• Applied Science and Convergence Technology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.317-327
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• 2014

In order to develop nano-devices with much lower power consumption for beyond-CMOS applications, the fundamental understanding and precise control of the electronic properties of ultrathin transition metal oxide (TMO) films are strongly required. The metal-insulator transition (MIT) is not only an important issue in solid state physics, but also a useful phenomenon for device applications like switching or memory devices. For potential use in such application, the electronic structures of MIT, observed for TMO nano-structures, have been investigated using a synchrotron radiation angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy system combined with a laser molecular beam epitaxy chamber and a scanning photoelectron microscopy system with 70 nm spatial resolution. In this review article, electronic structures revealed by soft X-ray nano-spectroscopy are presented for i) polarity-dependent MIT and thickness-dependent MIT of TMO ultrathin films of $LaAlO_3/SrTiO_3$ and $SrVO_3/SrTiO_3$, respectively, and ii) electric field-induced MIT of TMO nano-structures showing resistance switching behaviors due to interfacial redox reactions and/or filamentary path formation. These electronic structures have been successfully correlated with the electrical properties of nano-structured films and nano-devices.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.208.1-208.1
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• 2014

반도체 공정이나 디스플레이 공정에는 세라믹 부품이나 금속 부품이 많이 포함되어 있는데 이들 부품이 공정중에 발생하는 플라즈마 또는 여러가지 부산물에 의하여 부품의 표면에 다양한 코팅층이 형성된다. 그리고 이러한 공정에 들어가는 부품은 플라즈마 또는 각종 산에 취약한 특성을 나타내는데 이에 대하여 해결하기 위하여 세라믹 부품의 표면에 용사코팅이나 각종 물리, 화학적 방법을 이용하여 표면에 코팅층을 형성한다. 이렇게 형성된 코팅층중 특히 용사코팅에 의하여 형성된 코팅층은 플라즈마 공정이나 각종 부식성 산에 의하여 박리 또는 크랙이 발생하게 된다. 이러한 특성은 용사코팅층의 특성상 발생하고 있는 물리적 흡착에 의하여 흡착된 계면에서 박리가 발생할 가능성이 크게 된다. 이러한 현상을 줄이기 위하여 고열원을 통하여 열처리 실험을 실시한다. 특히 전자빔이나 레이저 열원은 고온 급속 가열에 의하여 고융점인 세라믹 용사코팅층 및 금속 코팅층을 재용융 및 응고과정을 통하여 미세구조를 변화시킨다. 특히 전자빔 열처리는 진공중에서 코팅층의 열처리를 행함으로써 코팅층 내에 있는 기공을 제거하거나 불순물을 제거하기에 용이하다. 본 연구에서 수행된 열처리는 기 코팅된 세라믹이나 금속재의 표면을 다량의 Electron의 Flux를 통하여 표면의 온도를 Melting point 직하 온도까지 상승하였다가 응고시킴으로써 코팅층의 특성을 변화시켰다. 이렇게 열처리된 시험편의 XRD를 통해 결정구조를 파악하고, SEM, OM을 통하여 기공의 제거, 결함의 제거 등을 확인하였으며 경도 변화를 통하여 물리적 특성의 변화를 함께 확인하였다. 평가 결과 결정구조의 변화와 더불어 경도등의 상승효과가 발생하였으며 코팅층 내에 존재하는 결함이 감소함을 확인하였다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2002.07c
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• pp.1962-1963
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• 2002

The hand-piece fiber optics is applied to medical appliances such as glaucoma theraphy to focus semiconductor laser on the affected parts efficiently. In this paper, we evaluate optical properties such as beam power and radius of a hand-piece probe by experiments and we also simulate the hand-piece optics by ray tracing method in order to study major parameters to optimize focalization ability. As results, we show experimental and simulation results of the hand-piece optics and also summarize several requirements that have to be considered in optimizing the hand-piece optics.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.791-795
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• 2000

Amorphous chalcogenide glasses have a wide variety of light-induced effects. In this study, we have investigated the diffraction efficiency of chalcogenide. As$_{40}$ Ge$_{10}$ Se$_{15}$ S$_{35}$ thin films by the various applied electric fields. The holographic grating in these thin films has been formed using a linearly polarized He-Ne laser light (633nm). The diffraction efficiency was investigated the two method of applied electric field in the perpendicular and parallel to the direction of inducing beam. We obtained that properties of diffraction efficiency in the two methods of applied electric field. The result is shown that the diffraction efficiency of parallel electric field is 285% increase, η=1.1$\times$10$^{-3}$ and the diffraction efficiency of perpendicular electric field is 80% decrease, η=9.83$\times$10$^{-5}$ . Also, we have investigated the anisotropy property on chalcogenide thin films by the electric field effects.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.131-137
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• 2012

