• 전기학회논문지
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.187-193
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• 2012

Nash Equilibrium (NE) is as useful tool for investigating a participant's strategic generation quantity in a competitive electricity market. Cournot model may give a mixed strategy NE instead of a pure strategy when transmission constraints are considered. A mixed strategy is difficult to compute, complicated to understand conceptually, and hard to implement in an electricity market practically. This paper presents that a mixed strategy does not appear in Stackelberg leader-follower model even under a transmission congestion. A solution method is proposed for the leader-follower model under a nondifferentiable space of a strategy variable. Based on the pure strategy NE with a transmission line congested, the merit of leader-follower model is shown from a social welfare point of view.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.90-97
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• 2014

Nash Cournot Equilibrium (NCE) has been widely used in a competitive electricity market to analyze generation firms' strategic production quantities. Congestion on a transmission network may lead to a mixed strategy NCE. Mixed strategy is complicated to understand, difficult to compute, and hard to implement in practical market. However, Stackelberg model based equilibrium does not have any mixed strategy, even under congestion in a transmission line. A guide to understanding mixed strategy equilibrium is given by analyzing a cycling phenomenon in the players' best choices. This paper connects the concept of leader-follower in Stackelberg model with relations between generation firms on both sides of the congested line. From the viewpoint of social welfare, the surplus analysis is presented for comparison between the NCE and the Stackelberg equilibrium (SE).

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.154-163
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• 2013

In this paper, we propose a formation control algorithm for underactuated autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) with parametric uncertainties using the approach angle. The approach angle is used to solve the underactuated problem for AUVs, and the leader-follower strategy is used for the formation control. The proposed controller considers the nonzero off-diagonal terms of the mass matrix of the AUV model and the associated parametric uncertainties. Using the state transformation, the mass matrix, which has nonzero off-diagonal terms, is transformed into a diagonal matrix to simplify designing the control. To deal with the parametric uncertainties of the AUV model, a self-recurrent wavelet neural network is used. The proposed formation controller is designed based on the dynamic surface control technique. Some simulation results are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed control method.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2003년도 춘계종합학술대회
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• pp.804-807
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• 2003

최근 정보통신 산업에서 일어나고 있는 기술 및 제품 경쟁은 표준화 경쟁이라고 해도 과언이 아닐 정도로 표준 획득은 시장을 선점하기 위하여 핵심 요소로 정보통신기술 변화의 흐름은 표준화를 지향하고 있다. 더욱이 WTO TBT(Technical Barries to Trade)의 발효는 범세계적으로 하나의 표준을 지향해 나아감에 따라 국제표준(Global Standards)의 중요성은 크게 증대되고 있다. 이에 기업은 물론 각 국가는 표준을 핵심 전략으로 인식하고, 다양한 전략적 접근을 통하여 시장선점 나아가 표준획득을 위해 치열한 경쟁을 하고 있다. 본 고에서는 게임이론 중 상대 경기자의 유형(type)을 알 수 없는 동적 불비정보게임(Dynamic Incomplete Information Game)을 이용하여, 정보통신 산업 내 먼저 네트워크를 형성한 선도기업과 이에 대하여 선도기업의 기술과의 호환을 추구하고자 진입한 추종기업간의 경쟁을 분석하고, 이를 통하여 선도기업과 추종기업 간 표준화 경쟁에 있어서 최선의 경쟁 전략을 분석해 보고자 한다.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.943-956
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• 2020

In this study, the motion control problem of the vessel towed by a towing ship (tugboat) is considered. The non-powered towed ship is dragged by the towing ship. Even though the towed ship is equipped with propulsion systems, they cannot be used at low or constant speeds due to safety issues. In narrow canals, rivers, and busy harbor areas especially, where extreme tension is required during towing operation, the course stability of the towed vessel depends on the towing ship. Therefore, the authors propose a new control strategy in which the rudder system of the towed vessel is activated to provide its maneuverability. Based on the leader-follower system configuration, a nonlinear mathematical model is derived and a back-stepping control is designed. By simulation and experiment results with a comparison study, the usefulness and effectiveness of the proposed strategy are validated.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.187-200
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• 2014

The case study of OB shows dramatic market dynamics between leader brand vs. follower brand similar to Kirin vs. Asahi in Japan for two decades. Almost 20yrs ago, the brand status of OB was dramatically fallen because of the environmental pollution of subsidiary company and harsh competition of rivalry brand. But OB made a ground change in its brand strategy. OB departed from the pride in its past to bet on the new. OB decided to vitalize Cass brand through brand portfolio strategy. They deployed 3 phase articulated marketing plans; Phase I, Acquisition of Cass brand through M&A and strategic segmentation/targeting (1993-2005), Phase 2 - Mega Brand Strategy through Line Extension(2006-2009), Phase 3 - Experiential Marketing focused on Young Culture (2010- present). Finally, OB restored not only brand reputation of Cass and other brands but dominant market position in beer market. Now Cass has been growing rapidly in the last 20 years achieving 50% M/S. The three phases shows the typical successful process of brand management and revitalization adopting brand concept management and S-T-P strategy of manufacturing company.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.27-49
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• 2009

