• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.56 no.6
• /
• pp.2258-2265
• /
• 2024

The present investigation aims to study the role of Pr₂O₃ on the structural, physical, and radiation shielding properties of a dense cadmium lead borate glass. The XRD was used to affirm the glassy amorphous structure of fabricated sample materials. Moreover, the FTIR was used to record the change in the FT-IR spectra due to the addition of Pr₂O₃ in the wavenumber interval between 400 and 4000 cm^-1. The features of glass surfaces and the elemental analyses for the synthesized Pr₂O₃-reinforced cadmium lead borate glasses were performed using a SEM, supported by an energy-dispersive spectrometer. The γ-ray protection capacity was evaluated using the Monte Carlo method in a wide energy interval ranging between 0.015 and 15 MeV. The linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) at 1 MeV was reduced by a factor of 10 % from 0.372 cm^-1 to 0.340 cm^-1. The decrease in the LAC values negatively affected the other shielding properties such as half-value thickness and the transmission factor. Although the linear attenuation coefficient is decreased slightly with the partial substitution of CdO by Pr₂O₃ compound, the fabricated glass samples still have a high shielding capacity compared to the traditional commercial glasses as well as previous similar reported glasses.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
• /
• v.33 no.6
• /
• pp.617-622
• /
• 1996

• Journal of Conservation Science
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.215-223
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study is to reveal the characteristics, correlations, and colorant materials of those using the chemical compositions of 30 glasses excavated from the Sarari hall of the Mireuksaji stone pagoda, and to determine the correlations between them and other glass excavated from the Wanggungri site. The results of the chemical analysis of the 11 glass beads show that they are a soda glass group with high contents of $SiO_2$ and $Na_2O$; these can be further subdivided into soda-alumina groups ($Na_2O-Al_2O_3-CaO-Si_2O$). The characteristics of the stabilizer are classified as being of the high alumina glass group (LCHA), except for two glasses. It was concluded that colorant materials affected the coloring for glass beads by various components including Ti, Mn, Fe, Cu and Pb. In addition, we examined six lead glasses which are glass plate and unknown fragments that are of a common lead glass system ($PbO-SiO_2$) with respect to the average contents of PbO (70wt.%) and $SiO_2$ (30wt.%). As a result of comparing these relics with those of the glass beads excavated by Wanggungri, there is a similarity in that they belong to the soda glass group. However, the contents of $Na_2O$ are relatively higher than that of the glass beads in the Mireuksaji pagoda, and most of relics include glasses with a low content of $K_2O$ and CaO. In addition, the PbO and $SiO_2$ contents are slightly different in the lead glass. It seems that the glass relics made at two different sites may have used different raw materials or techniques.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.55 no.5
• /
• pp.1734-1741
• /
• 2023

This work presents the synthesis and preparation of a new glass system described by the equation of (70-x) B₂O₃-5TeO₂ -20SrCO₃-5ZnO -xBi₂O₃, x = 0, 1, 5, 10, and 15 mol. %, using the melt quenching technique at a melting temperature of 1100 ℃. The photon-shielding characteristics mainly the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) of the prepared glass samples were evaluated using Monte Carlo (MC) simulation N-particle transport code (MCNP-5) at gamma-ray energy extended from 59 keV to 1408 keV emitted by the radioisotopes Am-241, Ba-133, Cs-137, Co-60, Na-22, and Eu-152. Furthermore, we observed that the Bi₂O₃ content of the glasses had a significantly stronger impact on the LAC at 59 and 356 keV. The study of the lead equivalent thickness shows that the performance of fabricated glass sample with 15 mol.% of Bi₂O₃ is four times less than the performance of pure lead at low gamma photon energy while it is enhanced and became two times lower the perforce of pure lead at high energy. Therefore, the fabricated glasses special sample with 15 mol.% of Bi₂O₃ has good shielding properties in low, intermediate, and high energy intervals.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2000.01a
• /
• pp.95-96
• /
• 2000

The effect of $Al_2O_3$ on the dielectric constant and the coefficient of thermal expansion of lead borosilicate glasses for the application of PDP glass paste was investigated. Measurements were made theoretically by using empirical equations on the composition of the of glasses in which the $PbO/Al_2O_3$, $B_2O_3/Al_2O_3$ and $SiO_2/Al_2O_3$ ratios were systematically varied. As a result, with increasing $PbO/Al_2O_3$ the thermal expansion coefficient and the dielectric constant noticeably increased, while the change of $B_2O_3/Al_2O_3$ and $SiO_2/Al_2O_3$ ratios did not affect those properties of the glasses.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.56 no.9
• /
• pp.3796-3803
• /
• 2024

