• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제7권5호
• /
• pp.1291-1312
• /
• 2013

Cloud computing changes the service models of information systems and accelerates the pace of technological innovation of consumer electronics. However, it also brings new security issues. As one of the important foundations of various cloud security solutions, entity authentication is attracting increasing interest of many researchers. This article proposes a layered security architecture to provide a trust transmission mechanism among cloud systems maintained by different organizations. Based on the security architecture, four protocols are proposed to implement mutual authentication, data sharing and secure data transmission in federated cloud systems. The protocols not only can ensure the confidentiality of the data transferred, but also resist man-in-the-middle attacks and masquerading attacks. Additionally, the security properties of the four protocols have been proved by S-pi calculus formal verification. Finally, the performance of the protocols is investigated in a lab environment and the feasibility of the security architecture has been verified under a hybrid cloud system.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제22권6호
• /
• pp.509-518
• /
• 2020

Multi-layered primary linings have been proved to be highly effective for tunneling in severe squeezing grounds. But there still has not existed well-established design method for it. Basically, there are two main critical problems in this method, including determinations of allowable deformation and distribution of support stiffness. In order to address such problems, an attempt to investigate the mechanical response of a circular tunnel with double primary linings is performed in this paper. Analytical solutions in closed form for stresses and displacements around tunnels are derived. In addition, the effectiveness and reliability of theoretical formulas provided are well validated by using the numerical method. Finally, based on the analytical solutions, a parametric investigation on the effects of allowable deformation and distribution of support stiffness on tunnel performance is conducted. Results show that the rock pressure and displacement are significantly affected by these two design parameters. It can be found that rock pressure decreases as either allowable deformation increases or stiffness of the first primary lining decreases, but rock displacement shows an opposite trend. This paper can provide a useful guidance for the design of multi-layered primary linings.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.83-93
• /
• 2014

Because the 'image' is the 'reality' in this era, there are the characteristics dematerialized between reality and non-reality in the contemporary architecture. These are promoting individualization, differentiation and multi-layered time with the development of electronic technology. This trend emphasizes the importance of imagines that are not only homogenized, simultaneous but also overlapped, multi-layered, discriminatory. Perspectives and essential characteristics of the architectural skin are changing in terms of the technical and social awareness and that means the skin has features as a complex body. Recently as an imagine creator, the architectural skin make form of media boundaries reflecting the various relationships between the observer and the external environment and also, the interior space become another sensory skin by removing the boundaries of the internal and external. It is important that making an identity of the architecture defined by the media or the imagine as well as the importance of space in architecture. These changes of skin make the third space based on the viewer's imagination and show the potential of new architectural skin with the expansion space by blurring the boundary between reality and illusion. It occurs to the diversity of the architectural skin with the identity. It will more diversified and be recognized immediately and sensibly through the interface attributes in contact with the city directly. In addition, it is more important that the skin become a unified body related with urban, social and cultural context.

• KCI Concrete Journal
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.115-126
• /
• 1999

An analytical method based on the nonlinear layered finite element method is developed to simulate an overall load-deflection behavior of strengthened beams. The developed model distinguishes itself by its capability to trace residual flexural behavior of a beam after the fracture of brittle strengthening materials at peak load. The model. which uses a rather advanced numerical technique for iterative convergence to equilibrium, can be regarded as superior to the two models based on load control and displacement control The model predictions were compared with the experimental results and it was observed that there was good agreement between them.

• 전자공학회논문지B
• /
• 제31B권1호
• /
• pp.88-98
• /
• 1994

A new neural network architecture called the Parallel. Self-Organizing Hierarchical Neural Network (PSHNN) is presented. The new architecture involves a number of stages in which each stage can be a particular neural network (SNN). The experiments performed in comparison to multi-layered network with backpropagation training and indicated the superiority of the new architecture in the sense of classification accuracy, training time,parallelism.

