• Molecules and Cells
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.270-277
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• 2008

This study addresses the physiological functions of the Ran-binding protein homolog NbRanBP1 in Nicotiana benthamiana. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of NbRanBP1 caused stunted growth, leaf yellowing, and abnormal leaf morphology. The NbRanBP1 gene was constitutively expressed in diverse tissues and an NbRanBP1:GFP fusion protein was primarily localized to the nuclear rim and the cytosol. BiFC analysis revealed in vivo interaction between NbRanBP1 and NbRan1 in the nuclear envelope and the cytosol. Depletion of NbRanBP1 or NbRan1 reduced nuclear accumulation of a NbBTF3:GFP marker protein. In the later stages of development, NbRanBP1 VIGS plants showed stress responses such as reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, excessive production of reactive oxygen species, and induction of defense-related genes. The molecular role of RanBP1 in plants is discussed in comparison with RanBP1 function in yeast and mammals.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2006

Anatomical and ultra-structural investigations on the vegetative and reproductive characters include stem, leaf, ovary, sepal, corolla, stigma, and seed surface on 10 taxa of the Korean Gentiana (Gentianaceae) were carried out to clarify the section and species limitation, As the results, taxonomic boundaries of the section, subsection, and series were recognized by using characters such as stem, leaf, sepal, ovary, and corolla. Also the seed morphology and testa surfaces were well defined at the species level.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.117-122
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• 2006

Comparative studies on medium supply in bioreactors (raft, immersion and ebb and flood) have revealed that multiplication and growth of Alocasia Amazonica were greatest in the raft system, while lowest in ebb and flood system. In the raft system, the basal part of the shoots was continuously in contact with medium, which enabled a constant uptake of nutrients as well as aeration to the explants. The number and the size of leaf stomata were higher in the raft system compared with immersion and ebb&flood system. In the immersion system, plantlets were deformed and epidermal cells in leaves were irregular with a large intercellular space. The results suggested that the medium supply should be controlled properly to maintain normal and healthy plantlets during liquid cultures in bioreactors Which affects morphology and physiology Of the plantlets.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.138-147
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• 2019

In this study, we examined antioxidative effects and the anti-adipogenesis effect of different parts of Cudrania tricuspidata (C), and Morus alba (M). Total polyphenol contents were highest in M-root ($34.56{\pm}0.045mg\;GAE/g$), and there was no significant difference, between C-root and M-leaf. Total flavonoid contents of C-root were highest ($23.07{\pm}0.004mg\;QE/g$). To examine antioxidant activities of C and M extracts, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity, and FRAP assay, was used. Results show that antioxidant activities of C and M extracts increased, in a dose-dependent manner. Adipocytes are generated by preadipocyte differentiation, during adipogenesis. Matured adipocytes accumulate in abnormal and cause obesity. We investigated effects of leaf and root extracts of C and M, on lipid accumulation, in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Changes in cell morphology, and degrees of lipid accumulation in adipocytes, were evaluated by Oil Red O staining. Root extracts of C and M, reduced lipid content in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, root extracts of C and M, may be good candidates for managing obesity.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 2019

Ginger is an important monocotyledonous plant belonging to the family Zingiberaceae. The objective of this study was to investigate the regeneration potential of ginger using leaf base explants. Auxins such as 2, 4-D and NAA in combination with BA were used for initiation of callus. Different combinations of both ammonium ($NH^{4+}$) and nitrate ($NO^{3-}$) were also studied for efficient callus production. High frequency of white friable calli was observed on modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L 2, 4-D, 0.5 mg/L NAA and 0.5 mg/L BA. The highest shoot induction (92.33%), shootlets number ($7.33{\pm}0.33$) and length ($88.33{\pm}4.40$) mm were achieved on MS media containing 0.5 mg/L BA. Regenerated shoots were transferred to in vitro rooting media containing 1.0 mg/L IBA. Afterwards, plantlets with well-developed root and shoot system were subjected to a twostep hardening process. 71% of plantlets survived after secondary hardening without any abnormal morphology.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.304-312
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• 2022