Rapid and reliable identification of microorganisms is a key for tracing the relationship between the target bacteria and related infectious diseases. Various identification methods such as classical phenotypic analysis, numerical taxonomic analysis, and DNA sequencing have been widely used to classify microorganisms in milk and dairy products. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) identifies targeted bacteria in milk and milk products. Several studies have demonstrated that MALDI-TOF MS identification is an efficient and inexpensive method for the rapid and routine identification of isolated bacteria. MALDI-TOF MS could provide accurate identification of bacteria in milk and milk products at the serotype or strain level and enable antibiotic resistance profiling within minutes.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.575-581
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• 2007

The high dimensional accuracy of the cold forged part could be acquired by the accurate dimensional modification for the die, which is, the dimensional changes from the die through forged part to final part after heat treatment were considered. The experimental and FEM analysis are performed to investigate the dimensional changes from the die to final part on cold forged part, comparing with the machined gear. The dimension of forged part is compared with the die dimension at each stage, such as, machined die, cold forged part, and heat-treated-part. The elastic characteristics and thermal influences on forging stage are analyzed numerically by the $DEFORM-3D^{TM}$. The analyzed residual stress of forged part is considered into the FE-analysis for heat treatment using the $DEFORM-HT^{TM}$. The effects of residual stress affected into the dimensional changes could be investigated by the FEA. Each residual stress of gears was measured practically by laser beam type measurement.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.141-147
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• 1999

Optical disk technology with a laser beam for data recording and retrieval is one of the most promising route for high density information storage in multimedia era. As the storage density and data transfer rates are increased, mechanical issues, mainly noise and vibration, become critical. Rubber materials are extensively used in various machine design application, mainly for vibration/shock/noise control devices. Over the years an enormous effort has been put into developing procedures to provide properties of rubber components with complex shape and under pre-deformed state. In this paper, non-linear large deformations of a rubber mount for optical disk drive were investigated using the finite element method. A tension test of rubber material was performed, to calculate a strain energy function. According to the pre-deformed state, the variation of rubber mount stiffness were calculated and the reliability of numerical results were checked by compared with the measuring the deflection values. Also, the effects of the pre-deformed rubber mount on the system dynamic characteristics were investigated and the relation between the static stiffness variation of rubber mount and the natural frequence variation of system was discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.02a
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• pp.309-309
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• 2012

Heteroepitaxial growth remains as one of the continuously growing interests, because the heterogeneous crystallization on different substrates is a common feature in the fabrication processes of many semiconductor materials and devices, such as molecular beam epitaxy, pulsed laser deposition, sputtering, chemical bath deposition, chemical vapor deposition, hydrothermal synthesis, vapor phase transport and so on [1,2]. By using the R.F. sputtering system, ZnO thin films were deposited on graphene 4 and 6 mono layers, which is grown on 400 nm and 600 nm $SiO_2$ substrates, respectively. The ZnO thin layer was deposited at various temperatures by using a ZnO target. In this experimental, the working power and pressure were $3{\times}10^{-3}$ Torr and 50 W, respectively. The base pressure of the chamber was kept at a pressure around $10^{-6}$ Torr by using a turbo molecular pump. The oxygen and argon gas flows were controlled around 5 and 10 sccm by using a mass flow controller system, respectively. The structural properties of the samples were analyzed by XRD measurement. The film surface and carrier concentration were analyzed by an atomic force microscope and Hall measurement system. The surface morphologies were observed using field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM).

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 1993.11a
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• pp.2-2
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• 1993

The present status of the thennomechanica1 evaluation of functionally gradient materials(FGMs) for space plane application was reviewed, in which research activities and the cooperation of the national project team organized to study FGM science were demonstrated. The project team was divided into three working groups; de singing, processing and evaluation, each of which had their own tasks in the project cooperation. The testings details of the various thennomechanical tests for the FGM samples fabricated by the processing groups were described, along with their corresponding heating conditions of the real environments in the space plane application. For small-sized samples, laser beam heating test and burner heating test were well applied to study the heat shielding and heat resisting properties. Arc-heated wind tunnel test and high temperature!high velocity gas flow test were used for large-sized panel assemblies having cooling structures. The criteria for the evaluation of the heat shielding and heat resisting properties of the FGMs, as well as a crack activation mechanism in their differential temperature heating, were proposed on the basis of the observation in the burner heating test.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.81-88
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• 2011

Even though importance of nano-scale structure and compositional analysis have been getting increased, existing analysis tools have been reached to their limitations. Recent development of Atom Probe Tomography (APT), providing 3-dimensional elemental distribution and compositional information with sub-nm scale special resolution and tens of ppm detection limit, is one of key technique which can overcome these limitations. However, due to the fact that APT is not well known yet in the domestic research area, it has been rarely utilized so far. Therefore, in this article, the theoretical background of APT was briefly introduced with sample preparation to help understanding APT analysis.