• 전자공학회논문지
• /
• 제50권2호
• /
• pp.104-113
• /
• 2013

60GHz 멀티-기가비트 WPAN 시스템을 위한 고속 QC-LDPC 복호기의 구조를 제안한다. 제안한 QC-LDPC 복호기 설계를 위하여 4 블록-병렬 계층 복호 기술과 fixed wire network 기술이 적용 되었다. 2단 파이프라이닝과 4 블록-병렬 계층 복호기술은 동작 주파수와 데이터 처리량을 개선시키는데에 큰 효과가 있다. 또한 본 제안한 복호기 구조에서 스위치 네트워크를 구현하여 위하여 fixed wire network로 간단하게 구현될 수 있으면 하드웨어 복잡도를 크게 감소시킬 수 있다. 제안한 672-비트, rate-1/2인 QC-LDPC 복호기 구조는 90-nm CMOS 표준 셀을 이용해 설계 및 합성하였다. 성능 분석 결과 제안한 QC-LDPC 복호기 구조는 794K 게이트를 가지며 클락 속도 290MHz 에서 작동한다. 12-iteration일 때 데이터 처리율은 3.9 Gbps 이며 60GHz WPAN 시스템에 적용되어 사용 될 수 있다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
• /
• 제25권5호
• /
• pp.213-221
• /
• 2021

Many Korean domestic masonry structures constructed since 1970 have been found to be vulnerable to earthquakes because they lack efficient lateral force resistance. Many studies have shown that the brick and mortar suddenly experience brittle fracture and out-of-plane collapse when they reach the inelastic range. This study evaluated the seismic retrofitting of non-reinforced masonry with Hybrid Super Coating (HSC) and Cast, manufactured using glass fiber. Four types of specimen original specimen (BR-OR), one layered HSC (BR-HS-O), two-layered HSC (BR-HS-B), one layered HSC, and Cast (BR-CT-HS-O) were constructed and analyzed using compression, flexural tensile, diagonal compression, and triplet tests. The specimen responses were presented and discussed in load-displacement curves, maximum strength, and crack propagation. The compressive strength of the retrofit specimens slightly increased, while the flexural tensile strength of the retrofit specimens increased significantly. In addition, the HSC and Cast also produced a considerable increase in the ductile response of specimens before failure. Diagonal compression test results showed that HSC delayed brittle cracks between the mortar and bricks and resulted in larger displacement before failure than the original brick. The triplet test results confirmed that the bonding strength of the retrofit specimens also increased. The application of HSC and Cast was found to restrain the occurrence of brittle failure effectively and delayed the collapse of masonry wall structures.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.245-256
• /
• 2014

I-core sandwich panel that has been used more widely is assembled using high power $CO_2$ laser welding. Kim et al. (2013) proposed a circular cone type heat source model for the T-joint laser welding between face plate and core. It can cover the negative defocus which is commonly adopted in T-joint laser welding to provide deeper penetration. In part I, a volumetric heat source model is proposed and it is verified thorough a comparison of melting zone on the cross section with experiment results. The proposed model can be used for heat transfer analysis and thermal elasto-plastic analysis to predict welding deformation that occurs during laser welding. In terms of computational time, since the thermal elasto-plastic analysis using 3D solid elements is quite time consuming, shell element model with multi-layers have been employed instead. However, the conventional layered approach is not appropriate for the application of heat load at T-Joint. This paper, Part II, suggests a new method to arrange different number of layers for face plate and core in order to impose heat load only to the face plate.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.210-219
• /
• 2017

This paper proposes a modified min-max algorithm (MMMA) for nonbinary quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (NB-QC-LDPC) codes and an efficient parallel block-layered decoder architecture corresponding to the algorithm on a graphics processing unit (GPU) platform. The algorithm removes multiplications over the Galois field (GF) in the merger step to reduce decoding latency without any performance loss. The decoding implementation on a GPU for NB-QC-LDPC codes achieves improvements in both flexibility and scalability. To perform the decoding on the GPU, data and memory structures suitable for parallel computing are designed. The implementation results for NB-QC-LDPC codes over GF(32) and GF(64) demonstrate that the parallel block-layered decoding on a GPU accelerates the decoding process to provide a faster decoding runtime, and obtains a higher coding gain under a low $10^{-10}$ bit error rate and low $10^{-7}$ frame error rate, compared to existing methods.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.61-66
• /
• 2013

This study is to eliminate the need for conventional high density plant factory's artificial light source such as LED to reduce the initial investment of the light source installation as well as the operation cost. Use of solar light could enhance the quality of the vegetables similar to those grown in the natural environment. Provision of solar light into the multilayer vegetable cultivation facilities and collecting maximum and sustainable sunlight without too much loss by tracing solar path and properly distributing it through careful control during daytime are crucial for realizing the investigated rooftop light shelf system for multi-layered vegetable cultivation. In this study, we developed an innovative way of effectively allocating sunlight inside even to otherwise shaded zone of a multi-layer vegetable cultivation facility. To prove the effectiveness of the system's sunlight collection and distribution capability, both simulation and experiment in Daejeon are performed and the outcome is analyzed.