Boxwood is a representative ornamental shrub that is widely used in landscaping horticulture. After pruning, damaged leaves or stems of boxwoods are unavoidably vulnerable to infection by various plant pathogens. Several boxwood diseases caused by fungi, such as Volutella blight and Macrophoma leaf spot, have been reported worldwide including Republic of Korea. In this study, we isolated and identified fungal pathogens of boxwood diseases that occurred in Korea and characterized their morphological and taxonomic characteristics. Boxwood samples showing blight symptoms were collected in Seoul, Republic of Korea, and the putative fungal pathogens Pseudonectria buxi, P. foliicola, and Neofusicoccum buxi were successfully identified. Investigation of the morphological features of the field isolates, including mycelial growth and conidial morphology, and phylogenetic analysis of multiple DNA barcode loci revealed that there were some morphological and genetic variations among isolates, but all of the analyzed isolates were closely related to the corresponding reference strains. We also found that P. foliicola strains were more virulent than P. buxi, and the N. buxi strains isolated in this study were weak pathogens or saprophytes. The results of our study will contribute to the development of control strategies for boxwood diseases caused by fungi and accelerate research on the complex ecology of boxwood diseases.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.171-178
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• 1996

This experiment was performed with the purpose of finding out the effect of simulated acid rain at various pH levels on the morphology and enzyme of Perilla frutescens var. japonica hara. The pH levels of simulated acid rain ranged from pH 2.0 to pH 6.0. The experiment showed the anion concentrations in the order of $SO_4^{2-}$, Cl^-$, $NO_3^-$, and $F^-$, $SO_4^{-2}$ was found out to be the main factor which contributed to the rainwater acidification. A general decrease of growth in Perilla frutescens var. japonica hara growth was shown with the decreas of pH concentration. As acidity increases a definite reduction in the rates of germination, heigth of plant, malate dehydrogenase, and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase was ovserved, but the density of spots on the leaf apex was increased.

• ALGAE
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2010

Marked declines in seagrass meadows are increasingly being reported from coasts around Korea and many regions of the world. The transplantation of seagrasses has been attempted to mitigate and control their degradation from a range of anthropogenic factors. In this study, Zostera marina shoots, which were collected from a donor bed in Koje Bay, were transplanted in Jindong Bay in December 2004. In 2008, a comparative investigation of shoot morphology, growth, and reproduction strategy of Z. marina was carried out between the donor and transplant sites to assess their adaptation success. Shoot height, individual shoot weight, and leaf productivity at the transplant site were significantly greater than those at the donor site. However, below-/aboveground tissue ratio was significantly lower at the transplant site compared to the donor site. Z. marina survival was maintained through vegetative reproduction, while peak season for lateral shoot recruitment was late winter for both donor and transplant site populations. However, vegetative reproduction mainly occurred during late winter and spring at the transplant site, whereas lateral shoots were evident across all seasons except late spring in the donor site. More pronounced seasonal variations were found at the transplant site compared to the donor site. These results indicate that Z. marina populations at the two sites possess distinct phenotypic variations induced by different environmental conditions, and Z. marina transplants have adapted well to the new transplant environment.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.371-378
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• 1999

Morphology and karyotype of Korean Convallaria majalis plants were observed for taxonomic studies. Most plants produced two leaves (70%) and some one leaf (30%), but rarely three leaves. Plant length averaged 34.4 $\pm$ 4.6 cm. Percentage of plants bearing flowers was very low with 3.7% (n=1,346) in the field. Raceme usually grew below leaves and rarely grew over leaves. Plant beared five to ten flowers on a single raceme. Chromosomes were x=19 and diploidy with 2n=38. The chromosomes were composed of 13 pairs of median and 6 pairs of submedian chromosomes. The number of chromosome and karyotype of Korean C. majalis plant agree with those of Japanese and European plants.

• Mycobiology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.123-128
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• 2017

A severe leaf spot, turning to foliage blight, was observed on leaves of Maranta leuconeura growing in a garden in Brazil (state of Rio de Janeiro) in 2015. A dematiaceous hyphomycete bearing a morphology typical of a helminthosporoid fungi was regularly found in association with diseased tissues. The fungus was isolated and pathogenicity was demonstrated through the completion of Koch's postulates. A morphology and molecular analysis led to the conclusion that the fungus belonged to the genus Bipolaris, which is characterized by having fusiform conidia, externally thickened and truncate hila and a bipolar pattern of germination. Additionally, homology of internal transcribed spacer and GAPDH sequences with sequences of other Bipolaris species, confirmed its generic placement. A phylogenetic study also indicated clearly that the fungus on M. leuconeura is phylogenetically distinct from related species of this genus, leading to the proposal of the new species Bipolaris marantae.