acid detergent fiber (ADF) and 11.8~31.9% for neutral detergent fiber (NDF) on dry weight basis. Especially, peppers showed higher contents of NDF than the other vegetables. It was found that a great portion of NDF, which is total insoluble dietary fiber, was composed of cellulose since cellulose constituted 63% of NDF. Heat treatment reduced total pectin content in all vegetables regardless of the heating methods and the greatest reduction was observed upon boiling. HWSP content increased, whereas HXSP and HCLSP contents decreased. Heat treatment increased the NDF, ADF and cellulose contents, and most changes were due to changes in cellulose content. The values of hemicellulose and lignin showed irregular pattern upon heating. Contents of total dietary fiber (TDF) were 1.20~7.11% on fresh weight basis. Garlic, edible burdock and pepper leaf showed higher contents of TDF than other vegetables. It was found that a great portion of TDF was composed of insoluble dietary fiber.

Hypoglycemic Effects of Fruits and Vegetables in Hyperglycemic Rats for Prevention of Type-2 Diabetes (고혈압쥐의 과일과 야채의 섭취에 따른 저혈당 효과)

  • Survay, Nazneen Shaik;Ko, Eun-Young;Upadhyay, Chandrama Prakash;Jang, Mi;Park, Se-Won;Lee, Dong-Ha;Jung, Yi-Sook;Yoon, Do-Young;Hong, Sae-Jin
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.28 no.5
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    • pp.850-856
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    • 2010
  • An in vivo oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed on hyperglycemic male Sprague-Dawley rats to assess the effect of fruits and vegetables ($1g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ body weight) on blood glucose levels (${\Delta}BGLs$) at different time intervals of 0, 5, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min. The areas under glucose curve (${\Delta}AUCs$) were calculated at 120 min of OGTT by trapezoid method. Total phenolic content (TPC) and anti-oxidant activity (AOA) of fruits and vegetables were assayed in vitro by Folin Ciocalteu and DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) methods, respectively. At the end of the experiment the correlations among the parameters TPC, AOA and ${\Delta}AUC$ was estimated by Pearson's correlations. Among fruit crops, tangerine, plum, grape and pear and among vegetables, blue leaf mustard, cabbage, chicory, broccoli and others exhibited significant hypoglycemic effects by reducing ${\Delta}BGLs$ with significant ${\Delta}AUC$. The effective ${\Delta}AUC$ ranged from $5548.2{\pm}462.1$ to $3823.3{\pm}282.0mg-min{\cdot}dL^{-1}$. The TPC and AOA ranged from $0.063{\pm}0.00$ to $0.913{\pm}0.14mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$ GAE and $01.05{\pm}0.08$ to $75.46{\pm}0.06%$, respectively. Overall, six fruits and fifteen vegetables exhibited higher TPC and one fruit and four vegetables exhibited higher AOA. There was a better correlation among TPC, AOA and ${\Delta}AUC$ of fruits and TPC & AOA of vegetables. We report that hypoglycemically significant fruits and vegetables investigated in this study have pharmacological importance which reduced ${\Delta}BGLs$ through insulin like activity and AOA in prevention of type-2 diabetes.

Investigation of Microbial Contamination Levels of Leafy Greens and Its Distributing Conditions at Different Time - Focused on Perilla leaf and Lettuce - (시기별 엽채류의 미생물 오염도와 유통 조건 조사 - 들깻잎과 상추를 중심으로 -)

  • Kim, Won-Il;Jung, Hyang-Mi;Kim, Se-Ri;Park, Kyeong-Hun;Kim, Byung-Seok;Yun, Jong-Chul;Ryu, Kyoung-Yul
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.277-284
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    • 2012
  • The objective of this study was to investigate and evaluate microbial contamination levels of leafy greens (perilla leaf and lettuce) and its distributing conditions at different seasons (Feb, May, Aug, and Nov of the year 2011) in order to provide insight into any potential health hazards associated with consumption of these commodities. Leafy greens were collected from a farm located in Geumsan, Chungnam and wholesale markets (WM) and traditional markets (TM) located in Suwon. At the same time, temperature and relative humidity fluctuations experienced by the leafy greens during distribution from the farm to the distribution center were measured by a data logger. The contamination levels of perilla leaf and lettuce were determined by analyzing total plate count. Coliform groups, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus were determined. The contamination levels of total aerobic bacteria, coliform groups and B. cereus in both vegetables sampled during May and August found to be higher than those sampled during February and November. E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., L. monocytogenes were not detected in the vegetables analyzed in this study. There were no significant trends between samples at WM and TM in the contamination levels. Relative humidity of vegetables distributed from the farm to the distribution center showed over 90% during distribution regardless of measured seasons. In the case of background microflora on leafy greens, the density was significantly increased at 20, 30 and $37^{\circ}C$ during storage of 24h. E. coli O157:H7 and B. cereus inoculated on the leaves also showed similar increases in the storage tests. The microbial contamination levels determined in this study may be used as the fundamental data for microbial risk assessment.