By employing the melt-quenching technique, the ZnO-SrO-B₂O₃-PbO (ZSBP) glasses have been successfully fabricated. The derivative of Absorption Spectra Fitting (DASF) method was used to study the energy band gap (E_g) of the glasses which decreases from 3.57 eV to 3.39 eV. The structural properties have been studied using the Raman spectroscopy. The glass transition temperature (T_g) decreases with increase in concentration of the lead oxide. The current study examines the radiation shielding properties at 30.80-444 keV. The addition of PbO to the glasses resulted in a proportionate increase in the mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), suggesting a diminishing tendency in radiation transmission. At 30.80 keV, the MAC values are extremely high and range from 18.06 to 21.11 cm²/g. As density rises, the half value layer (HVL) decreases. In addition, the average HVL (${\overline{HVL}}$) decreases. The glass thickness required to reduce the radiation intensity to 90 %, 50 %, 25 %, and 10 % of its initial value is investigated at an energy of 35.80 keV. The T90 %, T50 %, T25 %, and T10 % values are 0.0020, 0.0132, 0.0264, and 0.0439 cm, respectively. The results suggest that a greater thickness of the radiation barrier is necessary to attain the necessary degree of attenuation.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.53 no.12
• /
• pp.4106-4113
• /
• 2021

Rare earth doped barium tellurite glasses were synthesised and explored for their radiation shielding applications. All the samples showed good thermal stability with values varying between 101 ℃ and 135 ℃ based on dopants. Structural properties showed the dominance of matrix elements compared to rare earth dopants in forming the bridging and non-bridging atoms in the network. Bandgap values varied between 3.30 and 4.05 eV which was found to be monotonic with respective rare earth dopants indicating their modification effect in the network. Various radiation shielding parameters like linear attenuation coefficient, mean free path and half value layer were calculated and each showed the effect of doping. For all samples, LAC values decreased with increase in energy and is attributed to photoelectric mechanism. Thulium doped glasses showed the highest value of 1.18 cm^-1 at 0.245 MeV for 2 mol.% doping, which decreased in the order of erbium, holmium and the base barium tellurite glass, while half value layer and mean free paths showed an opposite trend with least value for 2 mol.% thulium indicating that thulium doped samples are better attenuators compared to undoped and other rare earth doped samples. Studies indicate an increased level of thulium doping in barium tellurite glasses can lead to efficient shielding materials for high energy radiation.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.56 no.7
• /
• pp.2437-2443
• /
• 2024

This work synthesized four glass samples with a fixed ratio of PbO to Na₂O and a variable ratio of BaO to B₂O₃. The linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) (μ, cm^-1) and additional attenuator parameters were determined experimentally using a semiconductor detector and different gamma sources. The comparison was carried out between the experimental and the XCOM calculated results, with good agreement emerging between the two results. The impacts of the BaO substituting for the B₂O₃ on fabricated PNBB glasses' radiation shielding properties were discussed. By increasing the BaO substitution concentration between 10 and 25 mol.%, the LAC μ values (cm^-1) increased by 76.60 %, 13.81 %, 12.56 %, and 12.52 % for the respective γ-ray energies of 0.059, 0.662, 1.173, and 1.332 MeV. The μ value reduction with raised gamma energy values increased the values of the calculated half-value thickness (Δ_0.5) as a result of the μ and Δ_0.5 values' reverse proportionality. Other shielding parameters such as the lead equivalent thickness (Δ_eq) and radiation protection efficiency were also determined for the present PNBB glass samples.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.14 no.9
• /
• pp.670-675
• /
• 2004

Glasses in the $Bi_{2}O_3-SiO_2-ZnO$ glasses system were examined as a potential replacement for lead-oxide glass frits with low firing temperature ($500\sim600^{\circ}C$) for the dielectric layer of a plasma display panel (PDP). The glasses were evaluated for glass transition temperature($T_{g}$) and thermal expansion coefficient(${\alpha}$). After forming transparent thick films by a screen-printing method, it was evaluated for the optical properties. The transmittance of thick films fired at $500-600^{\circ}C$ showed above $80\%$, which was not dependent on the firing temperature. As a result, many pores were observed at samples fired at low temperature, while the number of pores from samples prepared at high temperature decreased and the pores size increased.

• Journal of Conservation Science
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.243-250
• /
• 2011

Seven glass beads from Bupwha-ri site, Yeongdong dated Joseon dynasty were analyzed with SEM/EDS and X-ray diffraction methods. Six samples were classified to potash glass system($K_2O-CaO-SiO_2$) with HCA(High CaO and $Al_2O_3$) and high concentration of MgO suggested raw materials to plant ashes. Especially one sample from tomb no. 8 was highly different concentration of $K_2O$ and MgO with others. It was shown that they were different sources of raw materials. Mostly coloring agents of potash glasses were owing to Fe and Cu. One sample was found to lead glass system(PbO-$SiO_2$) with 12% PbO. The content of PbO was differentiated with other lead glasses since we analyzed so far. It needs more study for compositions of lead glasses with regions and ages.