Recently, the Korea's economy concerns the second money crisis because of the rapid increase of the exchange rate. The Korea's economy which is very dependent on the foreign trade is more sensitive to the change of exchange rates. There are many literatures which analyze the effects of variations of the exchange rates on the secondary and tertiary industries such as the manufacturing industry and IT(Information Technology). But there have been no studies which try to figure out the effects of variations of exchange rate on the primary industries, especially, fisheries' industry. Therefore this paper tries to analyze the effect of price competition structure and the change of exchange rate on foreign fisheries exporting prices in Korea's fisheries import market. This study utilizes OLS(Ordinary Least Squares Analysis) for the analysis in the market of frozen yellow corvina, hairtail, angler fish which are major fisheries importable in Korea. The results show that the exporting country which has the highest market share is more sensitive to the change of the exchange rates itself than that of the other exporting countries' price when it starts to set up its exporting price. And the exporting countries which have low market share are more sensitive to the change of price which country has the highest market share than that of price whose countries have low market share and those of their exchange rate. Also we can find out that the countries which have similar market share try to set up price-setting strategy in the opposite direction. In other words, one country tries to bid up its price, other countries response to rival country by lowering their prices. In the consideration of the fact that most exporting countries aren't affected by Korea's fisheries' prices, the exporting countries in Korea's fisheries import market are more sensitive to the prices of other exporting countries than that of Korea's. This result indicates that the price leader-follower model could be applicable to the Korea's fisheries import market.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.101-115
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to provide fundamental data for the development of a human management strategy depending on the followership type in 119 EMTs. Methods: The subjects were thirty eight 119 EMTs working out of hospital in Y, D, S, G city. Data were collected from June 25 to August 10, 2017. The Q sample was selected as 40 statements in total and analyzed using the PC QUANL program. Results: As a result of the study, three followership types explained 67.59% of all the variables. Three different types were identified from the examination. The types were labeled as 'Responsible helper type', 'Quick response type', and 'Enterprising self-development type'. Conclusion: For each type, a leader and follower should develop a team management strategy for 119 EMTs to provide high-quality emergency medical services.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.66-75
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• 2010

본 연구의 목적은 5개의 커피 전문점(스타벅스, 커피빈, 할리스, 엔제리너스, 탐앤탐스)의 경쟁적인 위치를 파악하는 것이다. 서울, 부산, 대구 지역의 거주자를 대상으로 2009년 9월 22일부터 10월 11일까지 20일간 실시하였다. 연구의 목적을 수행하기 위하여 고객이 인지하고 있는 5개 커피브랜드의 유사성을 알아보기 위하여 다차원척도법을 사용하였다. 연구 결과를 살펴보면 할리스와 엔제리너스가 경쟁관계를 유지하고 있음을 알 수 있으며 또한, 탐앤탐스는 할리스와 엔제리너스와 가까이 나타났다. 그러나 업계에서 리더(market leader)인 스타벅스와 스타벅스의 뒤를 따르고 있는(market follower) 커피빈은 개별적으로 독특한 정체성을 가진 브랜드로 인식되고 있음을 알 수 있다. 이 연구 결과에 따라서 마케팅 전략 수립을 필요로 하는 마케터에게 도움이 될 것이다. 향후 연구에서는 다양한 변수를 포함한 철저한 조사가 필요하다.

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.247-263
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• 2005

Prior research in R8ED innovation in Korea has been centered around the 'three-stage development model,' which hypothesizes that the Korean innovation process goes from the introduction (of foreign technology) stage, through assimilation stage to the final modification stage. As Korean economy shifts from traditional industry-led development to innovation-centric development, such an approach loses sight of the whole picture. The current study argues that a new framework is required for adequate analysis on newly arising innovative patterns in Korea, emphasizing source technology development and technology leader strategy. For this purpose, we propose the 'Jigsaw Puzzle Model' of technology development, which is then verified by an in-depth analysis on the innovation processes of 3 representative IT products of Korea, DRAM, TH LCD, and CDMA. The model suggests that Korean innovation model is a dynamic, efficient amalgamation of foreign-acquired and dependent technologies, based on internally accumulated technological resources. The model explains better how Korean firms are achieving a rapid catch-up of technological gaps with advanced nations and are able to transfer from the technology follower to the leader position.