Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety (한국식품위생안전성학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Hygiene and Safety (한국식품위생안전성학회)
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Investigation of Microbial Contamination Levels of Leafy Greens and Its Distributing Conditions at Different Time - Focused on Perilla leaf and Lettuce -

시기별 엽채류의 미생물 오염도와 유통 조건 조사 - 들깻잎과 상추를 중심으로 -

  • Kim, Won-Il (Microbial Safety Team, Department of Crop Life Safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Jung, Hyang-Mi (Microbial Safety Team, Department of Crop Life Safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Kim, Se-Ri (Microbial Safety Team, Department of Crop Life Safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Park, Kyeong-Hun (Microbial Safety Team, Department of Crop Life Safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Kim, Byung-Seok (Microbial Safety Team, Department of Crop Life Safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Yun, Jong-Chul (Microbial Safety Team, Department of Crop Life Safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Ryu, Kyoung-Yul (R&D Performance Evaluation & Management Division, Research Policy Bureau, RDA)
  • 김원일 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 유해생물팀) ;
  • 정향미 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 유해생물팀) ;
  • 김세리 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 유해생물팀) ;
  • 박경훈 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 유해생물팀) ;
  • 김병석 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 유해생물팀) ;
  • 윤종철 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 유해생물팀) ;
  • 류경열 (농촌진흥청 연구정책국 연구성과관리과)
  • Received : 2012.02.29
  • Accepted : 2012.06.13
  • Published : 2012.09.30
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Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate and evaluate microbial contamination levels of leafy greens (perilla leaf and lettuce) and its distributing conditions at different seasons (Feb, May, Aug, and Nov of the year 2011) in order to provide insight into any potential health hazards associated with consumption of these commodities. Leafy greens were collected from a farm located in Geumsan, Chungnam and wholesale markets (WM) and traditional markets (TM) located in Suwon. At the same time, temperature and relative humidity fluctuations experienced by the leafy greens during distribution from the farm to the distribution center were measured by a data logger. The contamination levels of perilla leaf and lettuce were determined by analyzing total plate count. Coliform groups, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus were determined. The contamination levels of total aerobic bacteria, coliform groups and B. cereus in both vegetables sampled during May and August found to be higher than those sampled during February and November. E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., L. monocytogenes were not detected in the vegetables analyzed in this study. There were no significant trends between samples at WM and TM in the contamination levels. Relative humidity of vegetables distributed from the farm to the distribution center showed over 90% during distribution regardless of measured seasons. In the case of background microflora on leafy greens, the density was significantly increased at 20, 30 and $37^{\circ}C$ during storage of 24h. E. coli O157:H7 and B. cereus inoculated on the leaves also showed similar increases in the storage tests. The microbial contamination levels determined in this study may be used as the fundamental data for microbial risk assessment.

본 연구는 시기별로 생산지, 판매지(대형마트, 재래시장)에서 수집한 들깻잎과 상추의 미생물 오염도를 분석하고 시기별 유통 온 습도 조사와 보관온도가 대상 작물에 존재하는 미생물 밀도변화에 미치는 영향을 검정하였다. 2월, 5월, 8월, 11월에 충청남도 금산군 추부면 소재의 들깻잎, 상추 생산농가와 경기도 수원시 소재의 대형마트, 재래시장에서 들깻잎, 상추 시료를 수집하여 총호기성균, 대장균군, B. cereus의 수를 정량적으로 분석하였고, E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., L. monocytogenes, S. aureus를 정성적으로 분석하였다. 동시에 생산지에서 물류센터로 운송되는 유통 온 습도를 측정하였다. 비교적 기온이 높은 5월, 8월에 수집한 엽채류 시료의 미생물 오염도는 2월, 11월보다 상대적으로 높은 것으로 나타났다. 생산지와 판매지의 미생물 오염도는 생산지에 비해 판매지에서 높게 나타나는 경우가 많았으며 대형마트과 재래시장 간에는 오염도 차이에 있어서 일정한 경향을 보이지 않았다. 조사시기에 상관없이 엽채류가 수확되어 포장된 이후부터는 90% 이상의 높은 상대습도를 보이고, 유통온도는 5월, 8월에 각각 평균 18.2, $23.2^{\circ}C$로 $15^{\circ}C$ 이상으로 유지되는 것으로 나타났다. 엽채류 보관온도에 따른 background microflora, E. coli O157:H7, B. cereus의 밀도변화는 대부분 $20^{\circ}C$ 이상의 온도로 보관될 경우 초기밀도에 비해 유의하게 증가하는 것을 보였다. 따라서 본 연구에서 수행한 엽채류의 미생물 오염도 조사는 엽채류의 미생물위해성평가(MRA)의 활용될 수 있으며, 엽채류 유통환경 조사와 보관온도에 따른 미생물 변화 조사는 엽채류의 유통 및 보관 기준을 설정하는데 있어 기초적인 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

Keywords

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